The low-temperature initial oxidation stages of Cu(100) investigated by in situ ultra-high-vacuum transmission electron microscopy

Journal of Materials Research

Volumn 20, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 1910-1917

  Sun, L ^a   Yang, J C ^a  

^a PA 15260   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIFFUSION; NUCLEATION; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ULTRAHIGH VACUUM;

OXIDATION TEMPERATURES; SURFACE DIFFUSION; ULTRA HIGH VACUUM TEM;

COPPER;

EID: 29044434988     PISSN: 08842914     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1557/JMR.2005.0236     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. N. Carbera and N.F. Mott: Theory of the oxidation of metals. Rep. Prog. Phys. 12, 163 (1948).
2. F. Besenbacner and J.K. Norskov: Oxygen chemisorption on metal surfaces: General trends for Cu, Ni and Ag. Prog. Surf Sci. 44, 5 (1993).
3. K. Tanaka, T. Fujita, and Y. Okawa: Oxygen induced order-disorder reconstrcturing of a Cu(100) surface. Surf Sci. 401, L407 (1998).
4. T. Lederer, D. Arvanitis, and G. Comelli: Adsorption of oxygen on Cu(100): I. Local structure and dynamics for two atomic chemisorption states. Phys. Rev. B 48, 15390 (1993).
5. W.H. Orr: Oxide nucleation and growth. Ph.D. Dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1962.
6. P.H. Holloway and J.B. Hudson: Kinetics of the reaction of oxygen with clean nickel single crystal surface. Surf Sci. 43, 123 (1974).
7. K.R. Lawless and A.T. Gwathmey: The structure of oxide films on different faces of a single crystal of copper. Acta Metall. 4, 153 (1956).
8. F. Young, J. Cathcart, and A. Gwathmey: The rates of oxidation of several faces of a single crystal of copper as determined with elliptically polarized light. Acta Metall. 4, 145 (1956).
9. R.H. Milne and A. Howie: electron microscopy of copper oxidation. Philos. Mag. A 49, 665 (1984).
10. K. Heinemann, D.B. Rao, and D.L. Douglas: Oxide nucleation on thin film of copper during in situ oxidation in a electron microscopy. Oxid. Met. 9, 379 (1975).
11. 2O on Cu (001). Scripta Mater. 38, 1237 (1998).
12. 2O growth on Cu (001) thin film. Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 3522 (1997).
13. 2BO islands during in situ oxidation of Cu(001). Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 241 (2002).
14. 2BO structure by in situ oxidation of Cu(100). Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 106101 (2002).
15. J.A. Venables, G.D.T. Spiller, and M. Hanbuecken: Nucleation and growth of thin film. Rep. Prog. Phys. 47, 399 (1984).
16. G.W. Zhou and J.C. Yang: Initial oxidation of copper (110) film investigated by in situ UHV-TEM. Surf Sci. 531, 359 (2003).
17. M.L. McDonald, J.M. Gibson, and F.C. Unterwaild: Design of an ultrahigh-vacuum specimen environment for high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 700 (1989).
18. S.M. Francis, F.M. Leibsle, S. Haq, N. Xiang, and M. Bowker: Scanning tunnelling microscopy on the 6H SiC(0001) surface. Surf Sci. 315, 284 (1994).
19. J.C. Yang, M. Yeadon, B. Kolasa, and J.M. Gibson: Surface reconstruction and oxide nucleation due to oxygen interaction with Cu(001) observed by in situ ultra-high vacuum transmission electron microscopy. Microsc. Microanal. 4, 334 (1998).
20. J.C. Yang and G.W. Zhou: The surface oxidation kinetics of Cu(100) and (110) thin films visualised by in situ UHV-TEM. J. Corros. Sci. Eng. 6, H054 (2003).
21. P.C. Miller, C.P. Liu, and J.M. Gibson: TEM measurement of strain in coherent quantum heterostructures. Ultramicroscopy 84, 225 (2000).
22. P.C. Miller, C.P. Liu, W.L. Henstrom, J.M. Gibson, Y. Huang, P. Zhang, T.I. Kamins, D.P. Basile, and R.S. Williams: Direct measurement of strain in a Ge island on Si (001). Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 46 (1999).
23. M.A. Hirsch, A. Howie, R. Nicholson, D.W. Pashley, and M.J. Whelan: Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals (Butterworths, London, U.K., 1967).
24. J.G. Tobin, L.E. Klebanoff, D.H. Rosenblatt, and R.F. Davis: Normal photoelectron diffraction of O/Cu(001): A surface-structural determination. Phys. Rev. B 26, 7076 (1982).
25. K.W. Jacobsen and J.K. Norskov: Theory of the oxygen-induced reconstructing of Cu(110) and C (100) surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1788 (1990).
26. F. Jensen, F. Besenbacher, E. Laegsgaard, and I. Stensgaard: Dynamics of oxygen-induced reconstruction of Cu(100) studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Phys. Rev. B 42, 9206 (1990).
27. I.K. Robinson and E. Vlieg: Oxygen-induced niissing-row reconstruction of Cu(001) and Cu(001): Vicinal surface. Phys. Rev. B 42, 6954 (1990).
28. D.J. Coulmann, J. Wintterlin, R.J. Behm, and G. Ertl: Novel mechanism for the formation of chemisorption phase: The (2 × 1)O-Cu(110) added-row reconstruction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 1761 (1990).
29. K. Tanaka, T. Fujita, and Y. Okawa: Oxygen induced order-disorder reconstructing of a Cu(100) surface. Surf Sci. 401, L407 (1998).
30. F.M. Leibsle: STM studies of oxygen-induced structures and nitrogen coadsorption on the Cu(100) surface: Evidence for a one-dimensional oxygen reconstruction and reconstruction interactions. Surf Sci. 337, 51 (1998).
31. 2BO oxide morphology created by oxidation of Cu(001) as investigated by in situ UHV TEM. Appl. Phys. Lett. 210, 165 (2003).
32. E. Peney, P. Kratzer, and M. Scheffler: Effect of strain on surface diffusion in semiconductor heteroepitaxy. Phys. Rev. B 64, 5401 (2001).
33. 2O film grown by chemical vapor deposition on MgO (110). J. Mater. Res. 16, 2408 (2001).
34. R.C. Weast: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61st ed. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1981), pp. F-4 5.