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1
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0000722292
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Organo-silica sol-gel materials
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ed. Z. Rappoport and Y. Apeloig, Wiley, London, ch. 40
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For an advanced account, see: D. Avnir, L. C. Klein, D. Levy, U. Schubert and A. B. Wojcik, Organo-silica Sol-Gel Materials, in The Chemistry of Organosilicon Compounds 2, ed. Z. Rappoport and Y. Apeloig, Wiley, London, 1998; ch. 40, pp. 2317-2362.
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The Chemistry of Organosilicon Compounds
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Avnir, D.1
Klein, L.C.2
Levy, D.3
Schubert, U.4
Wojcik, A.B.5
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2
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0037436508
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While rendering the resulting conversion atom-efficient. For a recent discussion of this central topic of modern synthetic chemistry, see D. J. Cole-Hamilton, Science, 2003, 299, 1702.
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Science
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Cole-Hamilton, D.J.1
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3
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9444265236
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The wide scope and importance of sol-gel doped catalysts to modern organic synthesis was recently reviewed in: R. Ciriminna and M. Pagliaro, Curr. Org. Chem., 2004, 18, 1851.
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(2004)
Curr. Org. Chem.
, vol.18
, pp. 1851
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Ciriminna, R.1
Pagliaro, M.2
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4
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22744448065
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Functionalized silica gels are commercial reagents with a rapidly growing market. Doped silica gels offer several technical advantages over well known organic resins being solvent-independent (rigid porous structure and no swelling) and with a high density of functional groups (small volume of gel required). Silica works in all solvents (organic and aqueous), is easy to weigh and handle, mechanically stable and suitable for scale-up. Sigma-Aldrich, for instance, commercializes the silica gels produced by SiliCycle Inc. See also the URL: www.silicycle.com.
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5
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4444243035
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(a) S. Campestrini, M. Carraro, U. Tonellato, M. Pagliaro and R. Ciriminna, Tetrahedron Lett., 2004, 45, 7283;
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Tetrahedron Lett.
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Campestrini, S.1
Carraro, M.2
Tonellato, U.3
Pagliaro, M.4
Ciriminna, R.5
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7
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0346333485
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(c) R. Ciriminna, S. Campestrini and M. Pagliaro, Adv. Synth. Catal., 2003, 345, 1261;
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Adv. Synth. Catal.
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Ciriminna, R.1
Campestrini, S.2
Pagliaro, M.3
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8
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0034617797
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(d) R. Ciriminna, J. Blum, D. Avnir and M. Pagliaro, Chem. Commun., 2000, 1441.
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Chem. Commun.
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Ciriminna, R.1
Blum, J.2
Avnir, D.3
Pagliaro, M.4
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33748226949
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(a) K. C. Nicolau, W. M. Dai and R. K. Kuy, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl, 1994, 33, 15;
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Nicolau, K.C.1
Dai, W.M.2
Kuy, R.K.3
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(b) S. Shinagawa, T. Kanamaru, S. Harada, M. Asai and H. Ookazaki, J. Med. Chem., 1987, 30, 1458.
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Shinagawa, S.1
Kanamaru, T.2
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Ookazaki, H.5
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12
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0042316656
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ed. P. Tundo, P. T. Anastas, Oxford University Press, Oxford
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The industrial synthesis starts from cyanohydrins. Catalytic routes, more limited in scope, have also been developed based on supported metal catalysts: (a) M. Rossi, L. Prati in Green Chemistry: Challenging perspectives, ed. P. Tundo, P. T. Anastas, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000, p. 183;
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Green Chemistry: Challenging Perspectives
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Rossi, M.1
Prati, L.2
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13
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0000800444
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or enzymes: (b) C. H. Wong and J. R. Matos, J. Org. Chem., 1985, 50, 1992 and since 2002 the US company Diversa has commercialized the enzyme nitrilase for the biocatalytic synthesis of α-hydroxy acids.
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J. Org. Chem.
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Wong, C.H.1
Matos, J.R.2
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14
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33744770809
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(a) T. K. M. Shing, E. K. W. Tam, V. W.-F. Tai, I. H. F. Chung and Q. Jiang, Chem. Eur. J., 1996, 2, 50;
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Chem. Eur. J.
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Shing, T.K.M.1
Tam, E.K.W.2
Tai, V.W.-F.3
Chung, I.H.F.4
Jiang, Q.5
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15
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0141521468
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the method has been recently improved with a significant (one seventh) reduction in the amount of catalytic Ru; (b) B. Plietker and M. Niggemann, Org. Lett., 2003, 5, 3353.
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Org. Lett.
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Plietker, B.1
Niggemann, M.2
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16
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0029006202
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(a) A. E. J. de Nooy, A. Besemer and H. van Bekkum, Tetrahedron, 1995, 51, 8023;
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Tetrahedron
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De Nooy, A.E.J.1
Besemer, A.2
Van Bekkum, H.3
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17
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0035861610
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(b) TEMPO-mediated oxidations of alcohols are now commercial. The chemical manufacturer DSM, for instance, uses an oxidation process analogous to that described in R. Ben-Daniel, P. Alsters and R. Neumann, J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 8650;
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J. Org. Chem.
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Ben-Daniel, R.1
Alsters, P.2
Neumann, R.3
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19
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22744449636
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PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology
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-, as shown in: A. Besemer, PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, 1994.
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(1994)
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Besemer, A.1
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20
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22744448757
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note
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-1.
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21
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3042839781
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M. L. Testa, R. Ciriminna, C. Hajji, E. Zaballos-Oarcia, M. Ciclosi, J. Sepúlveda-Arques and M. Pagliaro, Adv. Synth. Catal., 2004, 346, 655.
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Adv. Synth. Catal.
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Testa, M.L.1
Ciriminna, R.2
Hajji, C.3
Zaballos-Oarcia, E.4
Ciclosi, M.5
Sepúlveda-Arques, J.6
Pagliaro, M.7
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22
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0011893331
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The first use of these ORMOSILS in the oxidation of alcohols is reported in: R. Ciriminna, C. Bolm, T. Fey and M. Pagliaro, Adv. Synth. Catal., 2002, 344, 159.
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(2002)
Adv. Synth. Catal.
, vol.344
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Ciriminna, R.1
Bolm, C.2
Fey, T.3
Pagliaro, M.4
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24
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0141645560
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M. D. Jones, R. Raja, J. M. Thomas, B. F. G. Johnson, D. W. Lewis, J. Rouzaud and K. D. M. Harris, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003, 42, 4326.
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(2003)
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
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, pp. 4326
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Jones, M.D.1
Raja, R.2
Thomas, J.M.3
Johnson, B.F.G.4
Lewis, D.W.5
Rouzaud, J.6
Harris, K.D.M.7
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25
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0035977222
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T. Fey, H. Fischer, S. Bachmann, K. Albert and C. Bolm, J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 8154.
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(2001)
J. Org. Chem.
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Fey, T.1
Fischer, H.2
Bachmann, S.3
Albert, K.4
Bolm, C.5
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27
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22744437756
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submitted
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R. Criminna, L. M. Ilharco, A. Fidalgo, S. Campestrini, M. Pagliaro, Soft Matter, (submitted).
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Soft Matter
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Criminna, R.1
Ilharco, L.M.2
Fidalgo, A.3
Campestrini, S.4
Pagliaro, M.5
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28
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0041687879
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For instance, also in the case of catalytic processes mediated by entrapped precious metals, see 5b, or by enzymes see: M. T. Reetz, P. Tielmann, W. Wiesenhofer, W. Konen and A. Zonta, Adv. Synth. Catal., 2003, 345, 717.
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Adv. Synth. Catal.
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Reetz, M.T.1
Tielmann, P.2
Wiesenhofer, W.3
Konen, W.4
Zonta, A.5
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30
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22744459059
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personal communication, (prices as of March 23)
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-1: a requirement clearly met by sol-gel entrapment of 4-oxo-TEMPO. W. Kesber, personal communication, (prices as of March 23, 2005);
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(2005)
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Kesber, W.1
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