Marine and anthropogenic aerosols at Punta Del Hidalgo, Tenerife, and the aerosol nitrate number paradox

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 107, Issue 24, 2002, Pages

  McGovern, F M ^a   Nunes, M J ^b   Raes, F ^c   Gonzales Jorge, H ^d  

^a ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LISBON   (Portugal)

^c JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Aerosol; Condensation nuclei; Marine; Nitrate; Sulfate

Indexed keywords

AEROSOLS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); MARINE POLLUTION; MASS TRANSFER; NITRATES;

AEROSOL; AIR MASS; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; NITRATE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEA SALT; SULFATE;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (NORTH); ATLANTIC OCEAN (SUBTROPICAL); CANARY ISLANDS; EURASIA; EUROPE; MACARONESIA; PUNTA DEL HIDALGO; SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE [(PRV) CANARY ISLANDS]; SOUTHERN EUROPE; SPAIN; TENERIFE;

EID: 24944513687     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000827     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ammann, M., M. Kalberer, D. T. Jost, L. Tobler, E. Rössler, D. Piguet, H. W. Gäggeler, and U. Baltensperger, Heterogeneous production of nitrous acid on soot in polluted air masses, Nature, 395, 157-160, 1998.
2. Andreae, M. O., and P. J. Crutzen, Atmospheric aerosols: Biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052-1058, 1997.
3. Andreae, M. O., W. Elbert, Y. Cai, T. W. Andreae, and J. Gras, Non-sea-salt sulfate, methanesulfonate, and nitrate aerosol concentrations and size distributions at Cape Grim, Tasmania, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,695-21,706, 1999.
4. Andreae, M. O., W. Elbert, R. Gabriel, D. W. Johnson, S. Osbome, and R. Wood, Soluble ion chemistry of the atmospheric aerosol and SO2 concentrations over the eastern North Atlantic during ACE-2, Tellus Ser, B, 52, 1066-1087, 2000.
5. Ayers, G. P., and J. L. Gras, Seasonal relationship between cloud condensation nuclei and aerosol methansulphonate in marine air, Nature, 353, 834-835, 1991.
6. Bassett, M., and J. H. Seinfeld, Atmospheric equilibrium model of sulfate and nitrate aerosols-II particle size analysis, Atmos. Environ., 18, 1163-1170, 1984.
7. Bower, B. K. N.; et al., ACE-2 HILLCLOUD. An overview of the ACE-2 ground-based cloud experiment, Tellus Ser. B, 52, 750-778, 2000.
8. Charlson, R. J., J. E. Lovelock, M. O. Andrea, and S. G. Warren, Ocean phytoplankton atmospheric sulfur, cloud albedo and climate, Nature, 326, 655-661, 1987.
9. Charlson, R. J., S. E. Schwartz, J. M. Hales, R. D. Cess, J. A. Coakley, J. E. Hansen, and D. J. Hofmann, Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423-430, 1992.
10. Chen, L. L., et al., Influence of continental outflow events on the aerosol composition at Cheju Island, South Korea, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,551-28,574, 1997.
11. Clarke, A. D., Atmospheric Nuclei in the Pacific mid-troposphere, their nature concentration and evolution, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 20,633-20,647, 1993.
12. Fitzgerald, J. W., Dependence of the supersaturation spectrum of CCN on aerosol size distribution and composition, J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 628-634, 1973.
13. Gong, S. L., L. A. Barrie, and J. P. Blanchet, Modelling sea-salt aerosols in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3805-3818, 1997.
14. Hansen, A. D. A., H. Rosen, and T. Novakov, The Aethalometer-an instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles, Sci. Total Environ., 36, 191-196, 1984.
15. Harrison, R. M., J. D. Peak, and G. M. Collins, Tropospheric cycle of nitrous acid, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,429-14,439, 1996.
16. Hegg, D. A., Cloud condensation nucleus-sulfate mass relationship and cloud albedo, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,903-25,907, 1994.
17. Hegg, D. A., and Y. J. Kaufman, Measurements of the relationship between submicron aerosol number and volume concentration, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 5671-5678, 1998.
18. Hopple, W. A., G. M. Frick, W. Fitzgerald, and R. E: Larson, Marine boundary layer measurements of new particle formation and the effects of non-precipitating clouds have on aerosol size distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,443-14,458, 1994.
19. Hubert, B. J., L. Zhaung, S. Howell, K. Nonne, and B. Noone, Sulfate, nitrate, methanesulfonate, chloride ammonium and sodium measurements from ship, island and aircraft during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol Gas Exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4413-4423, 1996.
20. Keene, W. C., R. Sander, A. P. Pszenny, R. Vogt, P. J. Cruzen, and J. N. Galloway, Aerosol pH in the Marine Boundary Layer: A review and model evaluation, J. Aerosol Sci., 29, 339-356, 1998.
21. Lawrence, M. G., and P. J. Crutzen, Influence of NOx Emissions from ships on tropospheric photochemistry and climate, Nature, 402, 167-170, 1999.
22. McGovern, F. M., F. Raes, R. VanDingenen, and H. Maring, Anthropogenic influences on the chemical and physical properties of aerosol in the Atlantic subtropical region during July 1994 and July 1995, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14,309-14,320, 1999.
23. Merrill, J. T., Isentropic air-flow probability analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,881-25,889, 1994.
24. Moldanova, J., arid E. Ljungstrom, Sea-salt aerosol chemistry in coastal areas: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 1271-1296, 2001.
25. Nuries, M. J., Establishment of the chemical properties of the aerosol in the north east Atlantic Ocean, Ph.D. thesis, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, 2002.
26. O'Dowd, C. D., J. A. Lowe, and M. H. Smith, Observations and modelling of aerosol growth in marine stratocumulus-case study, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3053-3062, 1999.
27. Posfai, M., J. R. Anderson, P. R. Buseck, and H. Sievering, Soot and sulfate aerosol particles in the remote marine troposphere, J. Geophys Res., 104, 21,685-21,693, 1999.
28. Prospero, J. M., D. L. Savoie, R. Arimoto, H. Olafsson, and H. Hjartarson, Sources of aerosol Nitrate and non-sea-salt sulfate in the Iceland Region, Sci. Total Environ., 160/161, 181-191, 1995.
29. Putaud, J. P., et al., Chemical mass closure and assessment of the origin of submicron aerosol in the marine boundary layer during ACE-2, Tellus Ser. B, 52, 141-168, 2000.
30. Raes, F., T. Baters, F. McGovern, and M. Van Liderkerke, The 2nd Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2): General overview and main results, Tellus Ser. B, 52B, 109-111, 2000.
31. Savoie, D. L., and J. M. Prospero, Particle size distribution of nitrate and sulfate in the marine atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 1207-1210, 1982.
32. Savoie, D. L., J. M. Prospero, and E. S. Saltzman, Non-sea-salt Sulfate and Nitrate in Trade Wind aerosols at Barbados, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5069-5080, 1989a.
33. Savoie, D. L., J. M. Prospero, J. T. Merrill, and M. Uematsu, Nitrate in the Atmospheric boundary layer of the Tropical South Pacific: Implications regarding sources and transport, J. Atmos. Chem., 8, 391-415, 1989b.
34. Savoie, D. L., J. M. Prospero, S. J. Oltmans, W. C. Graustein, K. K. Turekein, J. T. Merrill, and H. Levy II, Sources of nitrate and ozone in the marine boundary layer of the tropical North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 11,575-11,589, 1992.
35. Savoie, D. L., J. M. Prospero, R. J. Larsen, F. Huang, M. A. Izaguirre, T. Huang, T. H. Snowdon, L. Custals, and C. G. Sanderson, Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson, Palmer and Marsh (King George Island), J. Atmos. Chem., 17, 95-122, 1993.
36. Sievering, H., J. Boatman, J. Gallowway, W. Keene, Y. Kim, M. Luria, and J. Ray, Heterogeneous sulfur conversion in sea-salt aerosol particles, Atmos. Environ., 25A, 1479-1487, 1991.
37. ten Brink, H. M., J. P. Veefkind, A. Waijers-Iipelaan, and J. C. van der Hage, Aerosol light scattering in the Netherlands, Atmos. Environ., 30, 4251-4261, 1996.
38. ten Brink; H. M., C. Kruisz, G. P. A. Kos, and A. Berner, Composition/size of the light scattering aerosol in the Netherlands, Atmos. Environ., 30, 3955-3962, 1997.
39. Van Dingenen, R., F. Raes, J. P. Putaud, A. Virkukula, and M. Mangoni, Processes determining the relationship between aerosol number and npnsea-salt sulfate mass concentrations in clean and perturbed marine boundary layer, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 8027-8038, 1999.
40. Van Dingenen, R., A. O. Virkkula, F. Raes, T. S. Bates, and A. Widensohler, A simple non-linear analytical relationship between aerosol accumulation number and sub-micron volume, explaining their observed ratio in the clean and polluted marine boundary layer, Tellus, 52, 439-451, 2000.
41. Verver, G., F. Raes, D. Vogelezang, and D. Johnson, The 2nd Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2) meteorology and chemical context, Tellus, 52, J26-140, 2000.
42. Warneck, P., Chemistry of the Natural Atmosphere, 2nd Ed, Academic, San Diego, 1999.