Possible side reactions due to water in emulsion polymerization by late transition metal complexes. 1. Water complexation and hydrolysis of the growing chain

Inorganic Chemistry

Volumn 44, Issue 22, 2005, Pages 7806-7818

  Hristov, Iordan H ^a   DeKock, Roger L ^b   Anderson, Grant D W ^a   Göttker Schnetmann, Inigo ^c   Mecking, Stefan ^c   Ziegler, Tom ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b CALVIN COLLEGE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KONSTANZ   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 27744489014     PISSN: 00201669     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ic050501r     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. (a) Lovell, P. A.; El-Aasser, M. S. Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers; Wiley: Chichester, 1997.
2. (b) Wäßrige Polymerdispersionen; Distler, D., Ed.; VCH: Weinheim, 1999.
3. (c) Lagaly, G.; Schulz, O.; Zimehl, R. Dispersionen und Emulsionen; Steinkopff: Darmstadt, 1997.
4. (d) Fitch, R. M. Polymer Colloids: a Comprehensive Introduction; Academic Press: San Diego, 1997.
5. Fink, G.; Mülhaupt, R.; Brintzinger, H. H. Ziegler Catalysts; Springer: Berlin, 1995.
6. (a) Ziegler Catalysts; Fink, G., Mülhaupt, R., Brintzinger, H. H., Eds.; Springer: Berlin, 1995.
7. (b) Brintzinger, H. H.; Fischer, D.; Mülhaupt, R.; Rieger, B.; Waymouth, R. Angew. Chem. 1995, 107, 1255;
8. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1143.
9. (c) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C.; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem. 1999, 111, 448;
10. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 428.
11. (d) Kaminsky, W.; Arndt, M. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1997, 127, 143.
12. Reppe, W.; Magin, A. U.S. Patent 2,577,208, 1948.
13. (a) Held, A.; Bauers, F. M.; Mecking, S. Chem. Commun. 2000, 301.
14. (b) Held, A.; Mecking, S. Chem. - Eur. J. 2000, 6, 4623.
15. (c) Bauers, F. M.; Mecking, S. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 1165.
16. (d) Bauers, F. M.; Mecking, S. Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 3112;
17. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3020.
18. (e) Bauers, F. M.; Chowdhry, M. M.; Mecking, S. Macromolecules 2003, 36, 6711.
19. (f) Bauers, F. M.; Thomann, R.; Mecking, S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 8838.
20. (g) Zuideveld, M. A.; Wehrmann, P.; Röhr, C.; Mecking, S. Angew. Chem. 2004, 116, 887;
21. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2004, 43, 869.
22. (a) Tomov, A.; Broyer, J.-P.; Spitz, R. Macromol. Symp. 2000, 150, 53.
23. (b) Soula, R.; Novat, C.; Tomov, A.; Spitz, R.; Claverie, J.; Drujon, X.; Malinge, J.; Saudemont, T. Macromolecules 2001, 34, 2022.
24. (c) Soula, R.; Saillard, B.; Spitz, R.; Claverie, J.; Llaurro, M. F.; Monnet, C. Macromolecules 2002, 35, 1513.
25. For a very slow (1 turnover/day) Rh-catalyzed reaction of ethylene to low-molecular-weight material, cf. Wang, L.; Lu, R. S.; Bau, R.; Flood, T. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc 1993, 115, 6999.
26. (a) Wang, C.; Friedrich, S.; Younkin, T. R.; Li, R. T.; Grubbs, R. H.; Bansleben, D. A.; Day, M. W. Organometallics 1998, 17, 3149.
27. (b) Younkin, T. R.; Connor, E. F.; Henderson, J. I.; Friedrich, S. K.; Grubbs, R. H.; Bansleben, D. A. Science 2000, 287, 460.
28. (c) Connor, E. F.; Younkin, T. R.; Henderson, J. I.;Waltman, A. W.; Grubbs, R. H. Chem. Commun. 2003, 2272.
29. (d) Johnson, L. K.; Bennett, A. M. A.; Ittel, S. D.; Wang, L.; Parthasarathy, A.; Hauptman, E.; Simpson, R. D.; Feldman, J.; Coughlin, E. B. (DuPont) WO98/30609, 1998.
30. Johnson, L. K.; Killian, C. M.; Brookhart, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 6414.
31. (a) Keim, W.; Kowaldt, F. H.; Goddard, R.; Krueger, C. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1978, 17, 466;
32. Angew. Chem. 1978, 90, 493.
33. (b) Klabunde, U.; Ittel, S. D. J. Mol. Catal. 1987, 41, 123.
34. (c) Ostoja-Starzewski, K. A.; Witte, J. Angew. Chem. 1987, 99, 76;
35. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1987, 26, 63.
36. (a) Woo, T. K.; Margl, P. M.; Deng, L.; Cavallo, L.; Ziegler, T. Catal. Today 1999, 50, 479
37. (b) Michalak, A.; Ziegler, T. Organometallics 2003, 22, 2069.
38. (c) Deng, L.; Woo, T. K.; Cavallo, L.; Margl, P. M.; Ziegler, T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 6177.
39. (d) Michalak, A.; Ziegler, T. Organometallics 2001, 20, 1521.
40. (e) Deubel, D.; Ziegler, T. Organometallics 2002, 21, 1603.
41. (f) Milano, G.; Guerra, G.; Pellecchia, C.; Cavallo, L. Organometallics 2000, 19, 1343.
42. (g) Svensson, M.; Matsubara, T.; Morokuma, K. Organometallics 1996, 15, 5568.
43. (h) Chan, M. S. W.; Deng, L.; Ziegler, T. Organometallics 2000, 19, 2741.
44. (a) Biswas, B.; Sugimoto, M.; Sakaki, S. Organometallics 2000, 19, 3895.
45. (b) Fang, X.; Scott, B. L.; Watkin, J. G.; Kubas, G. J. Organometallics 2000, 19, 4193.
46. (c) Tempel, D. J.; Johnson, L. K.; Huff, R. L.; White, P. S.; Brookhart, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 6686.
47. (a)Siegbahn, P. E. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5409.
48. (b) Siegbahn, P. E. M. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100, 14762.
49. DeKock, R. L.; Hristov, I. H.; Anderson, G. D. W.; Gottker-Schnetmann, I.; Mecking, S.; Ziegler, T. Organometallics 2005, 24, 2679.
50. Amsterdam Density Functional program. Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands: www.scm.com.
51. Baerends, E. J.; Ellis, D. E.; Ros, P. Chem. Phys. 1973, 2, 41.
52. Ravenek, W. In Algorithms and Applications on Vector and Parallel Computers; te Riele, H. J. J., Dekker, T. J., van de Horst, H. A., Eds.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 1987.
53. Boerrigter, P. M.; Velde, G. T.; Baerends, E. J. Int. J. Quantum Chem. 1988, 33, 87.
54. Versluis, L.; Ziegler, T. J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 88, 322.
55. Vosko, S. H.; Wilk, L.; Nusair, M. Can. J. Phys. 1980, 58, 1200.
56. Perdew, J. P.; Wang, Y. Phys. Rev. B 1986, 33, 8800.
57. Snijders, J. G.; Baerends, E. J.; Ros, P. Mol. Phys. 1979, 38, 1909.
58. Klamt, A.; Schuurmann, G. J. Chem. Soc.-Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 5, 799.
59. (a) Pye, C. C.; Ziegler, T. Theor. Chem. Acc. 1999, 101, 396.
60. (b) Velde, G. T.; Bickelhaupt, F. M.; Baerends, E. J.; Guerra, C. F.; Van Gisbergen, S. J. A.; Snijders, J. G.; Ziegler, T. J. Comput. Chem. 2001, 22, 931.
61. Marcus, Y. J. Chem. Soc.-Faraday Trans. 1991, 87, 2995.
62. (a) Banerjee, A.; Adams, N.; Simons, J.; Shepard, R. J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 52.
63. (b) Fan, L.; Ziegler, T. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 92, 3645.
64. (a) Woo, T. K.; Cavallo, L.; Ziegler, T. Theor. Chem. Acc. 1998, 100, 307.
65. (b) Reference 11a.
66. Cornell, W. D.; Cieplak, P.; Bayly, C. I.; Gould, I. R.; Merz, K. M.; Ferguson, D. M.; Spellmeyer, D. C.; Fox, T.; Caldwell, J. W.; Kollman, P. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5179.
67. (a) Reference 27a.
68. (b) Woo, T. K. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Calgary, Canada, 1998.
69. Stromberg, S.; Svensson, M.; Zetterberg, K. Organometallics 1997, 16, 3165.
70. Woo, T. K.; Blochl, P. E.; Ziegler, T. J. Phys. Chem. A 2000, 104, 121.
71. Svejda, S. A.; Johnson, L. K.; Brookhart, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10634.
72. DeKock, R. L.; Hristov, I. H.; Andersen, G. D. W.; Göttker- Schnetmann, I.; Mecking, S.; Ziegler, T. Organometallics 2005, 24, 2679-2687.
73. 2Ni; however, the quality of the crystals was poor.
74. Biswas, B.; Sugimoto, M.; Sakaki, S. Organometallics 2000, 19, 3895.
75. (a) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Keim, W.; Mecking, S.; Sainz, D.; Wagner, T.; Hemilabile P, O-Ligands in Palladium Catalysed C-C Linkages, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 1632.
76. (b) Drent, E.; van Dijk, R.; van Ginkel, R.; van Oort, B.; Pugh, R. I. Chem. Commun. 2002, 964.
77. Olsen, L.; Antony, J.; Ryde, U.; Adolph, H. W.; Hemmingsen, L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 2366.
78. Tu, C. K.; Rowlett, R. S.; Tripp, B. C.; Ferry, J. G.; Silverman, D. N. Biochemistry 2002, 41, 15429.
79. Rao, B. G.; Singh, U. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 6735.
80. Cummins, P. L.; Gready, J. E. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3418.
81. Tse, J. S. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2002, 53, 249.
82. Lee, S. H. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2001, 22, 847.
83. Marx, D.; Tuckerman, M. E.: Hutter, J.; Parrinello, J. Nature 1999, 397, 601.
84. Mecking, S.; Johnson, L. K.; Wang, L.; Brookhart, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 888.
85. Michalak, A.; Ziegler, T. Organometallics 2003, 22, 2069.
86. Moullet, B.; Zwahlen, C.; Frey, U.; Gervasio, G.; Merbach, A. E. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1997, 261, 67.
87. Hallinan, N.; Besancon, V.; Forster, M.; Elbaze, G.; Ducommun, Y.; Merbach, A. E. Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 1112.
88. Helm, L.; Elding, L. I.; Merbach, A. E. Helv. Chim. Acta 1984, 67, 1453.