Methane-driven oceanic eruptions and mass extinctions

Geology

Volumn 31, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 741-744

  Ryskin, Gregory ^a  

^a Northwestern University   (United States)

Author keywords

Mass extinctions; Methane; Permian Triassic boundary

Indexed keywords

MASS EXTINCTION;

EXPLOSIVES; METHANE; OCEANOGRAPHY;

GEOLOGY;

DISSOLVED GAS; EXSOLUTION; MASS EXTINCTION; METHANE; PERMIAN-TRIASSIC BOUNDARY; WATER COLUMN;

CAMEROON;

EID: 0141683753     PISSN: 00917613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/G19518.1     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Anbar, A.D., and Knoll, A.H., 2002, Proterozoic ocean chemistry and evolution: A bioinorganic bridge?: Science, v. 297, p. 1137-1142.
2. Becker, L., Poreda, R.J., Hunt, A.G., Bunch, T.E., and Rampino, M., 2001, Impact event at the Permian-Triassic boundary: Evidence from extraterrestrial noble gases in fullerenes: Science, v. 291, p. 1530-1533.
3. Bradley, D., 1999, Instabilities and flame speeds in large-scale premixed gaseous explosions: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A, v. 357, p. 3567-3581.
4. Chijiwa, T., Arai, T., Sugai, T., Shinohara, H., Kumazawa, M., Takano, M., and Kawakami, S., 1999, Fullerenes found in the Permo-Triassic mass extinction period: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 26, p. 767-770.
5. Cisowski, S.M., 1990, The significance of magnetic spheroids and magnesioferrite occurring in K/T boundary sediments, in Sharpton, V., and Ward, P.D., eds., Global catastrophes in Earth history: An interdisciplinary conference on impacts, volcanism, and mass mortality: Geological Society of America Special Paper 247, p. 359-365.
6. de Wit, M.J., Ghosh, J.G., de Villiers, S., Rakotosolofo, N., Alexander, J., Tripathi, A., and Looy, C., 2002, Multiple organic carbon isotope reversals across the Permo-Triassic boundary of terrestrial Gondwana sequences: Clues to extinction patterns and delayed ecosystem recovery: Journal of Geology. v. 110, p. 227-240.
7. Dorofeev, S.B., 2002, Flame acceleration and DDT in gas explosions: Journal de Physique IV, v. 12, p. 3-10.
8. GICHD, 2001, Fuel air explosive (FAE) systems: Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining Technical Note 09.30/04: http://www.gichd.ch (May 2003).
9. Gregg, M.C., Sanford, T.B., and Winkel, D.P., 2003, Reduced mixing from the breaking of internal waves in equatorial waters: Nature, v. 422, p. 513-515.
10. Hallam, A., and Wignall, P.B., 1997, Mass extinctions and their aftermath: Oxford, Oxford University Press, 320 p.
11. Hancox, P.J., Brandt, D., Reimold, W.U., Koeberl, C., and Neveling, J., 2002, Permian-Triassic boundary in the northeast Karoo basin: Current stratigraphic placement, implications for basin development models, and the search for evidence of impact, in Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K.C., eds., Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond: Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 429-444.
12. Handa, Y.P., 1990, Effect of hydrostatic pressure and salinity on the stability of gas hydrates: Journal of Physical Chemistry, v. 94, p. 2652-2657
13. Hinrichs, K.-U., Hmelo, L.R., and Sylva, S.P., 2003, Molecular fossil record of elevated methane levels in late Pleistocene coastal waters: Science, v. 299, p. 1214-1217.
14. Hotinski, R.M., Bice, K.L., Kump, L.R., Najjar, R.G., and Arthur, M.A., 2001, Ocean stagnation and end-Permian anoxia: Geology, v. 29, p. 7-10.
15. Hovland, M., Judd, A.G., and Burke, R.A., 1993, The global flux of methane from shallow submarine sediments: Chemosphere, v. 26, p. 559-578.
16. Jin, Y.G., Wang, Y., Wang, W., Shang, Q.H., Cao, C.Q., and Erwin, D.H., 2000, Pattern of marine mass extinction near the Permian-Triassic boundary in South China: Science, v. 289, p. 432-436.
17. Kajiwara, Y., Yamakita, S., Ishida, K., Ishiga, H., and Imai, A., 1994, Development of a largely anoxic stratified ocean and its temporary massive mixing at the Permian/Triassic boundary supported by the sulfur isotopic record: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 111, p. 367-379.
18. Katz, M.E., Pak, D.K., Dickens, G.R., and Miller, K.G., 1999, The source and fate of massive carbon input during the latest Paleocene thermal maximum: Science, v. 286, p. 1531-1533.
19. Kaufman, A.J., Knoll, A.H., and Narbonne, G.M., 1997, Isotopes, ice ages, and terminal Proterozoic Earth history: National Academy of Sciences Proceedings, v. 94, p. 6600-6605.
20. Kennedy, M.J., Christie-Blick, N., and Sohl, L.E., 2001, Are Proterozoic cap carbonates and isotopic excursions a record of gas hydrate destabilization following the Earth's coldest intervals?: Geology, v. 29, p. 443-446.
21. Kennett, J.P., Cannariato, K.G., Hendy, I.L., and Behl, R.J., 2000, Carbon isotopic evidence for methane hydrate instability during Quaternary interstadials: Science, v. 288, p. 128-133.
22. Kling, G.W., Clark, M.A., Compton, H.R., Devine, J.D., Evans, W.C., Humphrey, A.M., Koenigsberg, E.J., Lockwood, J.P., Tuttle, M.L., and Wagner, G.N., 1987, The 1986 Lake Nyos gas disaster in Cameroon, West Africa: Science, v. 236, p. 169-175.
23. 13C chemostratigraphy of the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Maitai Group, New Zealand: Evidence for high-latitudinal methane release: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 43, p. 21-32.
24. Monin, A.S., and Shishkov, Y.A., 2000, Climate as a problem of physics: Physics-Uspekhi, v. 43, p. 381-406.
25. 2 concentrations over the last glacial termination: Science, v. 291, p. 112-114.
26. Morgan, V., Delmotte, M., van Ommen, T., Jouzel, J., Chappellaz, J., Woon, S., Masson-Delmotte, V., and Raynaud, D., 2002, Relative timing of deglacial climate events in Antarctica and Greenland: Science, v. 297, p. 1862-1864.
27. Nisbet, E.G., 2002, Have sudden large releases of methane from geological reservoirs occurred since the Last Glacial Maximum, and could such releases occur again?: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A, v. 360, p. 581-607.
28. Owens, W.B., and Hogg, N.G., 1980, Oceanic observations of stratified Taylor columns near a bump: Deep-Sea Research, v. 27A, p. 1029-1045.
29. Petit, J.R., Jouzel, J., Raynaud, D., Barkov, N.I., Barnola, J.M., Basile, I., Bender, M., Chappellaz, J., Davis, M., Delaygue, G., Delmotte, M., Kotlyakov, V.M., Legrand, M., Lipenkov, V.Y., Lorius, C., Pepin, L., Ritz, C., Saltzman, E., and Stievenard, M., 1999, Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica: Nature, v. 399, p. 429-436.
30. Pierrehumbert, R.T., 2002, The hydrologic cycle in deep-time climate problems: Nature, v. 419, p. 191-198.
31. Raup, D.M., 1991, Extinction: Bad genes or bad luck?: New York, Norton, 210 p.
32. Retallack, G.J., 2002, Carbon dioxide and climate over the past 300 Myr: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions. ser. A, v. 360, p. 659-673.
33. Scranton, M.I., Astor, Y., Bohrer, R., Ho, T., and Muller-Karger, F., 2001, Controls on temporal variability of the geochemistry of the deep Cariaco Basin: Deep-Sea Research 1, v. 48, p. 1605-1625.
34. 13C shifts in the oceans and atmosphere at the end of Permian, in Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K.C., eds., Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond: Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 455-462.
35. Severinghaus, J.P., Sowers, T., Brook, E.J., Alley, R.B., and Bender, M.L., 1998, Timing of abrupt climate change at the end of the Younger Dryas interval from thermally fractionated gases in polar ice: Nature, v. 391, p. 141-146.
36. Siegmann, K., Hepp, H., and Sattler, K., 1996, High-resolution height-profile analysis and laser-ionization characterization of a wide range of fullerenes in laminar diffusion flames: Surface Review and Letters, v. 3, p. 741-745.
37. Suess, E., Torres, M.E., Bohrmann, G., Collier, R.W., Greinert, J., Linke, P., Rehder, G., Trehu, A., Wallmann, K., Winckler, G., and Zuleger, E., 1999, Gas hydrate destabilization: enhanced dewatering, benthic material turn-over and large methane plumes at the Cascadia convergent margin: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 170, p. 1-15.
38. Thomas, D.J., Zachos, J.C., Bralower, T.J., Thomas, E., and Bohaty, S., 2002, Warming the fuel for the fire: Evidence for the thermal dissociation of methane hydrate during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum: Geology, v. 30, p. 1067-1070.
39. Toole, J.M., and McDougall, T.J., 2001, Mixing and stirring in the ocean interior, in Siedler, G., Church, J., and Gould, J., eds., Ocean circulation and climate: Observing and modelling the global ocean: San Diego, Academic Press, p. 337-355.
40. Turco, R.P., Toon, O.B., Ackerman, T.P., Pollack, J.B., and Sagan, C., 1991, Nuclear winter: Physics and physical mechanisms: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 19, p. 383-422.
41. Twitchett, R.J., Looy, C.V., Morante, R., Visscher, H., and Wignall, P.B., 2001, Rapid and synchronous collapse of marine and terrestrial ecosystems during the end-Permian biotic crisis: Geology, v. 29, p. 351-354.
42. Ward, P.D., Montgomery, D.R., and Smith, R., 2000, Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction: Science, v. 289, p. 1740-1743.
43. Wignall, P.B., and Twitchett, R.J., 2002, Extent, duration, and nature of the Permian-Triassic superanoxic event, in Koeberl, C., and MacLeod, K.C., eds., Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: Impacts and beyond: Geological Society of America Special Paper 356, p. 395-413.
44. Wunsch, C., 2002, Oceanic age and transient tracers: Analytical and numerical solutions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 107, DOI 10.1029/2001JC000797.
45. 2-driven lake eruptions: Nature, v. 379, p. 57-59.