메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 89, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 407-425

Personality profiles of cultures: Aggregate personality traits

(81)  McCrae, Robert R a   Terracciano, Antonio a   Leibovich, Nora B b   Schmidt, V b   Shakespeare Finch, Jane c,d   Neubauer, Aljoscha e   De Fruyt, Filip f   Munyae, Margaret g   Flores Mendoza, Carmen h   Dahourou, Donatien i   Ayearst, Lindsay E j   Trobst, Krista K j   Alcalay, Lidia k   Simonetti, Franco k   Bratko, Denis l   Marušić, Iris m   Høřbíčková, Martina n   Lykke Mortensen, Erik o   Henrik Jensen, Hans o   Allik, Jüri p   more..


Author keywords

Cross cultural; Culture level analyses; Five factor model; Personality

Indexed keywords


EID: 27744605535     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.89.3.407     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (582)

References (82)
  • 1
    • 27744490910 scopus 로고
    • Konsep malu dan segan orang Melayu
    • A. H. Othman (Ed.). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
    • Abdullah, M. M. (1993). Konsep malu dan segan orang Melayu [Self-consciousness and the shame concept in Malay people]. In A. H. Othman (Ed.), Psikologi Melayu (pp. 244-294). Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
    • (1993) Psikologi Melayu , pp. 244-294
    • Abdullah, M.M.1
  • 2
    • 0023300346 scopus 로고
    • Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity
    • Achenbach, T. M., McConaughy, S. H., & Howell, C. T. (1987). Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: Implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 213-232.
    • (1987) Psychological Bulletin , vol.101 , pp. 213-232
    • Achenbach, T.M.1    McConaughy, S.H.2    Howell, C.T.3
  • 3
    • 0344794817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A five-factor theory perspective
    • R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • Allik, J., & McCrae, R. R. (2002). A five-factor theory perspective. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The five-factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 303-322). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
    • (2002) The Five-factor Model of Personality Across Cultures , pp. 303-322
    • Allik, J.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 4
    • 0346125297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures
    • Allik, J., & McCrae, R. R. (2004). Toward a geography of personality traits: Patterns of profiles across 36 cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 13-28.
    • (2004) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 13-28
    • Allik, J.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 5
    • 0036986634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct
    • American Psychological Association. (2002). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct. American Psychologist, 57, 1060-1073.
    • (2002) American Psychologist , vol.57 , pp. 1060-1073
  • 6
    • 12344297536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genes, race, and psychology in the genome era
    • Anderson, N. B., & Nickerson, K. J. (Eds.). (2005). Genes, race, and psychology in the genome era [Special issue]. American Psychologist, 60(1).
    • (2005) American Psychologist , vol.60 , Issue.1
    • Anderson, N.B.1    Nickerson, K.J.2
  • 7
    • 0009888742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-cultural variation as another construct of interna-tional management: A study based on secondary data of 42 countries
    • Au, K. Y. (2000). Intra-cultural variation as another construct of interna-tional management: A study based on secondary data of 42 countries. Journal of International Management, 6, 217-238.
    • (2000) Journal of International Management , vol.6 , pp. 217-238
    • Au, K.Y.1
  • 9
    • 0346606830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next?
    • Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 9-30.
    • (2001) International Journal of Selection and Assessment , vol.9 , pp. 9-30
    • Barrick, M.R.1    Mount, M.K.2    Judge, T.A.3
  • 11
    • 0041374634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decomposing a sense of superiority: The differential social impact of self-regard and regard-for-others
    • Bond, M. H., Kwan, V. S. Y., & Li, C. (2000). Decomposing a sense of superiority: The differential social impact of self-regard and regard-for-others. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 537-553.
    • (2000) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.34 , pp. 537-553
    • Bond, M.H.1    Kwan, V.S.Y.2    Li, C.3
  • 12
    • 0036017363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The five-factor model in the Philippines: Investigating trait structure and levels across cultures
    • R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • Church, A. T., & Katigbak, M. S. (2002). The five-factor model in the Philippines: Investigating trait structure and levels across cultures. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The five-factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 129-154). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
    • (2002) The Five-factor Model of Personality Across Cultures , pp. 129-154
    • Church, A.T.1    Katigbak, M.S.2
  • 15
    • 0001321190 scopus 로고
    • Facet scales for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory
    • Costa, P. T., Jr., McCrae, R. R., & Dye, D. A. (1991). Facet scales for Agreeableness and Conscientiousness: A revision of the NEO Personality Inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 887-898.
    • (1991) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.12 , pp. 887-898
    • Costa Jr., P.T.1    McCrae, R.R.2    Dye, D.A.3
  • 18
    • 0037926197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture, meaning, and personality in Mexico and in the United States
    • Y.-T. Lee, C. R. McCauley, & J. G. Draguns (Eds.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Diaz-Loving, R., & Draguns, J. G. (1999). Culture, meaning, and personality in Mexico and in the United States. In Y.-T. Lee, C. R. McCauley, & J. G. Draguns (Eds.), Personality and person perception across cultures (pp. 103-126). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1999) Personality and Person Perception Across Cultures , pp. 103-126
    • Diaz-Loving, R.1    Draguns, J.G.2
  • 20
    • 11944254274 scopus 로고
    • Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model
    • Digman, J. M. (1990). Personality structure: Emergence of the five-factor model. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 417-440.
    • (1990) Annual Review of Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 417-440
    • Digman, J.M.1
  • 21
    • 0009092678 scopus 로고
    • Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
    • Du Bois, C. (1944). The people of Alor. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
    • (1944) The People of Alor
    • Du Bois, C.1
  • 23
    • 84965451264 scopus 로고
    • An ecocultural taxonomy for cross-cultural psychology
    • Georgas, J., & Berry, J. W. (1995). An ecocultural taxonomy for cross-cultural psychology. Cross-Cultural Research, 29, 121-157.
    • (1995) Cross-Cultural Research , vol.29 , pp. 121-157
    • Georgas, J.1    Berry, J.W.2
  • 24
    • 77957718452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-factor model and the NEO-PI-R in Turkey
    • R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • G̈lgöz, S. (2002). Five-factor model and the NEO-PI-R in Turkey. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The five-factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 167-188). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
    • (2002) The Five-factor Model of Personality Across Cultures , pp. 167-188
    • G̈lgöz, S.1
  • 27
    • 1642537570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture
    • Hofstede, G., & McCrae, R. R. (2004). Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture. Cross-Cultural Research, 38, 52-88.
    • (2004) Cross-Cultural Research , vol.38 , pp. 52-88
    • Hofstede, G.1    McCrae, R.R.2
  • 28
    • 0031502248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying cultural differences in items and traits: Differential item functioning in the NEO Personality Inventory
    • Huang, C. D., Church, A. T., & Katigbak, M. S. (1997). Identifying cultural differences in items and traits: Differential item functioning in the NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 192-218.
    • (1997) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 192-218
    • Huang, C.D.1    Church, A.T.2    Katigbak, M.S.3
  • 31
    • 33645655932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualism, autonomy, self-expression and human development
    • H. Vinken, J. Soeters, & P. Ester (Eds.). Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill
    • Inglehart, R., & Oyserman, D. (in press). Individualism, autonomy, self-expression and human development. In H. Vinken, J. Soeters, & P. Ester (Eds.), Comparing cultures: Dimensions of culture in a comparative perspective. Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill.
    • Comparing Cultures: Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative Perspective
    • Inglehart, R.1    Oyserman, D.2
  • 34
    • 84970096247 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of in-group and out-group perceptions of heterogeneity: An investigation of Sino-American stereotypes
    • Lee, Y. T., & Ottati, V. (1993). Determinants of in-group and out-group perceptions of heterogeneity: An investigation of Sino-American stereotypes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 24, 298-318.
    • (1993) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.24 , pp. 298-318
    • Lee, Y.T.1    Ottati, V.2
  • 35
    • 4344657213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social axioms: A model for social beliefs in multi-cultural perspective
    • Leung, K., & Bond, M. H. (2004). Social axioms: A model for social beliefs in multi-cultural perspective. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 36, 119-197.
    • (2004) Advances in Experimental Social Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 119-197
    • Leung, K.1    Bond, M.H.2
  • 36
    • 27744533301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The five-factor model of personality: Measurement and correlates in the Indian context
    • R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • Lodhi, P. H., Deo, S., & Belhekar, V. M. (2002). The five-factor model of personality: Measurement and correlates in the Indian context. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The five-factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 227-248). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
    • (2002) The Five-factor Model of Personality Across Cultures , pp. 227-248
    • Lodhi, P.H.1    Deo, S.2    Belhekar, V.M.3
  • 37
    • 0000387493 scopus 로고
    • National differences for thirty-seven nations in extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and economic, demographic and other correlates
    • Lynn, R., & Martin, T. (1995). National differences for thirty-seven nations in extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and economic, demographic and other correlates. Personality and Individual Differences, 19, 403-406.
    • (1995) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.19 , pp. 403-406
    • Lynn, R.1    Martin, T.2
  • 38
    • 12044258070 scopus 로고
    • Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation
    • Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
    • (1991) Psychological Review , vol.98 , pp. 224-253
    • Markus, H.R.1    Kitayama, S.2
  • 39
    • 0000851125 scopus 로고
    • Consensual validation of personality traits: Evidence from self-reports and ratings
    • McCrae, R. R. (1982). Consensual validation of personality traits: Evidence from self-reports and ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 293-303.
    • (1982) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 293-303
    • McCrae, R.R.1
  • 40
    • 51749109838 scopus 로고
    • Agreement of personality profiles across observers
    • McCrae, R. R. (1993). Agreement of personality profiles across observers. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 28, 13-28.
    • (1993) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.28 , pp. 13-28
    • McCrae, R.R.1
  • 41
    • 84977005250 scopus 로고
    • The counterpoint of personality assessment: Self-reports and observer ratings
    • McCrae, R. R. (1994). The counterpoint of personality assessment: Self-reports and observer ratings. Assessment, 1, 159-172.
    • (1994) Assessment , vol.1 , pp. 159-172
    • McCrae, R.R.1
  • 42
    • 0035656287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trait psychology and culture: Exploring intercultural comparisons
    • McCrae, R. R. (2001). Trait psychology and culture: Exploring intercultural comparisons. Journal of Personality, 69, 819-846.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality , vol.69 , pp. 819-846
    • McCrae, R.R.1
  • 43
    • 0348012662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NEO-PI-R data from 36 cultures: Further intercultural comparisons
    • R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • McCrae, R. R. (2002). NEO-PI-R data from 36 cultures: Further intercultural comparisons. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The five-factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 105-125). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
    • (2002) The Five-factor Model of Personality Across Cultures , pp. 105-125
    • McCrae, R.R.1
  • 44
    • 1242299733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human nature and culture: A trait perspective
    • McCrae, R. R. (2004). Human nature and culture: A trait perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 3-14.
    • (2004) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.38 , pp. 3-14
    • McCrae, R.R.1
  • 45
  • 47
    • 0000019857 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of EPI and Psychoticism scales with measures of the five-factor model of personality
    • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1985). Comparison of EPI and Psychoticism scales with measures of the five-factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 587-597.
    • (1985) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.6 , pp. 587-597
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Costa Jr., P.T.2
  • 51
    • 0037860384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acquiescence on personality factor structures
    • R. Riemann, F. Ostendorf, & F. Spinath (Eds.). Berlin, Germany: Pabst Science
    • McCrae, R. R., Herbst, J. H., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2001). Effects of acquiescence on personality factor structures. In R. Riemann, F. Ostendorf, & F. Spinath (Eds.), Personality and temperament: Genetics, evolution, and structure (pp. 217-231). Berlin, Germany: Pabst Science.
    • (2001) Personality and Temperament: Genetics, Evolution, and Structure , pp. 217-231
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Herbst, J.H.2    Costa Jr., P.T.3
  • 52
    • 0035430364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sources of structure: Genetic, environmental, and artifactual influences on the covariation of personality traits
    • McCrae, R. R., Jang, K. L., Livesley, W. J., Riemann, R., & Angleitner, A. (2001). Sources of structure: Genetic, environmental, and artifactual influences on the covariation of personality traits. Journal of Personality, 69, 511-535.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality , vol.69 , pp. 511-535
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Jang, K.L.2    Livesley, W.J.3    Riemann, R.4    Angleitner, A.5
  • 53
    • 85069330960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age trends and age norms for the NEO Personality Inventory-3 in adolescents and adults
    • McCrae, R. R., Martin, T. A., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (in press). Age trends and age norms for the NEO Personality Inventory-3 in adolescents and adults. Assessment.
    • Assessment
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Martin, T.A.2    Costa Jr., P.T.3
  • 54
    • 78650424017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dolce far niente: The positive psychology of personality stability and invariance
    • A. Ong & M. van Dulmen (Eds.). New York: Oxford University Press
    • McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., & Khoury, B. (in press). Dolce far niente: The positive psychology of personality stability and invariance. In A. Ong & M. van Dulmen (Eds.), Handbook of methods in positive psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • Handbook of Methods in Positive Psychology
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Terracciano, A.2    Khoury, B.3
  • 55
    • 14744276659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: Data from 50 cultures
    • McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., & 78 Members of the Personality Profiles of Cultures Project. (2005). Universal features of personality traits from the observer's perspective: Data from 50 cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 547-561.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.88 , pp. 547-561
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Terracciano, A.2
  • 56
    • 0032043393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpreting personality profiles across cultures: Bilingual, acculturation, and peer rating studies of Chinese undergraduates
    • McCrae, R. R., Yik, M. S. M., Trapnell, P. D., Bond, M. H., & Paulhus, D. L. (1998). Interpreting personality profiles across cultures: Bilingual, acculturation, and peer rating studies of Chinese undergraduates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1041-1055.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 1041-1055
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Yik, M.S.M.2    Trapnell, P.D.3    Bond, M.H.4    Paulhus, D.L.5
  • 57
    • 0030544053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating replicability of factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Confirmatory factor analysis versus Procrustes rotation
    • McCrae, R. R., Zonderman, A. B., Costa, P. T., Jr., Bond, M. H., & Paunonen, S. V. (1996). Evaluating replicability of factors in the Revised NEO Personality Inventory: Confirmatory factor analysis versus Procrustes rotation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 552-566.
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.70 , pp. 552-566
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Zonderman, A.B.2    Costa Jr., P.T.3    Bond, M.H.4    Paunonen, S.V.5
  • 58
    • 4544324102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five-factor model prototypes for personality disorders: The utility of self-reports and observer ratings
    • Miller, J. D., Pilkonis, P. A., & Morse, J. Q. (2004). Five-factor model prototypes for personality disorders: The utility of self-reports and observer ratings. Assessment, 11, 127-138.
    • (2004) Assessment , vol.11 , pp. 127-138
    • Miller, J.D.1    Pilkonis, P.A.2    Morse, J.Q.3
  • 59
    • 0036301361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The representation of Borderline, Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Schizotypal personality disorders by the five-factor model of personality
    • Morey, L. C., Gunderson, J., Quigley, B. D., Shea, M. T., Skodol, A. E., McGlashan, T. H., et al. (2002). The representation of Borderline, Avoidant, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Schizotypal personality disorders by the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality Disorders, 16, 215-234.
    • (2002) Journal of Personality Disorders , vol.16 , pp. 215-234
    • Morey, L.C.1    Gunderson, J.2    Quigley, B.D.3    Shea, M.T.4    Skodol, A.E.5    McGlashan, T.H.6
  • 60
    • 85047681924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition
    • Nisbett, R. E., Peng, K., Choi, I., & Norenzayan, A. (2001). Culture and systems of thought: Holistic versus analytic cognition. Psychological Review, 108, 291-310.
    • (2001) Psychological Review , vol.108 , pp. 291-310
    • Nisbett, R.E.1    Peng, K.2    Choi, I.3    Norenzayan, A.4
  • 62
  • 65
    • 1242296516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural equivalence of the Big Five: A tentative interpretation of the evidence
    • R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • Poortinga, Y. H., van de Vijver, F., & van Hemert, D. A. (2002). Cross-cultural equivalence of the Big Five: A tentative interpretation of the evidence. In R. R. McCrae & J. Allik (Eds.), The five-factor model of personality across cultures (pp. 273-294). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
    • (2002) The Five-Factor Model of Personality Across Cultures , pp. 273-294
    • Poortinga, Y.H.1    Van De Vijver, F.2    Van Hemert, D.A.3
  • 66
    • 84977052463 scopus 로고
    • IRT-based internal measures of differential functioning of items and tests
    • Raju, N. S., van der Linden, W., & Fleer, P. F. (1995). IRT-based internal measures of differential functioning of items and tests. Applied Psychological Measurement, 19, 353-368.
    • (1995) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.19 , pp. 353-368
    • Raju, N.S.1    Van Der Linden, W.2    Fleer, P.F.3
  • 68
    • 14544294895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and mean level analyses of the five-factor model and Locus of Control: Further evidence from Africa
    • Rossier, J., Dahourou, D., & McCrae, R. R. (2005). Structural and mean level analyses of the five-factor model and Locus of Control: Further evidence from Africa. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 36, 227-246.
    • (2005) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.36 , pp. 227-246
    • Rossier, J.1    Dahourou, D.2    McCrae, R.R.3
  • 69
    • 0013994747 scopus 로고
    • Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement
    • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1).
    • (1966) Psychological Monographs , vol.80 , Issue.1
    • Rotter, J.B.1
  • 70
    • 0001937917 scopus 로고
    • Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values
    • U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
    • Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Beyond individualism/collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H. C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S.-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method, and applications (pp. 85-119). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • (1994) Individualism and Collectivism: Theory, Method, and Applications , pp. 85-119
    • Schwartz, S.H.1
  • 71
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability
    • Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420-428.
    • (1979) Psychological Bulletin , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 72
    • 0348017054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquiescent response bias as an aspect of cross-cultural communication style
    • Smith, P. B. (2004). Acquiescent response bias as an aspect of cross-cultural communication style. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 50-61.
    • (2004) Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology , vol.35 , pp. 50-61
    • Smith, P.B.1
  • 74
    • 84991145187 scopus 로고
    • The Rotter Locus of Control scale in 43 countries: A test of cultural relativity
    • Smith, P. B., Trompenaars, F., & Dugan, S. (1995). The Rotter Locus of Control scale in 43 countries: A test of cultural relativity. International Journal of Psychology, 30, 377-400.
    • (1995) International Journal of Psychology , vol.30 , pp. 377-400
    • Smith, P.B.1    Trompenaars, F.2    Dugan, S.3
  • 79
    • 0002472871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth cohort changes in extraversion: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1966-1993
    • Twenge, J. M. (2001). Birth cohort changes in extraversion: A cross-temporal meta-analysis, 1966-1993. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 735-748.
    • (2001) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.30 , pp. 735-748
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 80
    • 0000196527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods and data analysis of comparative research
    • J. W. Berry, Y. H. Poortinga, & J. Pandey (Eds.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon
    • van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. (1997). Methods and data analysis of comparative research. In J. W. Berry, Y. H. Poortinga, & J. Pandey (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Vol. 1. Theory and method (pp. 257-300). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
    • (1997) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 1. Theory and Method , vol.1 , pp. 257-300
    • Vijver, F.J.R.1    Leung, K.2
  • 82
    • 0021530059 scopus 로고
    • Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states
    • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984). Negative affectivity: The disposition to experience aversive emotional states. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 465-490.
    • (1984) Psychological Bulletin , vol.96 , pp. 465-490
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.