메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 333-343

Study and modulation of human cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation

Author keywords

Cortical excitability; Neuroimaging; Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

EVOKED CORTICAL RESPONSE; INTERNEURON; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVE STIMULATION; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PYRAMIDAL NERVE CELL; REVIEW; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION;

EID: 0031694717     PISSN: 07360258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004691-199807000-00005     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (661)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 0003052826 scopus 로고
    • Basic mechanisms of magnetic coil excitation of the nervous system in humans and monkeys: Application in focal stimulation of different cortical areas in humans
    • Chokroverty S, ed. Boston: Butterworth
    • Amassian VE, Maccabee PJ, Cracco RQ, et al. Basic mechanisms of magnetic coil excitation of the nervous system in humans and monkeys: application in focal stimulation of different cortical areas in humans. In: Chokroverty S, ed. Magnetic stimulation in clinical neurophysiol. Boston: Butterworth, 1989:73-112.
    • (1989) Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Neurophysiol , pp. 73-112
    • Amassian, V.E.1    Maccabee, P.J.2    Cracco, R.Q.3
  • 2
    • 0025035717 scopus 로고
    • A comparision of corticospinal activation by magnetic coil and electrical stimulation of monkey motor cortex
    • Amassian VE, Quirk GJ, Stewart M. A comparision of corticospinal activation by magnetic coil and electrical stimulation of monkey motor cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990; 77:390-401.
    • (1990) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.77 , pp. 390-401
    • Amassian, V.E.1    Quirk, G.J.2    Stewart, M.3
  • 3
    • 0023207714 scopus 로고
    • Physiological basis of motor effects of a transient stimulus to cerebral cortex
    • Amassian VE, Stewart M, Quirk GJ, et al. Physiological basis of motor effects of a transient stimulus to cerebral cortex. Nemosurgery 1987;20:74-93.
    • (1987) Nemosurgery , vol.20 , pp. 74-93
    • Amassian, V.E.1    Stewart, M.2    Quirk, G.J.3
  • 4
    • 0029960871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease. A study with paired magnetic stimulation
    • Berardelli A, Rona S, Inghilleri M, et al. Cortical inhibition in Parkinson's disease. A study with paired magnetic stimulation. Brain 1996;119:71-7.
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , pp. 71-77
    • Berardelli, A.1    Rona, S.2    Inghilleri, M.3
  • 5
    • 0028856463 scopus 로고
    • Role of intracortical mechanisms in the late part of the silent period to transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex
    • Brasil-Neto JP, Cammarota A, Valls-Solé J, et al. Role of intracortical mechanisms in the late part of the silent period to transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex. Acta Neurol Scand 1995;92:383-6.
    • (1995) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.92 , pp. 383-386
    • Brasil-Neto, J.P.1    Cammarota, A.2    Valls-Solé, J.3
  • 6
    • 0030047336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinguishing forms of generalized epilepsy using magnetic brain stimulation
    • Caramia MD, Gigli G, Iani C, et al. Distinguishing forms of generalized epilepsy using magnetic brain stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996;98:14-19.
    • (1996) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.98 , pp. 14-19
    • Caramia, M.D.1    Gigli, G.2    Iani, C.3
  • 7
    • 24544478824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateralized effect of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) cortex on depression
    • Catalá MD, Rubio B, Pascual-Leone A. Lateralized effect of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPF) cortex on depression. Neurol 1996;46:A325.
    • (1996) Neurol , vol.46
    • Catalá, M.D.1    Rubio, B.2    Pascual-Leone, A.3
  • 8
    • 0030955432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic transcranial stimulation: Dissociation of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms in acute strokes
    • Catano A, Houa M, Noel P. Magnetic transcranial stimulation: dissociation of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms in acute strokes. Electroencephalogr & Clin Neurophysiol 1997;105:29-36.
    • (1997) Electroencephalogr & Clin Neurophysiol , vol.105 , pp. 29-36
    • Catano, A.1    Houa, M.2    Noel, P.3
  • 9
    • 0030946622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Chen R, Classen J, Gerloff C, et al. Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1997;48:1398-403.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1398-1403
    • Chen, R.1    Classen, J.2    Gerloff, C.3
  • 10
    • 0024317165 scopus 로고
    • Electrical and magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex: Surface EMG and single motor-unit responses
    • Day BL, Dressler D, Maertens De Noordhout A, et al. Electrical and magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex: surface EMG and single motor-unit responses. J Physiol (Lond) 1989; 412:449-73.
    • (1989) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.412 , pp. 449-473
    • Day, B.L.1    Dressler, D.2    De Maertens Noordhout, A.3
  • 11
    • 0023151405 scopus 로고
    • Different sites of action of electrical and magnetic stimulation of the human brain
    • Day BL, Thompson PD, Dick JP, et al. Different sites of action of electrical and magnetic stimulation of the human brain. Neurosci Lett 1987;75:101-6.
    • (1987) Neurosci Lett , vol.75 , pp. 101-106
    • Day, B.L.1    Thompson, P.D.2    Dick, J.P.3
  • 12
    • 0030888367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ketamine on CNS-function
    • Detsch O, Kochs E. [Effects of ketamine on CNS-function]. Anaesthesist 1997;46(suppl):S20-9.
    • (1997) Anaesthesist , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Detsch, O.1    Kochs, E.2
  • 13
    • 0025295445 scopus 로고
    • Excitation of corticospinal tract by electromagnetic and electrical stimulation of the scalp in the macaque monkey
    • Edgley SA, Eyre JA, Lemon RN, et al. Excitation of corticospinal tract by electromagnetic and electrical stimulation of the scalp in the macaque monkey. J Physiol (Lond) 1990;428:301-20.
    • (1990) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.428 , pp. 301-320
    • Edgley, S.A.1    Eyre, J.A.2    Lemon, R.N.3
  • 14
    • 0030968220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of activation of corticospinal neurons and spinal motor neurons by magnetic and electrical transcranial stimulation in the lumbosacral cord of the anaesthetized monkey
    • Edgley SA, Eyre JA, Lemon RN, et al. Comparison of activation of corticospinal neurons and spinal motor neurons by magnetic and electrical transcranial stimulation in the lumbosacral cord of the anaesthetized monkey. Brain 1997;120:839-53.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 839-853
    • Edgley, S.A.1    Eyre, J.A.2    Lemon, R.N.3
  • 15
    • 0030272161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in unilateral thalamic infarcts
    • Faig J, Busse O. Silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in unilateral thalamic infarcts. J Neurol Sci 1996; 142:85-92.
    • (1996) J Neurol Sci , vol.142 , pp. 85-92
    • Faig, J.1    Busse, O.2
  • 16
    • 0026069859 scopus 로고
    • Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation
    • Fuhr P, Agostino R, Hallett M. Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation. Electrencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;81:257-62.
    • (1991) Electrencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 257-262
    • Fuhr, P.1    Agostino, R.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 17
    • 0029082328 scopus 로고
    • Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression
    • George MS, Wassermann EM, Williams WA, et al. Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression. Neuroreport 1995;6:1853-6.
    • (1995) Neuroreport , vol.6 , pp. 1853-1856
    • George, M.S.1    Wassermann, E.M.2    Williams, W.A.3
  • 18
    • 0030942685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A preliminary study
    • Greenberg BD, George MS, Martin JD, et al. Effect of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary study. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:867-9.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 867-869
    • Greenberg, B.D.1    George, M.S.2    Martin, J.D.3
  • 19
    • 10544222096 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression and schizophrenia
    • Grisaru N, Yaroslavsky U, Abarbanel J, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression and schizophrenia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1994;4:287-8.
    • (1994) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.4 , pp. 287-288
    • Grisaru, N.1    Yaroslavsky, U.2    Abarbanel, J.3
  • 20
    • 0023009560 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic stimulation of the human brain: Facilitation of motor responses by voluntary contraction of ipsilateral and contralateral muscles with additional observations on an amputee
    • Hess CW, Mills KR, Murray NM. Magnetic stimulation of the human brain: facilitation of motor responses by voluntary contraction of ipsilateral and contralateral muscles with additional observations on an amputee. Neurosci Lett 1986;71:235-40.
    • (1986) Neurosci Lett , vol.71 , pp. 235-240
    • Hess, C.W.1    Mills, K.R.2    Murray, N.M.3
  • 21
    • 0027755315 scopus 로고
    • Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of drug-resistant major depression - A report of two cases
    • Höflich G, Kasper S, Hufnagel A, et al. Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of drug-resistant major depression - a report of two cases. Hum Psychopharmacol 1993;8:361-5.
    • (1993) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.8 , pp. 361-365
    • Höflich, G.1    Kasper, S.2    Hufnagel, A.3
  • 22
    • 0027177859 scopus 로고
    • Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction
    • Inghilleri M, Berardelli A, Cruccu G, et al. Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction. J Physiol 1993;466:521-34.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.466 , pp. 521-534
    • Inghilleri, M.1    Berardelli, A.2    Cruccu, G.3
  • 23
    • 0029888575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of diazepam, baclofen and thiopental on the silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans
    • Inghilleri M, Berardelli A, Marchetti P, et al. Effects of diazepam, baclofen and thiopental on the silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans. Exp Brain Res 1996;109:467-72.
    • (1996) Exp Brain Res , vol.109 , pp. 467-472
    • Inghilleri, M.1    Berardelli, A.2    Marchetti, P.3
  • 24
    • 0028310569 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Its role in the evaluation of patients with partial epilepsy
    • Jennum P, Winkel H. Transcranial magnetic stimulation. Its role in the evaluation of patients with partial epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand [Suppl] 1994;152:93-6.
    • (1994) Acta Neurol Scand [Suppl] , vol.152 , pp. 93-96
    • Jennum, P.1    Winkel, H.2
  • 26
    • 0029156557 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment fo major depression - A pilot study
    • Kolbinger HM, Höflich G, Hufnagel A, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment fo major depression - a pilot study. Hum Psychopharmacol 1995;10:305-10.
    • (1995) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 305-310
    • Kolbinger, H.M.1    Höflich, G.2    Hufnagel, A.3
  • 27
    • 0027367448 scopus 로고
    • Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex
    • Kujirai T, Caramia MD, Rothwell JC, et al. Corticocortical inhibition in human motor cortex. J Physiol 1993;471:501-19.
    • (1993) J Physiol , vol.471 , pp. 501-519
    • Kujirai, T.1    Caramia, M.D.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 28
    • 0029899481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of cortical areas responsible for evoking excitatory and inhibitory responses in the small hand muscles
    • Lewko JP, Stokic DS, Tarkka IM. Dissociation of cortical areas responsible for evoking excitatory and inhibitory responses in the small hand muscles. Brain Topogr 1996;8:397-405.
    • (1996) Brain Topogr , vol.8 , pp. 397-405
    • Lewko, J.P.1    Stokic, D.S.2    Tarkka, I.M.3
  • 29
    • 0027402979 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic coil stimulation of straight and bent amphibian and mammalian peripheral nerve in vitro: Locus of excitation
    • Maccabee PJ, Amassian VE, Eberle LP, et al. Magnetic coil stimulation of straight and bent amphibian and mammalian peripheral nerve in vitro: locus of excitation. J Physiol (Lond) 1993;460:201-19.
    • (1993) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.460 , pp. 201-219
    • Maccabee, P.J.1    Amassian, V.E.2    Eberle, L.P.3
  • 30
    • 0029819691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in partial epilepsy: Drug-induced changes of motor excitability
    • Michelucci R, Passarelli D, Riguzzi P, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in partial epilepsy: drug-induced changes of motor excitability. Acta Neurol Scand 1996;94:24-30.
    • (1996) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.94 , pp. 24-30
    • Michelucci, R.1    Passarelli, D.2    Riguzzi, P.3
  • 31
    • 0031039755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans
    • Nakamura H, Kitagawa H, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans. J Physiol 1997;498:817-23.
    • (1997) J Physiol , vol.498 , pp. 817-823
    • Nakamura, H.1    Kitagawa, H.2    Kawaguchi, Y.3
  • 33
    • 0028216953 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of cortical motor output maps during development of implicit and explicit knowledge
    • Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, Hallett M. Modulation of cortical motor output maps during development of implicit and explicit knowledge [see Comments]. Science 1994a;263:1287-9.
    • (1994) Science , vol.263 , pp. 1287-1289
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Grafman, J.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 34
    • 0000822268 scopus 로고
    • Lasting beneficial effects of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation on slowness in Parkinson's disease (PD)
    • Pascual-Leone A, Alonso MD, Pascual-Leone Pascual A, et al. Lasting beneficial effects of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation on slowness in Parkinson's disease (PD). Neurology 1995;45(suppl 4):A315.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.4 SUPPL.
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Alonso, M.D.2    Pascual-Leone Pascual, A.3
  • 36
    • 0000738195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor cortex activity during a rate controlled motor task as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging
    • Pascual-Leone A, Pujol J, Deus J, et al. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor cortex activity during a rate controlled motor task as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (abstr). Neurology 1997;48:A106.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Pujol, J.2    Deus, J.3
  • 37
    • 0030603836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression
    • Pascual-Leone A, Rubio B, Pallardo F, et al. Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression [see Comments]. Lancet 1996; 348:233-7.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , pp. 233-237
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Rubio, B.2    Pallardo, F.3
  • 39
    • 0008397646 scopus 로고
    • Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. Part 2: Shortening of choice reaction time and movement time with subthreshold transcranial motor cortex stimulation
    • Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, Brasil-Neto J, et al. Akinesia in Parkinson's disease. Part 2: shortening of choice reaction time and movement time with subthreshold transcranial motor cortex stimulation. Neurology 1994b;44:891-900.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 891-900
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Valls-Solé, J.2    Brasil-Neto, J.3
  • 40
    • 0027989493 scopus 로고
    • Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex
    • Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, Wassermann EM, et al. Responses to rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex. Brain 1994c;117:847-58.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 847-858
    • Pascual-Leone, A.1    Valls-Solé, J.2    Wassermann, E.M.3
  • 41
    • 0030938064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation during positron emission tomography: A new method for studying connectivity of the human cerebral cortex
    • Paus T, Jech R, Thompson CJ, et al. Transcranial magnetic stimulation during positron emission tomography: a new method for studying connectivity of the human cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 1997;17:3178-84.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 3178-3184
    • Paus, T.1    Jech, R.2    Thompson, C.J.3
  • 42
    • 0028342382 scopus 로고
    • Motor cortical inhibition and the dopaminergic system. Pharmacological changes in the silent period after transcranial brain stimulation in normal subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism
    • Priori A, Berardelli A, Inghilleri M, et al. Motor cortical inhibition and the dopaminergic system. Pharmacological changes in the silent period after transcranial brain stimulation in normal subjects, patients with Parkinson's disease and drug-induced parkinsonism. Brain 1994;117:317-23.
    • (1994) Brain , vol.117 , pp. 317-323
    • Priori, A.1    Berardelli, A.2    Inghilleri, M.3
  • 43
    • 0028153539 scopus 로고
    • The cortical silent period and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Prout AJ, Eisen AA. The cortical silent period and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Muscle Nerve 1994;17:217-23.
    • (1994) Muscle Nerve , vol.17 , pp. 217-223
    • Prout, A.J.1    Eisen, A.A.2
  • 44
    • 0027469189 scopus 로고
    • Cortical hyperexcitability in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: A study with transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Reutens DC, Puce A, Berkovic SF. Cortical hyperexcitability in progressive myoclonus epilepsy: a study with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 1993;43:186-92.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 186-192
    • Reutens, D.C.1    Puce, A.2    Berkovic, S.F.3
  • 45
    • 0028859785 scopus 로고
    • Changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Ridding MC, Inzelberg R, Rothwell JC. Changes in excitability of motor cortical circuitry in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1995;37:181-8.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 181-188
    • Ridding, M.C.1    Inzelberg, R.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 46
    • 0025845766 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation
    • Roth BJ, Saypol JM, Hallett M, et al. A theoretical calculation of the electric field induced in the cortex during magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;81:47-56.
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 47-56
    • Roth, B.J.1    Saypol, J.M.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 47
    • 0025866016 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical comparison of electric and magnetic stimulation of the brain
    • published erratum appears in Ann Biomed Eng 1992;20:495
    • Saypol JM, Roth BJ, Cohen LG, et al. A theoretical comparison of electric and magnetic stimulation of the brain [published erratum appears in Ann Biomed Eng 1992;20:495]. Ann Biomed Eng 1991;19:317-28.
    • (1991) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.19 , pp. 317-328
    • Saypol, J.M.1    Roth, B.J.2    Cohen, L.G.3
  • 48
    • 0027942341 scopus 로고
    • The silent period after transcranial magnetic stimulation is of exclusive cortical origin: Evidence from isolated cortical ischemic lesions in man
    • Schnitzler A, Benecke R. The silent period after transcranial magnetic stimulation is of exclusive cortical origin: evidence from isolated cortical ischemic lesions in man. Neurosci Lett 1994;180:41-5.
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.180 , pp. 41-45
    • Schnitzler, A.1    Benecke, R.2
  • 50
    • 0013470763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of motor cortical excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influences implicit learning
    • Tarazona F, Tormos JM, Canete C et al. Modulation of motor cortical excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influences implicit learning (abstr). Soc Neurosci Abstr 1997;23:1964.
    • (1997) Soc Neurosci Abstr , vol.23 , pp. 1964
    • Tarazona, F.1    Tormos, J.M.2    Canete, C.3
  • 51
    • 0001569978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortico-spinal and cortico-cortical excitability
    • Tergau F, Tormos JM, Paulus W, et al. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortico-spinal and cortico-cortical excitability (abstr). Neurology 1997;48:A107.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48
    • Tergau, F.1    Tormos, J.M.2    Paulus, W.3
  • 52
    • 0025789050 scopus 로고
    • Further observations on the facilitation of muscle responses to cortical stimulation by voluntary contraction
    • Thompson PD, Day BL, Rothwell JC, et al. Further observations on the facilitation of muscle responses to cortical stimulation by voluntary contraction. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991;81:397-402.
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.81 , pp. 397-402
    • Thompson, P.D.1    Day, B.L.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 53
    • 0344749623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant effects of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation are associated with normalization of prefrontal hypometabolism
    • Tormos JM, Tarazona F, Canete C, et al. Antidepressant effects of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation are associated with normalization of prefrontal hypometabolism. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1996;22:265.
    • (1996) Soc Neurosci Abstr , vol.22 , pp. 265
    • Tormos, J.M.1    Tarazona, F.2    Canete, C.3
  • 54
    • 0027422509 scopus 로고
    • Cortical and spinal motor excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation silent period in humans
    • Triggs WJ, Cros D, Macdonell RA, et al. Cortical and spinal motor excitability during the transcranial magnetic stimulation silent period in humans. Brain Res 1993;628:39-48.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.628 , pp. 39-48
    • Triggs, W.J.1    Cros, D.2    Macdonell, R.A.3
  • 55
    • 0028260295 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal facilitation of the response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Valls-Solé J, Pascual-Leone A, Brasil-Neto JP, et al. Abnormal facilitation of the response to transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1994;44:735-41.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 735-741
    • Valls-Solé, J.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2    Brasil-Neto, J.P.3
  • 57
    • 0031930002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Wassermann EM. Risk and safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 108:1-16.
    • (1998) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.108 , pp. 1-16
    • Wassermann, E.M.1
  • 58
    • 0025935344 scopus 로고
    • Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on ipsilateral muscles
    • published erratum appears in Neurology 1992;42:1115.
    • Wassermann EM, Fuhr P, Cohen LG, et al. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on ipsilateral muscles [published erratum appears in Neurology 1992;42:1115]. Neurology 1991; 41:1795-9.
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1795-1799
    • Wassermann, E.M.1    Fuhr, P.2    Cohen, L.G.3
  • 60
    • 0027724729 scopus 로고
    • Topography of the inhibitory and excitatory responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in a hand muscle
    • Wassermann EM, Pascual-Leone A, Valls-Solé J, et al. Topography of the inhibitory and excitatory responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation in a hand muscle. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993;89:424-33.
    • (1993) Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol , vol.89 , pp. 424-433
    • Wassermann, E.M.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2    Valls-Solé, J.3
  • 61
    • 0027464795 scopus 로고
    • The muscle silent period following transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation
    • Wilson SA, Lockwood RJ, Thickbroom GW, et al. The muscle silent period following transcranial magnetic cortical stimulation. J Neurol Sciences 1993a;114:216-22.
    • (1993) J Neurol Sciences , vol.114 , pp. 216-222
    • Wilson, S.A.1    Lockwood, R.J.2    Thickbroom, G.W.3
  • 62
    • 0027198715 scopus 로고
    • Topography of excitatory and inhibitory muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human motor cortex
    • Wilson SA, Thickbroom GW, Mastaglia FL. Topography of excitatory and inhibitory muscle responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the human motor cortex. Neurosci Lett 1993b;154:52-6.
    • (1993) Neurosci Lett , vol.154 , pp. 52-56
    • Wilson, S.A.1    Thickbroom, G.W.2    Mastaglia, F.L.3
  • 63
    • 0030476929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double cortical stimulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Yokota T, Yoshino A, Inaba A, et al. Double cortical stimulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996;61:596-600.
    • (1996) J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 596-600
    • Yokota, T.1    Yoshino, A.2    Inaba, A.3
  • 64
    • 0029875203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of human motor cortex inhibition by the dopamine receptor agonist pergolide: Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Ziemann U, Bruns D, Paulus W. Enhancement of human motor cortex inhibition by the dopamine receptor agonist pergolide: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurosci Lett 1996a;208:187-90.
    • (1996) Neurosci Lett , vol.208 , pp. 187-190
    • Ziemann, U.1    Bruns, D.2    Paulus, W.3
  • 65
    • 0029592742 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of human motor cortex by ethanol. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Ziemann U, Lonnecker S, Paulus W. Inhibition of human motor cortex by ethanol. A transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Brain 1995;118:1437-46.
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , pp. 1437-1446
    • Ziemann, U.1    Lonnecker, S.2    Paulus, W.3
  • 66
    • 0030000616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of lorazepam on the motor cortical excitability in man
    • Ziemann U, Lonnecker S, Steinhoff BJ, et al. The effect of lorazepam on the motor cortical excitability in man. Exp Brain Res 1996b;109:127-35.
    • (1996) Exp Brain Res , vol.109 , pp. 127-135
    • Ziemann, U.1    Lonnecker, S.2    Steinhoff, B.J.3
  • 67
    • 0029787246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Ziemann U, Lonnecker S, Steinhoff BJ, et al. Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study [see Comments]. Ann Neurol 1996c;40:367-78.
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 367-378
    • Ziemann, U.1    Lonnecker, S.2    Steinhoff, B.J.3
  • 68
    • 0029910570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex
    • Ziemann U, Rothwell JC, Ridding MC. Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex. J Physiol 1996d;496:873-81.
    • (1996) J Physiol , vol.496 , pp. 873-881
    • Ziemann, U.1    Rothwell, J.C.2    Ridding, M.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.