Modern emergent stroke imaging: Pearls, protocols, and pitfalls

Radiologic Clinics of North America

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 41-62

  Mullins, Mark E ^a,b,c  

^a MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c GRB 285 ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST MEDIUM; GADOLINIUM;

ACUTE DISEASE; ALLERGIC REACTION; ANAMNESIS; ANTICOAGULATION; ARTERY DISSECTION; ARTERY EMBOLISM; ARTERY OCCLUSION; ARTICLE; BLOOD ANALYSIS; BLOOD CLOT LYSIS; BRAIN INFARCTION; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CONVENTIONAL ANGIOGRAPHY; DIFFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; KIDNEY FAILURE; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; MOTIVATION; NECK; NEUROIMAGING; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PERFUSION WEIGHTED IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STROKE; VASCULITIS;

EID: 27744448211     PISSN: 00338389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2005.08.002     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. K.D. Vo, W. Lin, and J.M. Lee Evidence-based neuroimaging in acute ischemic stroke Neuroimaging Clin N Am 13 2003 167 183
2. J. Broderick, T. Brott, and R. Kothari The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study: preliminary first-ever and total incidence rates of stroke among blacks Stroke 29 1998 415 421
3. G.R. Williams Incidence and characteristics of total stroke in the United States BMC Neurol 1 2001 2
4. I. Grunwald, and W. Reith Non-traumatic neurological emergencies: imaging of cerebral ischemia Eur Radiol 12 2002 1632 1647
5. G.W. Albers, P. Amarenco, and J.D. Easton Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for ischemic stroke: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy Chest 126 2004 483S 512S
6. J. Rother CT and MRI in the diagnosis of acute stroke and their role in thrombolysis Thromb Res 103 Suppl 1 2001 S125 S133
7. W.C. Burnette, G.M. Nesbit, and S.L. Barnwell Intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute stroke Neuroimaging Clin N Am 9 1999 491 508
8. H.R. Jager Diagnosis of stroke with advanced CT and MR imaging Br Med Bull 56 2000 318 333
9. T.J. Tegos, E. Kalodiki, and M.M. Sabetai Stroke: pathogenesis, investigations, and prognosis-Part II of III Angiology 51 2000 885 894
10. C.S. Kidwell, J.P. Villablanca, and J.L. Saver Advances in neuroimaging of acute stroke Curr Atheroscler Rep 2 2000 126 135
11. M.H. Lev, and S.J. Nichols Computed tomographic angiography and computed tomographic perfusion imaging of hyperacute stroke Top Magn Reson Imaging 11 2000 273 287
12. W.C. Burnette, and G.M. Nesbit Intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke Eur Radiol 11 2001 626 634
13. M.H. Lev, A.Z. Segal, and J. Farkas Utility of perfusion-weighted CT imaging in acute middle cerebral artery stroke treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis: prediction of final infarct volume and clinical outcome Stroke 32 2001 2021 2028
14. M.H. Lev, J. Farkas, and V.R. Rodriguez CT angiography in the rapid triage of patients with hyperacute stroke to intraarterial thrombolysis: accuracy in the detection of large vessel thrombus J Comput Assist Tomogr 25 2001 520 528
15. S. Warach New imaging strategies for patient selection for thrombolytic and neuroprotective therapies Neurology 57 2001 S48 S52
16. P. Laloux Intravenous rtPA thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke Acta Neurol Belg 101 2001 88 95
17. J.L. Sunshine, N. Bambakidis, and R.W. Tarr Benefits of perfusion MR imaging relative to diffusion MR imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of hyperacute stroke AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 2001 915 921
18. L.D. McCullough, N.B. Beauchamp, and R. Wityk Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke Surv Ophthalmol 45 2001 317 330
19. W.D. Heiss, M. Forsting, and H.C. Diener Imaging in cerebrovascular disease Curr Opin Neurol 14 2001 67 75
20. V. Keris, S. Rudnicka, and V. Vorona Combined intraarterial/intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 2001 352 358
21. P.W. Schaefer, P.E. Grant, and R.G. Gonzalez Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain Radiology 217 2000 331 345
22. P.D. Schellinger, O. Jansen, and J.B. Fiebach Feasibility and practicality of MR imaging of stroke in the management of hyperacute cerebral ischemia AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21 2000 1184 1189
23. R.H. Rosenwasser, and R.A. Armonda Diagnostic imaging for stroke Clin Neurosurg 46 2000 237 260
24. S. Nakano, T. Iseda, and H. Kawano Correlation of early CT signs in the deep middle cerebral artery territories with angiographically confirmed site of arterial occlusion AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 2001 654 659
25. M. Moonis, and M. Fisher Imaging of acute stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 11 2001 143 150
26. B.I. Lee, H.S. Nam, and J.H. Heo Yonsei Stroke Registry: analysis of 1,000 patients with acute cerebral infarctions Cerebrovasc Dis 12 2001 145 151
27. M.M. Kilpatrick, H. Yonas, and S. Goldstein CT-based assessment of acute stroke: CT, CT angiography, and xenon-enhanced CT cerebral blood flow Stroke 32 2001 2543 2549
28. S. Gleason, K.L. Furie, and M.H. Lev Potential influence of acute CT on inpatient costs in patients with ischemic stroke Acad Radiol 8 2001 955 964
29. A.G. Sorensen, F.S. Buonanno, and R.G. Gonzalez Hyperacute stroke: evaluation with combined multisection diffusion-weighted and hemodynamically weighted echo-planar MR imaging Radiology 199 1996 391 401
30. W.C. Shen, and C.C. Lee Computerized tomographic angiography in the evaluation of cerebral infarction Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 62 1999 255 260
31. J. Graf, B. Skutta, and F.P. Kuhn Computed tomographic angiography findings in 103 patients following vascular events in the posterior circulation: potential and clinical relevance J Neurol 247 2000 760 766
32. K.H. Lee, S.J. Cho, and H.S. Byun Triphasic perfusion computed tomography in acute middle cerebral artery stroke: a correlation with angiographic findings Arch Neurol 57 2000 990 999
33. G.J. Hunter, L.M. Hamberg, and J.A. Ponzo Assessment of cerebral perfusion and arterial anatomy in hyperacute stroke with three-dimensional functional CT: early clinical results [see comments] AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19 1998 29 37
34. G. Lieberman, R. Abramson, and K. Volkan Tutor versus computer: a prospective comparison of interactive tutorial and computer-assisted instruction in radiology education Acad Radiol 9 2002 40 49
35. J.H. Burdette, P.E. Ricci, and N. Petitti Cerebral infarction: time course of signal intensity changes on diffusion-weighted MR images AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 1998 791 795
36. C.M. Fisher A career in cerebrovascular disease: a personal account Stroke 32 2001 2719 2724
37. M.E. Mullins, M.H. Lev, and P. Bove Comparison of image quality between conventional and low-dose nonenhanced head CT AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 2004 533 538
38. M.E. Mullins, M.H. Lev, and D. Schellingerhout Influence of availability of clinical history on detection of early stroke using unenhanced CT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging AJR Am J Roentgenol 179 2002 223 228
39. Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group N Engl J Med 333 1995 1581 1587
40. N.J. Beauchamp Jr, P.B. Barker, and P.Y. Wang Imaging of acute cerebral ischemia Radiology 212 1999 307 324
41. A. Furlan, R. Higashida, and L. Wechsler Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT II study: a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism JAMA 282 1999 2003 2011
42. W. Hacke, M. Kaste, and C. Fieschi Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS) JAMA 274 1995 1017 1025
43. J.W. Henson, R.G. Nogueira, and D.J. Covarrubias Gadolinium-enhanced CT angiography of the circle of Willis and neck AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 2004 969 972
44. Mullins M.E., Schaefer P.W., Lev M.L., et al. Intracranial hemorrhage complicating acute stroke in a large emergency department series: How common is it and is screening head CT necessary? In: Proceedings of the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) Annual Meeting. Oak Brook (IL): ASNR; 2001. p. 321-2
45. M.H. Lev, J.M. Romero, and D.N. Goodman Total occlusion versus hairline residual lumen of the internal carotid arteries: accuracy of single section helical CT angiography AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 2003 1123 1129
46. W.W. Lam, N.M. So, and K.S. Wong B0 images obtained from diffusion-weighted echo planar sequences for the detection of intracerebral bleeds J Neuroimaging 13 2003 99 105
47. D.D. Lin, C.G. Filippi, and A.B. Steever Detection of intracranial hemorrhage: comparison between gradient-echo images and b(0) images obtained from diffusion-weighted echo-planar sequences AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22 2001 1275 1281
48. A. Jaillard, M. Hommel, and A.E. Baird Significance of early CT signs in acute stroke: a CT scan-diffusion MRI study Cerebrovasc Dis 13 2002 47 56
49. Y. Ozsunar, P.E. Grant, and T.A. Huisman Evolution of water diffusion and anisotropy in hyperacute stroke: significant correlation between fractional anisotropy and T2 AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 25 2004 699 705
50. E.J. Russell, E.J.C. Angtuaco, and A.D. Elster SET 42: Neuroradiology (second series) test and syllabus 1998 The American College of Radiology Reston (VA)
51. M.H. Lev CT versus MR for acute stroke imaging: is the "obvious" choice necessarily the correct one? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 2003 1930 1931
52. Mullins M.E., Schwamm L., Maqsood M., et al. Assessment of the dense vessel sign on noncontrast head CT I: evaluation of the hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign by CTA. In: Proceedings of the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) annual meeting. Oak Brook (IL): ASNR; 2004. p. 153-4
53. S.P. Kloska, D.G. Nabavi, and C. Gaus Acute stroke assessment with CT: do we need multimodal evaluation? Radiology 233 2004 79 86
54. G.J. Hunter, H.M. Silvennoinen, and L.M. Hamberg Whole-brain CT perfusion measurement of perfused cerebral blood volume in acute ischemic stroke: probability curve for regional infarction Radiology 227 2003 725 730
55. S.B. Coutts, M.H. Lev, and M. Eliasziw ASPECTS on CTA source images versus unenhanced CT: added value in predicting final infarct extent and clinical outcome Stroke 35 2004 2472 2476
56. M.H. Lev, J. Farkas, and J.J. Gemmete Acute stroke: improved nonenhanced CT detection-benefits of soft-copy interpretation by using variable window width and center level settings Radiology 213 1999 150 155
57. A.R. Naylor, P.M. Rothwell, and P.R. Bell Overview of the principal results and secondary analyses from the European and North American randomised trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 26 2003 115 129
58. M. Koenig, E. Klotz, and B. Luka Perfusion CT of the brain: diagnostic approach for early detection of ischemic stroke Radiology 209 1998 85 93
59. P.W. Schaefer, G.J. Hunter, and J. He Predicting cerebral ischemic infarct volume with diffusion and perfusion MR imaging AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23 2002 1785 1794
60. N. Bonaffini, M. Altieri, and A. Rocco Functional neuroimaging in acute stroke Clin Exp Hypertens 24 2002 647 657
61. M. Wintermark, M. Reichhart, and O. Cuisenaire Comparison of admission perfusion computed tomography and qualitative diffusion- and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in acute stroke patients Stroke 33 2002 2025 2031
62. P.W. Schaefer, Y. Ozsunar, and J. He Assessing tissue viability with MR diffusion and perfusion imaging AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 2003 436 443
63. J.D. Eastwood, M.H. Lev, and M. Wintermark Correlation of early dynamic CT perfusion imaging with whole-brain MR diffusion and perfusion imaging in acute hemispheric stroke AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24 2003 1869 1875
64. P.C. Sanelli, M.H. Lev, and J.D. Eastwood The effect of varying user-selected input parameters on quantitative values in CT perfusion maps Acad Radiol 11 2004 1085 1092
65. L.B. Goldstein, M.R. Jones, and D.B. Matchar Improving the reliability of stroke subgroup classification using the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) criteria Stroke 32 2001 1091 1098
66. P.L. Kolominsky-Rabas, M. Weber, and O. Gefeller Epidemiology of ischemic stroke subtypes according to TOAST criteria: incidence, recurrence, and long-term survival in ischemic stroke subtypes: a population-based study Stroke 32 2001 2735 2740
67. R.N. Bryan, L.M. Levy, and W.D. Whitlow Diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction: comparison of CT and MR imaging [see comments] AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 12 1991 611 620
68. P.A. Barber, D.G. Darby, and P.M. Desmond Identification of major ischemic change: diffusion-weighted imaging versus computed tomography Stroke 30 1999 2059 2065
69. M.G. Lansberg, G.W. Albers, and C. Beaulieu Comparison of diffusion-weighted MRI and CT in acute stroke [see comments] Neurology 54 2000 1557 1561
70. J.B. Fiebach, P.D. Schellinger, and O. Jansen CT and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in randomized order: diffusion-weighted imaging results in higher accuracy and lower interrater variability in the diagnosis of hyperacute ischemic stroke Stroke 33 2002 2206 2210
71. K.O. Lovblad Diffusion-weighted MRI: back to the future Stroke 33 2002 2204 2205
72. M.E. Mullins, P.W. Schaefer, and A.G. Sorensen CT and conventional and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in acute stroke: study in 691 patients at presentation to the emergency department Radiology 224 2002 353 360
73. M.E. Mullins, S.P. Cullen, and M.H. Lev Acute infarct detection in a large emergency department series during the year 2000: accuracy of CT angiography (CTA) Radiology 225 P 2002 277
74. N.J. Beauchamp Jr, and R.N. Bryan Acute cerebral ischemic infarction: a pathophysiologic review and radiologic perspective AJR Am J Roentgenol 171 1998 73 84
75. S.L. Keir, and J.M. Wardlaw Systematic review of diffusion and perfusion imaging in acute ischemic stroke Stroke 31 2000 2723 2731
76. J.F. Arenillas, A. Rovira, and C.A. Molina Prediction of early neurological deterioration using diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging in hyperacute middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke Stroke 33 2002 2197 2203
77. B.F. Tomandl, E. Klotz, and R. Handschu Comprehensive imaging of ischemic stroke with multisection CT Radiographics 23 2003 565 592