Effects of openness, problem solving, and blaming on learning: An experiment in china

Journal of Social Psychology

Volumn 145, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 629-644

  Tjosvold, Dean ^a   Sun, Haifa F ^b   Wan, Paulina ^a  

^a LINGNAN UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

^b SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Cooperation and competition; Decision making; Group and teams; Learning

Indexed keywords

EID: 29144511514     PISSN: 00224545     EISSN: 19401183     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3200/SOCP.145.6.629-644     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Arygris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
2. Arygris, C., & Schon, D. A. (1996). Organizational learning II: Theory, method, andprac-tice. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
3. Barker, J., Tjosvold, D., & Andrews, I. R. (1988). Conflict approaches of effective and ineffective managers: A field study in a matrix organization. Journal of Management Studies, 25, 167-178.
4. Bizman, A., & Yinon, Y. (2004). Intergroup conflict management strategies as related to perceptions of dual identity and separate groups. The Journal of Social Psychology, 144, 115-126.
5. Chan, W. T. (1963). A source book in Chinese philosophy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
7. Crossan, M. M., Lane, H. W., & White, R. E. (1999). An organizational learning framework: From intuition to institution. Academy of Management Review, 24, 522-537.
8. De Dreu, C., & Van de Vliert, E. (Eds.). (1997). Using conflict in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
9. Deutsch, M. (1962). Cooperation and trust: Some theoretical notes. In M. R. Jones (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (275-319). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
10. Deutsch, M. (1973). The resolution of conflict. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
11. Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988). A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review, 95, 256-273.
12. Eliott, E. S., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 5-12.
13. Fisher, S. R., & White, M. A. (2000). Downsizing in a learning organization: Are there hidden costs? Academy of Management Review, 25, 244-251.
14. Folger, R., & Skarlicki, D. P. (1998). When tough times make tough bosses: Managerial distancing as a function of layoff blame. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 79-87.
15. Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural constraints in management theories. Academy of Management Executive, 7, 81-94.
16. Holubec, E., & Johnson, D. W. (1993). Impact of cooperative learning on naval air traffic controller training. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 337-346.
17. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1989). Cooperation and competition: Theory and research. Edina, MN: Interaction Book Company.
18. Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1999). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning (5th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
19. Johnson, D. W., Maruyama, G., Johnson, R. T., Nelson, D., & Skon, S. (1981). Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on achievement: A metaanalysis. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 47-62.
20. Katzenbach, J. R., & Smith, D. K. (1993). The wisdom of teams: Creating the high-performance organization. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
21. Kelman, H. C. (1997). Group processes in the resolution of international conflicts: Experiences from the Israeli-Palestinian case. American Psychologist, 52, 212-220.
22. Lane, P. J., & Lubatkin, M. (1998). Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 461-477.
23. Levitt, B. B., & March, J. G. (1988). Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 319-340.
24. Luo, Y., & Peng, M. W. (1999). Learning to compete in a transition economy: Experience, environment, and performance. Journal of International Business Studies, 30, 269-296.
25. Maier, N. R. F. (1952). Principles of human behavior. New York: Wiley.
26. Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). Knowledge creating company. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
27. Pfeffer, J., & Veiga, J. F. (1999). Putting people first for organizational success. Academy of Management Executive, 13, 37-48.
28. Pruitt, D. G., & Syna, H. (1989). Successful problem solving. In D. Tjosvold & D. W. Johnson (Eds.), Productive conflict management: Perspectives for organizations (pp. 69-90). Minneapolis, MN: Team Media.
29. Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (1996). Computing contrasts, effect sizes, and counternulls on other people’s published data: General procedures for research consumers. Psychological Methods, 1, 331-340.
30. Rosnow, R. L., Rosenthal, R., & Rubin, D. B. (2000). Contrasts and correlations in effect-size estimation. Psychological Science, 11, 446-453.
31. Rubin, J. Z., Pruitt, D. G., & Kim, S. H. (1994). Social conflict: Escalation, stalemate, and settlement (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
32. Rybowiak, V., Garst, H., Frese, M., & Batinic, B. (1998). Error orientation questionnaire (EOQ): Reliability, validity, and different language equivalence. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 527-547.
33. Senge, P. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. New York: Doubleday/Currency.
34. Spector, P. E., & Brannick, M. T. (1995). The nature and effects of method variance in organizational research. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 249-274). Chichester, England: Wiley.
35. Stanne, M., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. (1999). Social interdependence and motor performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(1), 133-154.
36. Tjosvold, D. (1982). Effects of the approach to controversy on superiors’ incorporation of subordinates’ information in decision-making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 67, 189-193.
37. Tjosvold, D. (1985). Implications of controversy research for management. Journal of Management, 11, 21-37.
38. Tjosvold, D. (1998). The cooperative and competitive goal approach to conflict: Accomplishments and challenges. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 47, 285-313.
39. Tjosvold, D., & Deemer, D. K. (1980). Effects of controversy within a cooperative or competitive context on organizational decision-making. Journal of Applied Psychology, 65, 590-595.
40. Tjosvold, D., Moy, J., & Sasaki, S. (1996). Managing for customers and employees in Hong Kong: The quality and teamwork challenges. Journal of Market-Focused Management, 1, 339-357.
41. Tjosvold, D., & Sun, H. (2003). Openness among Chinese in conflict: Effects of direct discussion and warmth on integrated decision making. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 1878-1897.
42. Tjosvold, D., & Tjosvold, M. M. (1995). Cooperation theory, constructive controversy, and effectiveness: Learning from crises. In R. A. Guzzo & E. Salas (Eds.), Team effectiveness and decision making in organizations (pp. 79-112). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
43. Triandis, H. C., McCusker, C., & Hui, C. H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59, 1006-1020.
44. Tse, D. K., Francis, J., & Walls, J. (1994). Cultural differences in conducting intra-and inter-cultural negotiations: A Sino-Canadian comparison. Journal of International Business Studies, 24, 537-555.
45. Van Berklom, M., & Tjosvold, D. (1981). The effects of social context on engaging in controversy. The Journal of Psychology, 107, 141-145.
46. Van Dyck, C., Frese, M., & Sonnentag, S. (1998, August). Organizational error management climate: On enhanced error handling and organizational performance. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Conference, San Diego, CA.
47. VandeWalle, D., Brown, S. P., Cron, W. L., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. (1999). The influence of goal orientation and self-regulation tactics on sales performance: A longitudinal field test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 249-259.