Chemical and mechanical defense against herbivory in two sympatric species of desert Acacia

Journal of Vegetation Science

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 717-726

  Rohner, Christoph ^a   Ward, David ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

Acacia raddiana; Acacia tortilis; Anti herbivore defense; Negev desert; Plant animal interaction; Resource availability hypothesis; Secondary compound; Trade off

Indexed keywords

CHEMICAL DEFENCE; DESERT; HERBIVORY; MECHANICAL DEFENCE;

ISRAEL; NEGEV DESERT;

ACACIA RADDIANA; ACACIA TORTILIS; MIMOSACEAE;

EID: 0031472774     PISSN: 11009233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3237377     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Belsky, A.J., Carson, W.P., Jensen, C.L. & Fox, G.A. 1993. Overcompensation by plants: herbivore optimization or red herring? Evol. Ecol. 7: 109-121.
2. Briggs, M.A. & Schultz, J.C. 1990. Chemical defense production in Lotus corniculatus. II. Trade-offs among growth, reproduction, and defense. Oecologia (Berl.) 83: 32-37.
3. Brooks, R. & Owen-Smith, N. 1994. Plant defenses against mammalian herbivores: are juvenile Acacia more heavily defended than mature trees? Bothalia 24: 211-215.
4. Bryant, J.P., Kuropat, P., Cooper, S.M., Frisby, K. & Owen-Smith, N. 1989. Resource availability hypothesis of plant antiherbivore defense tested in a South African savanna ecosystem. Nature 340: 227-229.
5. Bryant, J.P., Heitkonig, I., Kuropat, P. & Owen-Smith, N. 1991. Effects of severe defoliation on the long-term resistance to insect attack and on leaf chemistry in six woody species of the southern African savanna. Am. Nat. 137: 50-63.
6. Coley, P.D., Bryant, J.P. & Chapin III, F.S. 1985. Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense. Science 230: 895-899.
7. Cooper, S.M. & Owen-Smith, N. 1985. Condensed tannins deter feeding by browsing ungulates in a South African savanna. Oecologia (Berl.) 67: 142-146.
8. Cooper, S.M. & Owen-Smith, N. 1986. Effects of plant spinescence on large mammalian herbivores. Oecologia (Berl.) 68: 446-455.
9. Danell, K., Bergstrom, R. & Edenius, L. 1994. Effects of large mammalian browsers on architecture, biomass, and nutrients of woody plants. J. Mammal. 75: 833-844.
10. du Toit, J. 1995. Determinants of the composition and distribution of wildlife communities in southern Africa. Ambio 24: 2-6.
11. du Toit, J., Bryant, J.P. & Frisby, K. 1990. Regrowth and palatability of Acacia shoots following pruning by African savanna browsers. Ecology 71: 149-154.
12. Evenari, M., Shanan, L. & Tadmor, N. 1982. The Negev: the challenge of a desert. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
13. Furstenburg, D. & van Hoven, W. 1994. Condensed tannin as anti-defoliate agent against browsing by giraffe (Giraffa camelopardis) in the Kruger National Park. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 107: 425-431.
14. Gowda, J.H. 1996. Spines of Acacia tortilis: what do they defend and how ? Oikos 77: 279-284.
15. Hagerman, A.E. 1987. Radial diffusion method for determining tannin in plant extracts. J. Chem. Ecol. 13: 437-449.
16. Hagerman, A.E. & Butler, L.G. 1978. Protein precipitation method for the quantitative determination of tannins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 26: 809-812.
17. Hagerman, A.E. & Butler, L.G. 1989. Choosing appropriate methods and standards for assaying tannin. J. Chem. Ecol. 15: 1795-1810.
18. Halevy, G. & Orshan, G. 1972. Ecological studies on Acacia species in the Negev and Sinai I. Distribution of Acacia raddiana, A. tortilis, and A. gerrardi ssp. negevensis as related to environmental factors. Isr. J. Bot. 21: 197-208.
19. Herms, D.A. & Mattson, W.J. 1992. The dilemma of plants: to grow or defend. Quart. Rev. Biol. 67: 283-335.
20. Horner, J.D. 1990. Nonlinear effects of water deficits on foliar tannin concentration. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 18: 211-213.
21. Kennenni, L. & van der Maarel, E. 1990. Population ecology of Acacia tortilis in the semi-arid region of the Sudan. J. Veg. Sci. 1: 419-424.
22. Lundberg, P. & Astrom, M. 1990. Low nutritive quality as a defense against optimally foraging herbivores. Am. Nat. 135: 547-562.
23. Maschinski, J. & Whitham, T.G. 1989. The continuum of plant responses to herbivory: the influence of plant association, nutrient availability, and timing. Am. Nat. 134: 1-19.
24. McNaughton, S.J. 1983. Compensatory plant growth as response to herbivory. Oikos 40: 329-336.
25. Milewski, A.V., Young, T.P & Madden, D. 1991. Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence. Oecologia (Berl.) 86: 70-75.
26. Mole, S. & Waterman, P.G. 1987. A critical analysis of techniques for measuring tannins in ecological studies I. Techniques for chemically defining tannins. Oecologia (Berl.) 72: 137-147.
27. Musgrave, M.K. 1995. Variations in leaf tannins of Acacia trees and its potential significance for browsing herbivores. MSc thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
28. Myers, J.H. & Bazely, D. 1991. Thorns, spines, prickles, and hairs: are they stimulated by herbivory and do they deter herbivores? In: Tallamy, D.J. & Raupp, M.J. (eds.) Phytochemical induction by herbivores, pp. 326-343. Academic Press, New York, NY.
29. Owen-Smith, N. 1993. Woody plants, browsers and tannins in southern African savannas. S. Afr. J. Sci. 89: 505-510.
30. Paige, K.N. 1992. Overcompensation in response to mammalian herbivory: from mutualistic to antagonistic interactions. Ecology 73: 2076-2087.
31. Palo, R.T., Gowda, J. & Hogberg, P. 1993. Species height and root symbiosis, two factors influencing antiherbivore defense of woody plants in East African savanna. Oecologia (Berl.)93: 322-326.
32. Price, M.P., van Scoyoc, S. & Butler, L.G. 1978. A critical evaluation of the vanillin reaction as an assay for tannin in sorghum grain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 26: 1214-1218.
33. Rosenthal, J.P. & Kotanen, P.M. 1994. Terrestrial plant tolerance to herbivory. Trends Ecol. Evol. 9: 145-148.
34. Ross, J.H. 1979. A conspectus of the African Acacia species. Mem. Bot. Surv. S. Afr. 44: 1-155.
35. Sinclair, A.R.E. 1995. Equilibria in plant-herbivore interactions. In: Sinclair, A.R.E. & Arcese, P. (eds.) Serengeti. II: Dynamics, management, and conservation of an ecosystem, pp. 91-113. Chicago University Press, Chicago, IL.
36. Stearns, S.C. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
37. Stock, W.D., Le Roux, D. & van der Heyden, F. 1993. Regrowth and tannin production in woody and succulent karoo shrubs in response to simulated browsing. Oecologia (Berl.) 96: 562-568.
38. Teague, W.R. 1988. Effect of the intensity and phenophase of defoliation and water stress on the rate of photosynthesis and the recovery of carbohydrate reserves in Acacia karroo Hayne. J. Grassl. Soc. S. Afr. 5: 223-226.
39. Teague, W.R. 1989. The rate of consumption of bush and grass by goats in a representative Acacia karroo savanna community in the eastern Cape. J. Grassl. Soc. S. Afr. 6: 230-235.
40. van Hoven, W. & Furstenburg, D. 1992. The use of purified condensed tannin as a reference in determining its influence on rumen fermentation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101A: 381-385.
41. Ward, D. & Rohner, C. 1997. Anthropogenic causes of high mortality and low recruitment in three Acacia tree species in the Negev desert, Israel. Biodivers. Cons. 6: 877-893.
42. Waterman, P.O. & Mole, S. 1994. Analysis of phenolic plant metabolites. Blackwell, Oxford.
43. Weltzin, J.F. & Coughenour, M.B. 1990. Savanna tree influence on understorey vegetation and soil nutrients in northwestern Kenya. J. Veg. Sci. 1: 325-332.
44. Wrangham, R.W. & Waterman, P.C. 1981. Feeding behaviour of vervet monkeys on Acacia tortilis and Acacia xanthophloea: with special reference to reproductive strategies and tannin production. J. Anim. Ecol. 50: 715-731.
45. Young, T.P. 1987. Increased thorn length in Acacia depranolobium - an induced response to browsing. Oecologia (Berl.) 71: 436-438.
46. Zohary, M. 1972. Flora Palestina vol. 2. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem.
47. Zucker, W. 1983. Tannins: does structure determine function? Am. Nat. 121: 335-365.