Continuous electroencephalogram monitoring in critically ill patients

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 312-321

  Jette, Nathalie ^b   Hirsch, Lawrence J ^a  

^a Och Spine at New York Presbyterian Hospitals   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTIFACT; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; COMA; CRITICAL ILLNESS; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; EPILEPTIC STATE; HUMAN; METABOLIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; MICRODIALYSIS; NERVE CELL LESION; NONHUMAN; PATIENT MONITORING; PROGNOSIS; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SEIZURE; STANDARDIZATION; TISSUE OXYGENATION; TREATMENT INDICATION;

EID: 23844437551     PISSN: 15284042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-005-0077-1     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Hirsch LJ: Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit: an overview. J Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 21:332-340.
2. Pandian JD, Cascino GD, So EL, et al.: Digital video-electroencephalographic monitoring in the neurological-neurosurgical intensive care unit: clinical features and outcome. Arch Neurol 2004, 61:1090-1094.
3. Scheuer ML: Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit. Epilepsia 2002, 43(Suppl 3):114-127.
4. Jordan KG: Continuous EEG and evoked potential monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit. J Clin Neurophysiol 1993, 10:445-475.
5. DeLorenzo RJ, Waterhouse EJ, Towne AR, et al.: Persistent nonconvulsive status epilepticus after the control of convulsive status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1998, 39:833-840.
6. Claassen J, Mayer SA, Kowalski RG, et al.: Detection of electrographic seizures with continuous EEG monitoring in critically ill patients. Neurology 2004, 62:1743-1748.
7. Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Emerson RG, et al.: Continuous EEG monitoring and midazolam infusion for refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Neurology 2001, 57:1036-1042.
8. Privitera M, Hoffman M, Moore JL, Jester D: EEG detection of nontonic-clonic status epilepticus in patients with altered consciousness. Epilepsy Res 1994, 18:155-166.
9. Jaitly R, Sgro JA, Towne AR, et al.: Prognostic value of EEG monitoring after status epilepticus: a prospective adult study. J Clin Neurophysiol 1997, 14:326-334.
10. Young GB, Jordan KG, Doig GS: An assessment of nonconvulsive seizures in the intensive care unit using continuous EEG monitoring: an investigation of variables associated with mortality. Neurology 1996, 47:83-89.
11. Dennis LJ, Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, et al.: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2002, 51:1136-1143.
12. Jordan KG: Emergency EEG and continuous EEG monitoring in acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 21:341-352.
13. Astrup J, Siesjo BK, Symon L: Thresholds in cerebral ischemia - the ischemic penumbra. Stroke 1981, 12:723-725.
14. Claassen J, Hirsch LJ, Kreiter KF, et al.: Quantitative continuous EEG for detecting delayed cerebral ischemia in patients with poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage. Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 115:2699-2710.
15. Vespa PM, Nuwer MR, Juhasz C, et al.: Early detection of vasospasm after acute subarachnoid hemorrhage using continuous EEG ICU monitoring. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997, 103:607-615.
16. Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al.: A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:792-798.
17. Jordan KG: Neurophysiologic monitoring in the neuroscience intensive care unit. Neurol Clin 1995, 13:579-626.
18. Sankar R, Shin DH, Wasterlain CG: Serum neuron-specific enolase is a marker for neuronal damage following status epilepticus in the rat. Epilepsy Res 1997, 28:129-136.
19. DeGiorgio CM, Heck CN, Rabinowicz AL, et al.: Serum neuron-specific enolase in the major subtypes of status epilepticus. Neurology 1999, 52:746-749.
20. Kaplan PW: Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the emergency room. Epilepsia 1996, 7:643-650.
21. Jordan KG, Young GB, Doig GS: Delays in emergency department (ED) diagnosis and treatment of nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). Neurology 1995, 45(Suppl 4):A346.
22. Towne AR, Waterhouse EJ, Boggs JG, et al.: Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology 2000, 54:340-345.
23. Vespa PM, O'Phelan K, Shah M, et al.: Acute seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage: a factor in progressive midline shift and outcome. Neurology 2003, 60:1441-1446.
24. Hartings JA, Williams AJ, Tortella FC: Occurrence of nonconvulsive seizures, periodic epileptiform discharges, and intermittent rhythmic delta activity in rat focal ischemia. Exp Neurol 2003, 179:139-149.
25. Williams AJ, Tortella FC, Lu XM, et al.: Antiepileptic drug treatment of nonconvulsive seizures induced by experimental focal brain ischemia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2004, 311:220-227.
26. Mirsattari SM, Lee DH, Jones D, et al.: MRI compatible EEG electrode system for routine use in the epilepsy monitoring unit and intensive care unit. Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 115:2175-2180.
27. Ives JR: New chronic EEG electrode for CCU/ICU monitoring. J Clin Neurophysiol 2005, 22:119-123.
28. Labar DR, Fisch BJ, Pedley TA, et al.: Quantitative EEG monitoring for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991, 78:325-332.
29. Hauser WA, Tabaddor K, Factor PR, Finer C: Seizures and head injury in an urban community. Neurology 1984, 34:746-751.
30. Lee ST, Lui TN, Wong CW, et al.: Early seizures after moderate dosed head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1995, 137:151-154.
31. Da Silva AM, Vaz AR, Mendonca D: Posttraumatic epilepsy in civilians: clinical and electroencephalographic studies. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1992, 55:56-63.
32. Young GB: Seizures in comatose patients in ICU: differential effects of etiology. Neurocrit Care 2005, In press.
33. Vespa PM, Nuwer MP, Nenov V, et al.: Increased incidence and impact of nonconvulsive and convulsive seizures after traumatic brain injury as detected by continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. J Neurosurg 1999, 91:750-760.
34. Vespa PM, Boscardin WJ, Hovda DA, et al.: Early and persistent impaired percent alpha variability on continuous electroencephalography monitoring as predictive of poor outcome after traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2002, 97:84-92.
35. Kassell NF, Hitchon PW, Gerk MK, et al.: Alterations in cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and electrical activity produced by high dose sodium thiopental. Neurosurgery 1980, 7:598-603.
36. Jette N, Claassen J, Weintraub D, et al.: Time to first seizure in critically ill pediatric patients undergoing continuous EEG monitoring. Epilepsia 2004, 45(Suppl 1):245.
37. Scheuer ML, Wilson SB: Data analysis for continuous EEG monitoring in the ICU: seeing the forest and the trees. J Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 21:353-378.
38. van Putten MJ, Tavy DL: Continuous quantitative EEG monitoring in hemispheric stroke patients using the brain symmetry index. Stroke 2004, 35:2489-2492.
39. van Putten MJ, Peters JM, Mulder SM, et al.: A brain symmetry index (BSI) for online EEG monitoring in carotid endarterectomy. Clin Neurophysiol 2004, 115:1189-1194.
40. Wartenberg KA, Mayer SA: Multimodal brain monitoring in the neurological intensive care unit: where does continuous EEG fit in? J Clin Neurophysiol 2005, 22:124-127.
41. Vespa PM, McArthur D, O'Phelan K, et al.: Persistently low extracellular glucose correlates with poor outcome 6 months after human traumatic brain injury despite a lack of increased lactate: a microdialysis study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003, 23:865-877.
42. Vespa P, Martin NA, Nenov V, et al.: Delayed increase in extracellular glycerol with post-traumatic electrographic epileptic activity: support for the theory that seizures induce secondary injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2002, 81:355-357.
43. Nilsson P, Ronne-Engstrom E, Flink P, et al.: Epileptic seizure activity in the acute phase following cortical impact trauma in rat. Brain Res 1994, 637:227-232.
44. Sakowitz OW, Unterberg AW, Stover JF: Neuronal activity determined by quantitative EEG and cortical microdialysis is increased following controlled cortical impact injury in rats. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2002, 81:221-223.
45. Ono K, Iwatsuki N, Tajima T, et al.: Elevation of the extracellular glutamate concentration in the hippocampus after total cerebral ischemia related to the deterioration of the recovery in EEG and evoked potentials in dogs. J Anesth 1993, 7:334-340.
46. Thomas PM, Phillips JP, O'Connor WT: Hippocampal microdialysis during spontaneous intraoperative epileptiform activity. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2004, 146:143-151.
47. Thomas PM, Phillips JP, Delanty N, O'Connor WT: Elevated extracellular levels of glutamate, aspartate and gamma-aminobutyric acid within the intraoperative, spontaneously epileptiform human hippocampus. Epilepsy Res 2003, 54:73-79.
48. Wilson CL, Maidment NT, Shomer MH, et al.: Comparison of seizure related amino acid release in human epileptic hippocampus versus a chronic, kainate rat model of hippocampal epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 1996, 26:245-254.
49. During MJ, Fried I, Leone P, et al.: Direct measurement of extracellular lactate in the human hippocampus during spontaneous seizures. J Neurochem 1994, 62:2356-2361.
50. During MJ, Spencer DD: Extracellular hippocampal glutamate and spontaneous seizure in the conscious human brain. Lancet 1993, 341:1607-1610.
51. Hirsch LJ, Claassen J, Mayer SA, Emerson RG: Stimulus-induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges (SIRPIDs): a common EEG phenomenon in the critically ill. Epilepsia 2004, 45:109-123.
52. Shaner DM, McCurdy SA, Herring MO, Gabor AJ: Treatment of status epilepticus: a prospective comparison of diazepam and phenytoin versus phenobarbital and optional phenytoin. Neurology 1988, 38:202-207.
53. Chamberlain JM, Altieri MA, Futterman C, et al.: A prospective, randomized study comparing intramuscular midazolam with intravenous diazepam for the treatment of seizures in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 1997, 13:92-94.
54. Alldredge BK, Gelb AM, Isaacs SM, et al.: A comparison of lorazepam, diazepam, and placebo for the treatment of out-of-hospital status epilepticus. N Engl J Med 2001, 345:631-637.
55. Scott RC, Besag FM, Neville BG: Buccal midazolam and rectal diazepam for treatment of prolonged seizures in childhood and adolescence: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999, 353:623-626.
56. Lahat E, Goldman M, Barr J, et al.: Comparison of intranasal midazolam with intravenous diazepam for treating febrile seizures in children: prospective randomised study. BMJ 2000, 321:83-86.
57. Leppik IE, Derivan AT, Homan RW, et al.: Double-blind study of lorazepam and diazepam in status epilepticus. JAMA 1983, 249:1452-1454.
58. Chong DJ, Hirsch LJ: Which EEG patterns warrant treatment in the critically ill? Reviewing the evidence for treatment of periodic epileptiform discharges and related patterns. J Clin Neurophysiol 2005, 22:79-91.
59. Hirsch LJ, Kull LL: Continuous EEG monitoring in the intensive care unit. Am J Electroneurodiagnostic Technol 2004, 44:137-158.