High-altitude cusp: The extremely dynamic region in geospace

Surveys in Geophysics

Volumn 26, Issue 1-3, 2005, Pages 71-93

  Chen, Jiasheng ^a   Fritz, Theodore A ^a  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Cusp; Energetic particles; Magnetosphere; Space physics

Indexed keywords

IONOSPHERE; MAGNETIC FIELDS; MAGNETOSPHERE; PLASMA SHEATHS; TURBULENCE;

CUSP; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; GEOSPACE; SPACE PHYSICS;

GEOMAGNETISM;

IONOSPHERE;

EID: 24144501112     PISSN: 01693298     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10712-005-1873-5     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. H. Alfvén 1950 Cosmical Electrodynamics Clarendon Press Oxford
2. G. C. Anagnostopoulos E. T. Sarris and S. M. Krimigis 1986 Magnetospheric Origin of Energetic (E > 50 keV) Ions Upstream of the Bow Shock: The October 31, 1977, Event J. Geophys. Res. 91 3020-3028
3. A. E. Antonova and V. P. Shabansky 1975 Particle and Magnetic Field in the Outer Dayside Geomagnetosphere Geomangn. Aeron. 15 2 297-302
4. A. E. Antonova Yu. I. Gubar and A. P. Kropotlin 2000 'Energetic Particle Population in the High-Latitude Geomagnetosphere' Phys. Chem. Earth (C) 25 1-2 47-50
5. Blake, J. B.: 1999, Comment on 'Cusp: A new Acceleration Region of the Magnetosphere' by Jiasheng Chen et al., Czech. J. Phys. 49 (4a), 675-677.
6. S.-W. Chang J. D. Scudder S. A. Fuselier J. F. Fennell K. J. Trattner J. S. Pickett H. E. Spence J. D. Menietti W. K. Peterson R. P. Lepping and R. Friedel 1998 'Cusp Energetic Ions: A Bow Shock Source' Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 3729-3732 10.1029/98GL52808
7. S.-W. Chang J. D. Scudder K. Kudela H. E. Spence J. F. Fennell R. P. Lepping R. P. Lin and C. T. Russell 2001 'MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the Bow Shock' J. Geophys. Res. 106 19101-19115 10.1029/ 2000JA003037
8. Chang, S.-W., Scudder, J. D., Kudela, K., Spence, H. E., Fennell, J. F., Lepping, R. P., Lin, R. P. and Russell, C. T.: 2003, Reply to Comment on 'MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the Bow Shock' by J. Chen, T. A. Fritz and R. B. Sheldon, J. Geophys. Res. 108 (A8), 1312.
9. S. Chapman and V. C. A. Ferraro 1931 'A New Theory of Magnetic Storms' J. Geophys. Res. 36 171
10. J. Chen and T. A. Fritz 1998 Correlation of Cusp MeV Helium with Turbulent ULF Power Spectra and its Implications Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 4113-4116 10.1029/1998GL900122
11. J. Chen and T. A. Fritz 1999 May 4, 1998 Storm: Observations of Energetic Ion Composition by POLAR Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 2921-2924 10.1029/1999GL003582
12. J. Chen and T. A. Fritz 2000 'Origins of Energetic Ions in CEP Events and their Implications' Int. J. Geomagn. Aeron. 2 31-44
13. J. Chen and T. A. Fritz 2001 Energetic Oxygen Ions of Ionospheric Origin Observed in the Cusp Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 1459-1462 10.1029/ 2000GL012128
14. J. Chen and T. A. Fritz 2002a Multiple Spacecraft Observations of Energetic Ions during a Major Geomagnetic Storm Adv. Space Res. 30 7 1749-1756 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00444-1
15. Chen, J. and Fritz, T. A.: 2002b, 'The Global Significance of the CEP Events', in H. N. Wang and R. L. Xu (eds.), Solar-Terrestrial Magnetic Activity and Space Environment, COSPAR Colloquia Series 14, pp. 239-249.
16. Chen, J., Fritz, T. A. and Sheldon, R. B.: 2003, Comment on 'MeV Magnetosheath Ions Energized at the Bow Shock' by S.-W. Chang et al., J. Geophys. Res. 108 (A8), 1311.
17. J. Chen T. A. Fritz R. B. Sheldon H. E. Spence W. N. Spjeldvik J. F. Fennell and S. Livi 1997 'A New, Temporarily Confined Population in the Polar Cap During the August 27, 1996 Geomagnetic Field Distortion Period' Geophys. Res. Lett. 24 1447-1450 10.1029/97GL01369
18. J. Chen T. A. Fritz R. B. Sheldon H. E. Spence W. N. Spjeldvik J. F. Fennell S. Livi C. T. Russell J. S. Pickett and D. A. Gurnett 1998 'Cusp Energetic Particle Events: Implications for a Major Acceleration Region of the Magnetosphere' J. Geophys. Res. 103 69-78 10.1029/97JA02246
19. N. U. Crooker 1977 'The Magnetospheric Boundary Layers: A Geometrically Explicit Model' J. Geophys. Res. 82 3629-3633
20. N. U. Crooker 1979 'Dayside Merging and Cusp Geometry' J. Geophys. Res. 84 951-959
21. N. U. Crooker J. G. Lyon and J. A. Fedder 1998 'MHD Model Merging with IMF By: Lobe Cells, Sunward Polar Cap Convection, and Overdraped Lobes' J. Geophys. Res. 103 9143-9152 10.1029/97JA03393
22. D. C. Delcourt and J.-A. Sauvaud 1999 'Populating of the Cusp and Boundary Layers by Energetic (Hundreds of keV) Equatorial Particles' J. Geophys. Res. 104 2263510.1029/1999JA900251
23. A. A. Eccles and T. A. Fritz 2002 'Energetic Particle Observations at the Subsolar Magnetopause' Ann. Geophys. 20 445-460
24. T. A. Fritz and J. Chen 1999a 'The cusp as a source of magnetospheric particles' Radiat. Measurement 30 5 599-608 10.1016/S1350-4487(99)00239-5
25. T. A. Fritz and J. Chen 1999b 'Reply' Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 1363-1364 10.1029/1999GL900285
26. T. A. Fritz J. Chen and R. B. Sheldon 2000 'The Role of the Cusp as a Source for Magnetospheric Particles: A New Paradigm?' Adv. Space Res. 25 (7-8) 1445-1457 10.1016/S0273-1177(99)00656-0
27. T. A. Fritz J. Chen R. B. Sheldon H. E. Spence J. F. Fennell S. Livi C. T. Russell and J. S. Pickett 1999a 'Cusp Energetic Particle Events Measured by POLAR Spacecraft' Phys. Chem. Earth (C) 24 1-3 135-140
28. T. A. Fritz M. Karra B. Finkerneyer and J. Chen 1999b 'Statistical Studies with Polar of Energetic Particles near the Dayside Cusp' EOS Trans. AGU 80 46 F862
29. T. A. Fritz J. Chen and G. L. Siscoe 2003a 'Energetic Ions, Large Diamagnetic Cavities, and Chapman-Ferraro Cusp' J. Geophys. Res. 108 Al 1028-1036 10.1029/2002JA009476
30. T. A. Fritz M. Alothman J. Bhattacharjya D. Matthews and J. Chen 2003b 'Butterfly Pitch Angle Distributions Observed by ISEE-1' Planet. Space Sci. 51 205-219 10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00202-7
31. T. A. Fritz T. H. Zurbuchen G. Gloeckler S. Hefti and J. Chen 2003c 'The Use of Iron Charge State Changes as a Tracer for Solar Wind Entry and Energization within the Magnetosphere' Ann. Geophys. 21 2155-2164
32. S. F. Fung T. E. Eastman S. A. Boardsen and S.-H. Chen 1997 'High-Altitude Cusp Positions Sampled by the Hawkeye Satellite' Phys. Chem. Earth 22 653-662 10.1016/S0079-1946(97)88121-9
33. G. Gloeckler 1986 'Solar Wind Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen Abundances Measured in the Earth's Magnetosheath with AMPTE/CCE' Geophys. Res. Lett. 13 793-796
34. G. Gloeckler S. Hefti T. H. Zurbuchen N. A. Schwadron L. A. Fisk F. M. Ipavich J. Geiss P. Bochsler and R. Wimmer 1999 'Unusual Composition of the Solar Wind in the 2-3 May 1998 CME Observed With SWICS on ACE' Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 157-160 10.1029/1998GL900166
35. F. M. Ipavich A. B. Galvin G. Gloeckler M. Scholer and D. Hovestadt 1981 'A Statistical Survey of Ions Observed Upstream of the Earth's Bow Shock: Energy Spectra, Composition, and Spatial Variation' J. Geophys. Res. 86 4337-4342
36. G. Kremser J. Woch K. Mursula P. Tanskanen B. Wilken and R. Lundin 1995 'Origin of Energetic Ions in the Polar Cusp Inferred from Ion Composition Measurements by the Viking Satellite' Ann. Geophys. 13 595-607
37. G. T. Marklund L. G. Blomberg C.-G. Fäthammar R. E. Erlandson and T. A. Potemra 1990 'Signatures of the High-Altitude Polar Cusp and Dayside Auroral Regions as seen by the Viking Electric Field Experiment' J. Geophys. Res. 95 5767-5780
38. N. C. Maynard S. Savin G. M. Erickson H. Kawano Z. Němečk W. K. Peterson J. Šafránoková I. Sandahl J. D. Scudder G. L. Siscoe B. U. Ö. Sonnerup D. R. Weimer W. W. White G. R. Wilson 2001 'Observation of the Magnetospheric "Sash" and its Implications Relative to Solar-Wind/Magnetospheric Coupling: A Multisatellite Event Analysis' J. Geophys. Res. 106 6097-6122 10.1029/ 2000JA003004
39. G. D. Mead 1964 'Deformation of Geomagnetic Field by the Solar Wind' J. Geophys. Res. 69 1181-1195
40. C.-I. Meng 1982 'Latitudinal Variation of the Polar Cusp during a Geomagnetic Storm' Geophys. Res. Lett. 9 60-63
41. z: Observations and Conceptual Model' J. Geophys. Res. 92 13673-13678
42. P. T. Newell and C.-I. Meng 1991 'Ion Acceleration at the Equatorward Edge of the Cusp: Low Altitude Observations of Patchy Merging' Geophys. Res. Lett. 18 1829-1832
43. N. P. Paschalidis E. T. Sarris S. M. Krimigis R. W. McEntire M. D. Levine I. A. Daglis and G. C. Anagnostopoulos 1994 'Energetic Ion Distributions on Both Sides of the Earth's Magnetopause' J. Geophys. Res. 99 8687-8703 10.1029/93JA03563
44. C. H. Perry M. Grande T. H. Zurbuchen S. Hefti G. Gloeckler J. F. Fennell B. Wilken and T. A. Ritz 2000 'Use of Fe Charge States as a Tracer for Solar Wind Entry to the Magnetosphere' Geophys. Res. Lett. 27 2441-2444 10.1029/2000GL003780
45. R. F. Pfaff J. H. Clemmons C. W. Carlson R. E. Ergun J. P. McFadden F. S. Mozer M. Temerin and D. M. Klumpar 1998 'Initial FAST Satellite Observations of Acceleration Processes in the Cusp' Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 2037-2040 10.1029/98GL00936
46. N. E. Pissarenko I. P. Kirpichev V. N. Lutsenko S. P. Savin E.Yu. Budnick A. R. Moszhukina E. I. Morozova A. E. Antonova and I. Sandahl 2001 'Cusp Energetic Particles Observed by INTERBALL-Tail Probe in 1996' Phys. Chem. Earth (C) 26 1-3 241-245
47. Reiff, P. H.: 1979, 'Low-Altitude Signatures of the Boundary Layers', in Magnetospheric Boundary Layers, pp. 167-173, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ., ESA SP-148.
48. P. H. Reiff T. W. Hill and J. L. Burch 1977 'Solar Wind Plasma Injection at the Dayside Magnetospheric Cusp' J. Geophys. Res. 82 479-491
49. J. G. Roederer 1970 Dynamics of Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation Springer New York
50. S. Savin J. Blecki N. Pissarenko V. Lutsenko I. Kirpichev E. Budnik N. Borod-kova M. Nozdrachev L. Zelenyi V. Romanov I. Sandahl J.-A. Sauvaud J. Buechner B. Nikutowski G. Gustafsson K. Stasiewicz and V. Korepanov 2002 'Accelerated Particles from Turbulent Boundary Layer' Adv. Space Res. 30 7 1723-1730 10.1016/S0273-1177(02)00441-6
51. V. P. Shabansky 1971 'Some Processes in the Magnetosphere' Space Sci. Rev. 12 299-418 10.1007/BF00165511
52. V. P. Shabansky and A. E. Antonova 1968 'Topology of Particle Drift Shells in the Earth's Magnetosphere' Geomangn. Aeron., Engl. Transl. 8 844
53. Sheldon, R. B., Chen, J. and Fritz, T. A.: 2003, Comment on 'Origins of Energetic Ions in the Cusp' by K. J.Trattner et al., J. Geophys. Res. 108 (A7), 1302.
54. R. B. Sheldon H. E. Spence J. D. Sullivan T. A. Fritz and J. Chen 1998 'The Discovery of Trapped Energetic Electrons in the Outer Cusp' Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 1825-1828 10.1029/98GL01399
55. Trattner, K. J., Fuselier, S. A., Peterson, W. K. Chang, S.-W.: 1999, Comment on 'Correlation of Cusp MeV Helium with Turbulent ULF Power Spectra and its Implications' by J. Chen and T. A. Feitz, Geophys. Res. Lett. 26, 1361.
56. K. J. Trattner S. A. Fuselies W. K. Peterson Chang S.-W. R. Riedel and M. R. Aellig 2001 'Origins of Energetic Ions in the Cusp' Geophys. J. Res. 106 5967-5976 10.1029/2000JA003005
57. Trattner, K. J., Fuselies, S. A., Peterson, W. K., Chang, S.-W., Friedel, R. and Aellig, M. R.: 2003, 'Reply to comment on 'Origins of Energetic Ions in the Cusp' by R. Sheldon, I. Chen and T. A. Fritz J. Geophys. Res. 108 (A7), 1303.
58. N. A. Tsyganenko and C. T. Russell 1999 'Magnetic Signatures of the Distant Polar Cusps: Observations by Polar and Quantitative Modeling' J. Geophys. Res. 104 24939-24955 10.1029/1999JA900279
59. J. A. Van Allen and L. A. Frank 1959 'Radiation Around the Earth to a Radial Distance of 107,400 km' Nature 183 430
60. W. W. White G. L. Siscoe G. M. Erickson Z. Kaymaz N. C. Maynard K. D. Siebert B. U. Ö. Sonnerup and D. R. Weimer 1998 'The Magnetospheric Sash and the Cross-Tail S' Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 1605-1608 10.1029/ 98GL50865
61. D. J. Williams 1983 'The Earth's Ring Current: Causes, Generation, and Decay' Space Sci. Rev. 34 223-234 10.1007/BF00175279
62. M. Yamauchi L. Andersson P.-A. Lindqvist S. Ohtani J. Clemmons J.-E. Wahlund L. Eliasson and R. Lundin 2001 'Acceleration Signatures in the Dayside Boundary Layer and the Cusp' Phys. Chem. Earth (C) 26 1-3 195-200
63. S. Yoshida G. H. Ludwig and J. A. Van Allen 1960 'Distribution of Trapped Radiation in the Geomagnetic Field' J. Geophys. Res. 65 807