메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 174-192

Vegetation changes (1995-2004) in semi-arid Karoo shrubland, South Africa: Effects of rainfall, wild herbivores and change in land use

Author keywords

African wild herbivore; Herbivore exclosure; Plant functional type; Protected area; Vegetation monitoring

Indexed keywords

HERBIVORE; LAND USE CHANGE; RAINFALL; RANGELAND; SEMIARID REGION; VEGETATION DYNAMICS;

EID: 27644518941     PISSN: 01401963     EISSN: 1095922X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.04.009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (69)
  • 3
    • 0037616768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of non-selective grazing on cover, composition, and productivity of Nama-karoo grassy shrubland
    • P.C. Beukes, and R.M. Cowling Impacts of non-selective grazing on cover, composition, and productivity of Nama-karoo grassy shrubland African Journal of Range and Forage Science 17 2000 27 35
    • (2000) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.17 , pp. 27-35
    • Beukes, P.C.1    Cowling, R.M.2
  • 4
    • 1242276523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting ecological research in national parks - A South African perspective
    • H.C. Biggs Promoting ecological research in national parks - a South African perspective Ecological Applications 14 1 2004 21 24
    • (2004) Ecological Applications , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-24
    • Biggs, H.C.1
  • 6
    • 0028183567 scopus 로고
    • Climate or overgrazing?: The palynological evidence for vegetation change in the eastern Karoo
    • B. Bousman, and L. Scott Climate or overgrazing?: the palynological evidence for vegetation change in the eastern Karoo South African Journal of Science 90 1994 575 578
    • (1994) South African Journal of Science , vol.90 , pp. 575-578
    • Bousman, B.1    Scott, L.2
  • 7
    • 0041075433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling efficiency for species composition assessment using the wheel-point method in a semi-arid savanna
    • B.H. Brockett Sampling efficiency for species composition assessment using the wheel-point method in a semi-arid savanna African Journal of Range and Forage Science 18 2001 93 101
    • (2001) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.18 , pp. 93-101
    • Brockett, B.H.1
  • 8
    • 0002573891 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations
    • K.P. Burnham, D.R. Anderson, and J. Laake Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations Wildlife Monographs 72 1980 10 202
    • (1980) Wildlife Monographs , vol.72 , pp. 10-202
    • Burnham, K.P.1    Anderson, D.R.2    Laake, J.3
  • 10
    • 0002042570 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of range condition and large herbivore carrying capacity of the Pilanesberg Game Reserve, with guidelines and recommendations for management
    • R.F.J. Collinson, and P.S. Goodman An assessment of range condition and large herbivore carrying capacity of the Pilanesberg Game Reserve, with guidelines and recommendations for management Inkwe 1 1982 1 54
    • (1982) Inkwe , vol.1 , pp. 1-54
    • Collinson, R.F.J.1    Goodman, P.S.2
  • 11
    • 0002766220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant biogeography, endemism and diversity
    • W.R.J. Dean S.J. Milton Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • R.M. Cowling, and C. Hilton-Taylor Plant biogeography, endemism and diversity W.R.J. Dean S.J. Milton The Karoo: Ecological Patterns and Processes 1999 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 42 56
    • (1999) The Karoo: Ecological Patterns and Processes , pp. 42-56
    • Cowling, R.M.1    Hilton-Taylor, C.2
  • 13
    • 0028163924 scopus 로고
    • Historical changes in stocking rates of domestic livestock as a measure of semi-arid and arid rangeland degradation in the Cape Province, South Africa
    • W.R.J. Dean, and I.A.W. Macdonald Historical changes in stocking rates of domestic livestock as a measure of semi-arid and arid rangeland degradation in the Cape Province, South Africa Journal of Arid Environments 26 1994 281 298
    • (1994) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.26 , pp. 281-298
    • Dean, W.R.J.1    MacDonald, I.A.W.2
  • 14
    • 0025946040 scopus 로고
    • Patch disturbances in arid grassy dunes: Antelope, rodents and annual plants
    • W.R.J. Dean, and S.J. Milton Patch disturbances in arid grassy dunes: antelope, rodents and annual plants Journal of Arid Environments 20 1991 231 237
    • (1991) Journal of Arid Environments , vol.20 , pp. 231-237
    • Dean, W.R.J.1    Milton, S.J.2
  • 16
    • 0039202284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research Note: Grazing-index method procedures of vegetation surveys
    • P.C.V. Du Toit Research Note: Grazing-index method procedures of vegetation surveys African Journal of Range and Forage Science 14 3 1997 107 110
    • (1997) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 107-110
    • Du Toit, P.C.V.1
  • 17
    • 0032438705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of grazing and resting treatments on animal performance and vegetation condition in the False Upper karoo at the Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Eastern Cape
    • P.C.V. Du Toit Effects of grazing and resting treatments on animal performance and vegetation condition in the False Upper karoo at the Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Eastern Cape South African Journal of Science 94 1998 507 512
    • (1998) South African Journal of Science , vol.94 , pp. 507-512
    • Du Toit, P.C.V.1
  • 20
    • 0000187169 scopus 로고
    • Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: Alternate paradigms and implications for development
    • J.E. Ellis, and D.M. Swift Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternate paradigms and implications for development Journal of Range Management 41 1988 450 459
    • (1988) Journal of Range Management , vol.41 , pp. 450-459
    • Ellis, J.E.1    Swift, D.M.2
  • 21
    • 0024156468 scopus 로고
    • Range assessment and monitoring in arid lands: The derivation of functional groups to simplify vegetation data
    • M.H. Friedel, G.N. Bastin, and G.F. Griffin Range assessment and monitoring in arid lands: the derivation of functional groups to simplify vegetation data Journal of Environmental Management 27 1988 85 97
    • (1988) Journal of Environmental Management , vol.27 , pp. 85-97
    • Friedel, M.H.1    Bastin, G.N.2    Griffin, G.F.3
  • 22
    • 0034089074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of stocking rate and rainfall on rangeland dynamics and cattle performance in a semi-arid savanna, South Africa
    • R.W.S. Fynn, and T.G. O'Connor Effect of stocking rate and rainfall on rangeland dynamics and cattle performance in a semi-arid savanna, South Africa Journal of Applied Ecology 37 2000 491 507
    • (2000) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.37 , pp. 491-507
    • Fynn, R.W.S.1    O'Connor, T.G.2
  • 23
    • 0008728372 scopus 로고
    • Is the Karoo spreading?
    • M.T. Hoffman Is the Karoo spreading? Veld & Flora 77 1991 4 7
    • (1991) Veld & Flora , vol.77 , pp. 4-7
    • Hoffman, M.T.1
  • 24
    • 0025523709 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation change in the semi-arid eastern Karoo over the last 200 years: An expanding Karoo - Fact or fiction?
    • M.T. Hoffman, and R.M. Cowling Vegetation change in the semi-arid eastern Karoo over the last 200 years: an expanding Karoo - fact or fiction? South African Journal of Science 86 1990 286 294
    • (1990) South African Journal of Science , vol.86 , pp. 286-294
    • Hoffman, M.T.1    Cowling, R.M.2
  • 25
    • 0000796828 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics in the semi-arid eastern Karoo, South Africa: The effect of seasonal rainfall and competition on grass and shrub basal cover
    • M.T. Hoffman, G.D. Barr, and R.M. Cowling Vegetation dynamics in the semi-arid eastern Karoo, South Africa: the effect of seasonal rainfall and competition on grass and shrub basal cover South African Journal of Science 86 1990 462 463
    • (1990) South African Journal of Science , vol.86 , pp. 462-463
    • Hoffman, M.T.1    Barr, G.D.2    Cowling, R.M.3
  • 26
    • 0000797627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical and contemporary land use and the desertification of the Karoo
    • W.R.J. Dean S.J. Milton Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • M.T. Hoffman, B. Cousins, T. Meyer, A. Petersen, and H. Hendricks Historical and contemporary land use and the desertification of the Karoo W.R.J. Dean S.J. Milton The Karoo: Ecological Patterns and Processes 1999 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 257 273
    • (1999) The Karoo: Ecological Patterns and Processes , pp. 257-273
    • Hoffman, M.T.1    Cousins, B.2    Meyer, T.3    Petersen, A.4    Hendricks, H.5
  • 27
    • 0001868103 scopus 로고
    • Theory and application of a method to calculate forage intake of wild southern African ungulates for purposes of estimating carrying capacity
    • H.H. Meissner Theory and application of a method to calculate forage intake of wild southern African ungulates for purposes of estimating carrying capacity South African Journal of Wildlife Research 12 1982 41 47
    • (1982) South African Journal of Wildlife Research , vol.12 , pp. 41-47
    • Meissner, H.H.1
  • 30
    • 0028176671 scopus 로고
    • Growth, flowering and recruitment of shrubs in grazed and in protected rangeland in the arid Karoo, South Africa
    • S.J. Milton Growth, flowering and recruitment of shrubs in grazed and in protected rangeland in the arid Karoo, South Africa Vegetatio 111 1994 17 27
    • (1994) Vegetatio , vol.111 , pp. 17-27
    • Milton, S.J.1
  • 31
    • 0029416145 scopus 로고
    • South Africa's arid and semiarid rangelands: Why are they changing and can they be restored?
    • S.J. Milton, and W.R.J. Dean South Africa's arid and semiarid rangelands: why are they changing and can they be restored? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 37 1995 245 264
    • (1995) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.37 , pp. 245-264
    • Milton, S.J.1    Dean, W.R.J.2
  • 32
    • 0002526959 scopus 로고
    • The application of state-and-transition models to rangeland research and management in arid succulent and semi-arid grassy Karoo, South Africa
    • S.J. Milton, and M.T. Hoffman The application of state-and-transition models to rangeland research and management in arid succulent and semi-arid grassy Karoo, South Africa African Journal of Range and Forage Science 11 1994 18 26
    • (1994) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.11 , pp. 18-26
    • Milton, S.J.1    Hoffman, M.T.2
  • 33
    • 27644447222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How grazing turns rare seedling recruitment events to non-events in arid environments
    • S.W. Breckle M. Veste W. Wucherer Springer Berlin
    • S.J. Milton, and T. Wiegand How grazing turns rare seedling recruitment events to non-events in arid environments S.W. Breckle M. Veste W. Wucherer Sustainable Land Use in Deserts 2001 Springer Berlin 197 207
    • (2001) Sustainable Land Use in Deserts , pp. 197-207
    • Milton, S.J.1    Wiegand, T.2
  • 34
    • 0028052503 scopus 로고
    • A conceptual model of arid rangeland degradation. the escalating cost of declining productivity
    • S.J. Milton, W.R.J. Dean, M.A. Du Plessis, and W.R. Siegfried A conceptual model of arid rangeland degradation. The escalating cost of declining productivity BioScience 44 1994 70 76
    • (1994) BioScience , vol.44 , pp. 70-76
    • Milton, S.J.1    Dean, W.R.J.2    Du Plessis, M.A.3    Siegfried, W.R.4
  • 36
    • 27644527694 scopus 로고
    • The conservation of wild ungulates in the Karoo
    • P. Novellie The conservation of wild ungulates in the Karoo The Naturalist 31 1 1987 4 7
    • (1987) The Naturalist , vol.31 , Issue.1 , pp. 4-7
    • Novellie, P.1
  • 39
    • 0008316902 scopus 로고
    • Habitat use by indigenous grazing ungulates in relation to sward structure and veld condition
    • P. Novellie Habitat use by indigenous grazing ungulates in relation to sward structure and veld condition Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 7 1990 16 23
    • (1990) Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa , vol.7 , pp. 16-23
    • Novellie, P.1
  • 41
    • 0001617450 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the response of vegetation to use by large herbivores: An assessment of some techniques
    • P. Novellie, and G. Strydom Monitoring the response of vegetation to use by large herbivores: an assessment of some techniques South African Journal of Wildlife Research 17 1987 109 117
    • (1987) South African Journal of Wildlife Research , vol.17 , pp. 109-117
    • Novellie, P.1    Strydom, G.2
  • 43
    • 0028975841 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation changes (1949-71) in a semi-arid, grassy dwarf shrubland in the Karoo, South Africa: Influence of rainfall variability and grazing by sheep
    • T.G. O'Connor, and P.W. Roux Vegetation changes (1949-71) in a semi-arid, grassy dwarf shrubland in the Karoo, South Africa: influence of rainfall variability and grazing by sheep Journal of Applied Ecology 32 1995 612 626
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.32 , pp. 612-626
    • O'Connor, T.G.1    Roux, P.W.2
  • 44
    • 0000188416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nama-Karoo
    • R.M. Cowling D.M. Richardson S.M. Pierce Cambridge University Press Cambridge
    • A.R. Palmer, and M.T. Hoffman Nama-Karoo R.M. Cowling D.M. Richardson S.M. Pierce Vegetation of Southern Africa 1997 Cambridge University Press Cambridge 167 188
    • (1997) Vegetation of Southern Africa , pp. 167-188
    • Palmer, A.R.1    Hoffman, M.T.2
  • 45
    • 0025529261 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation change in a semi-arid succulent dwarf shrubland in the eastern Cape, South Africa
    • A.R. Palmer, C.G. Hobson, and M.T. Hoffman Vegetation change in a semi-arid succulent dwarf shrubland in the eastern Cape, South Africa South African Journal of Science 86 1990 392 395
    • (1990) South African Journal of Science , vol.86 , pp. 392-395
    • Palmer, A.R.1    Hobson, C.G.2    Hoffman, M.T.3
  • 46
    • 0039189915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining function in rangelands of the Peddie district, Eastern Cape, using Landscape Function Analysis
    • A.R. Palmer, F.J. Killer, A.M. Avis, and D. Tongway Defining function in rangelands of the Peddie district, Eastern Cape, using Landscape Function Analysis African Journal of Range and Forage Science 18 2001 53 58
    • (2001) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.18 , pp. 53-58
    • Palmer, A.R.1    Killer, F.J.2    Avis, A.M.3    Tongway, D.4
  • 48
    • 27644522651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protected Areas Act (26025). Government Gazette, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
    • Protected Areas Act, 2003. National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, No. 57 of 2003, vol. 464 (26025). Government Gazette, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.
    • (2003) National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, No. 57 of 2003 , vol.464
  • 49
    • 0041766736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in population biology of two succulent shrubs along a grazing gradient
    • C. Riginos, and M.T. Hoffman Changes in population biology of two succulent shrubs along a grazing gradient Journal of Applied Ecology 40 2003 615 625
    • (2003) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 615-625
    • Riginos, C.1    Hoffman, M.T.2
  • 50
    • 0031472774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and mechanical defense against herbivory in two sympatric species of desert Acacia
    • C. Rohner, and D. Ward Chemical and mechanical defense against herbivory in two sympatric species of desert Acacia Journal of Vegetation Science 8 1997 717 726
    • (1997) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.8 , pp. 717-726
    • Rohner, C.1    Ward, D.2
  • 51
    • 0007112148 scopus 로고
    • The descending-point method of vegetation survey. a point-sampling method for the measurement of semi-open grasslands and Karoo vegetation in South Africa
    • P.W. Roux The descending-point method of vegetation survey. A point-sampling method for the measurement of semi-open grasslands and Karoo vegetation in South Africa South African Journal of Agricultural Science 6 1963 273 288
    • (1963) South African Journal of Agricultural Science , vol.6 , pp. 273-288
    • Roux, P.W.1
  • 52
  • 54
    • 0004577644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical environment and major plant communities of the Karoo National Park, South Africa
    • F. Rubin, and A.R. Palmer The physical environment and major plant communities of the Karoo National Park, South Africa Koedoe 39 1996 25 52
    • (1996) Koedoe , vol.39 , pp. 25-52
    • Rubin, F.1    Palmer, A.R.2
  • 55
    • 0034937895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of endemism within the Karoo National Park, South Africa
    • F. Rubin, A.R. Palmer, and C. Tyson Patterns of endemism within the Karoo National Park, South Africa Bothalia 31 2001 117 133
    • (2001) Bothalia , vol.31 , pp. 117-133
    • Rubin, F.1    Palmer, A.R.2    Tyson, C.3
  • 57
    • 0004150643 scopus 로고
    • first ed Botanical Society of South Africa in association with National Botanical Institute Cape Town
    • D. Shearing Karoo. South African Wild Flower Guide 6 first ed 1994 Botanical Society of South Africa in association with National Botanical Institute Cape Town
    • (1994) Karoo. South African Wild Flower Guide 6
    • Shearing, D.1
  • 59
    • 27644485774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karoo National Park. Integrated environmental management system
    • Directorate, South African National Parks
    • South African National Parks, 2003. Karoo National Park. Integrated environmental management system. Strategic Management Plan, 2003-2007. Directorate, South African National Parks, 31pp.
    • (2003) Strategic Management Plan, 2003-2007
  • 60
  • 61
    • 0039176191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of seed production and shrub association in two palatable Karoo shrub species under contrasting land use intensities
    • S.W. Todd Patterns of seed production and shrub association in two palatable Karoo shrub species under contrasting land use intensities African Journal of Range and Forage Science 17 2000 22 26
    • (2000) African Journal of Range and Forage Science , vol.17 , pp. 22-26
    • Todd, S.W.1
  • 62
    • 0032865851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A fence-line contrast reveals effects of heavy grazing on plant diversity and community composition in Namaqualand, South Africa
    • S.W. Todd, and M.T. Hoffman A fence-line contrast reveals effects of heavy grazing on plant diversity and community composition in Namaqualand, South Africa Plant Ecology 142 1999 169 178
    • (1999) Plant Ecology , vol.142 , pp. 169-178
    • Todd, S.W.1    Hoffman, M.T.2
  • 67
    • 0034492184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing signal from noise: Long-term studies of vegetation in Makhtesh Ramon erosion cirque, Negev desert, Israel
    • D. Ward, D. Saltz, and L. Olsvig-Whittaker Distinguishing signal from noise: Long-term studies of vegetation in Makhtesh Ramon erosion cirque, Negev desert, Israel Plant Ecology 150 2000 27 36
    • (2000) Plant Ecology , vol.150 , pp. 27-36
    • Ward, D.1    Saltz, D.2    Olsvig-Whittaker, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.