Hypertension treatment guidelines: Practical implications

Seminars in Nephrology

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 198-209

  Choi, Kenneth L ^a   Bakris, George L ^a  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; AMLODIPINE; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ATENOLOL PLUS CHLORTALIDONE; BENAZEPRIL PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; BENDROFLUMETHIAZIDE PLUS NADOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BISOPROLOL FUMARATE PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CANDESARTAN; CAPTOPRIL PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; CHLORTALIDONE; CHLORTALIDONE PLUS RESERPINE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; DOXAZOSIN; ENALAPRIL MALEATE PLUS FELODIPINE; ENALAPRIL PLUS HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS IRBESARTAN; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS LOSARTAN; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE PLUS TRIAMTERENE; LISINOPRIL; OLMESARTAN; RAMIPRIL; TRANDOLAPRIL PLUS VERAPAMIL; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASODILATOR AGENT;

ADD ON THERAPY; ARTERY DISEASE; BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSE OF DEATH; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMORBIDITY; CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; COST CONTROL; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG CHOICE; DRUG CONTRAINDICATION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; GYNECOMASTIA; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEART FAILURE; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; HYPERKALEMIA; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY DISEASE; KIDNEY FAILURE; LIBIDO DISORDER; LIFESTYLE; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY; MORTALITY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PHYSICIAN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEINURIA; REVIEW; SMOKING CESSATION; STROKE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION;

EID: 22544436098     PISSN: 02709295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.02.004     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. A.V. Chobanian, G.L. Bakris, H.R. Black Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Hypertension 42 2003 1206 1252
2. Summary of Revisions for the 2004 Clinical Practice Recommendations Diabetes Care 27 2004 S1 S146
3. 2003 European Society of Hypertension-European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension J Hypertens 21 2003 1011 1053
4. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease Am J Kidney Dis 43 2004 1 290
5. S. Lewington, R. Clarke, N. Qizilbash Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality A meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies Lancet 360 2002 1903 1913
6. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes UKPDS 38 BMJ 317 1998 703 713
7. L. Hansson, A. Zanchetti, S.G. Carruthers HOT Study Group Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial Lancet 351 1998 1755 1762
8. G.L. Bakris, M. Williams, L. Dworkin National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes A consensus approach Am J Kidney Dis 36 2000 646 661
9. W.J. Elliott, D.R. Weir, H.R. Black Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure Cost-effectiveness of the lower treatment goal (of JNC VI) for diabetic hypertensive patients Arch Intern Med 160 2000 1277 1283
10. T.H. Jafar, P.C. Stark, C.H. Schmid AIPRD Group Progression of chronic kidney disease: The role of blood pressure, proteinuria, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. A patient-level meta-analysis Ann Intern Med 39 2003 244 252
11. R.W. Schrier, R.O. Estacio, A. Esler Effects of aggressive blood pressure control in normotensive type 2 diabetic patients on albuminuria, retinopathy and strokes Kidney Int 61 2002 1086 1097
12. J.T. Wright Jr, G. Bakris, T. Greene Effect of blood pressure lowering and antihypertensive drug class on progression of hypertensive kidney disease Results from the AASK trial JAMA 288 2002 2421 2431
13. SHEP Cooperative Research Group Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) JAMA 265 1991 3255 3264
14. H.M. Perry Jr, B.R. Davis, T.R. Price Effect of treating isolated systolic hypertension on the risk of developing various types and subtypes of stroke the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) JAMA 284 2000 465 471
15. J. He, P.K. Whelton, L.J. Appel Long-term effects of weight loss and dietary sodium reduction on incidence of hypertension Hypertension 35 2000 544 549
16. P.K. Whelton, L.J. Appel, M.A. Espeland TONE Collaborative Research Group Sodium reduction and weight loss in the treatment of hypertension in older persons A randomized controlled trial of nonpharmacologic interventions in the elderly (TONE) JAMA 279 1998 839 846
17. L.J. Appel, C.M. Champagne, D.W. Harsha Effects of comprehensive lifestyle modification on blood pressure control Main results of the PREMIER clinical trial JAMA 289 2003 2083 2093
18. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group Effects of weight loss and sodium reduction intervention on blood pressure and hypertension incidence in overweight people with high-normal blood pressure. The Trials of Hypertension Prevention, phase II Arch Intern Med 157 1997 657 667
19. Y. Kawano, C.S. Pontes, H. Abe Effects of alcohol consumption and restriction on home blood pressure in hypertensive patients Serial changes in the morning and evening records Clin Exp Hypertens 24 2002 33 39
20. K. Saito, T. Yokoyama, N. Yoshiike Do the ethanol metabolizing enzymes modify the relationship between alcohol consumption and blood pressure? J Hypertens 21 2003 1097 1105
21. L.J. Appel, T.J. Moore, E. Obarzanek DASH Collaborative Research Group A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure N Engl J Med 336 1997 1117 1124
22. F.M. Sacks, L.P. Svetkey, W.M. Vollmer DASH-Sodium Collaborative Research Group Effects on blood pressure of reduced dietary sodium and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet N Engl J Med 344 2001 3 10
23. J. Minami, T. Ishimitsu, H. Matsuoka Effects of smoking cessation on blood pressure and heart rate variability in habitual smokers Hypertension 33 1999 586 590
24. G. Bolinder, U. de Faire Ambulatory 24-h blood pressure monitoring in healthy, middle-aged smokeless tobacco users, smokers, and nontobacco users Am J Hypertens 11 1998 1153 1163
25. S.P. Whelton, A. Chin, X. Xin Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials Ann Intern Med 136 2002 493 503
26. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) JAMA 288 2002 2981 2997
27. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT) JAMA 283 2000 1967 1975
28. F. Turnbull Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events Results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials Lancet 362 2003 1527 1535
29. E. Saunders, M.R. Weir, B.W. Kong A comparison of the efficacy and safety of a beta-blocker, a calcium channel blocker, and a converting enzyme inhibitor in hypertensive blacks Arch Intern Med 150 1990 1707 1713
30. D.V. Exner, D.L. Dries, M.J. Domanski Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction N Engl J Med 344 2001 1351 1357
31. H. Lithell, L. Hansson, I. Skoog The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE) Principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial J Hypertens 21 2003 875 886
32. Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators Effects of ramipril on cardiovascular and microvascular outcomes in people with diabetes mellitus Results of the HOPE study and MICRO-HOPE substudy Lancet 355 2000 253 259
33. K.A. Jamerson, G.L. Bakris, C.C. Wun Rationale and design of the avoiding cardiovascular events through combination therapy in patients living with systolic hypertension (ACCOMPLISH) trial The first randomized controlled trial to compare the clinical outcome effects of first-line combination therapies in hypertension Am J Hypertens 17 2004 793 801
34. M.K. Nishizaka, M.A. Zaman, S.A. Green Impaired endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation in hypertensive subjects with hyperaldosteronism Circulation 109 2004 2857 2861
35. D.A. Calhoun, M.K. Nishizaka, M.A. Zaman Aldosterone excretion among subjects with resistant hypertension and symptoms of sleep apnea Chest 125 2004 112 117
36. H. Krum, H. Nolly, D. Workman Efficacy of eplerenone added to renin-angiotensin blockade in hypertensive patients Hypertension 40 2002 117 123
37. W.B. White, A.A. Carr, S. Krause Assessment of the novel selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone using ambulatory and clinical blood pressure in patients with systemic hypertension Am J Cardiol 92 2003 38 42
38. K. Wachtell, H. Ibsen, M.H. Olsen Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy The LIFE study Ann Intern Med 139 2003 901 906
39. D. De Zeeuw, G. Remuzzi, H.H. Parving Albuminuria, a therapeutic target for cardiovascular protection in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy Circulation 110 2004 921 927
40. H.L. Hillege, V. Fidler, G.F. Diercks Urinary albumin excretion predicts cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality in general population Circulation 106 2002 1777 1782
41. G.L. Bakris, M. Weir ACE inhibitors and protection against kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes What's the evidence J Clin Hypertens 4 2002 420 423
42. G.L. Bakris, M.R. Weir, V. DeQuattro Effects of an ACE inhibitor/calcium antagonist combination on proteinuria in diabetic nephropathy Kidney Int 54 1998 1283 1289
43. R. Boero, C. Rollino, C. Massara The verapamil versus amlodipine in nondiabetic nephropathies treated with trandolapril (VVANNTT) study Am J Kidney Dis 42 2003 67 75
44. N. Nakao, A. Yoshimura, H. Morita Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE) A randomised controlled trial Lancet 361 2003 117 124
45. G.L. Bakris, M.R. Weir Salt intake and reductions in arterial pressure and proteinuria Is there a direct link? Am J Hypertens 9 1996 200S 206S
46. J.C. Peterson, S. Adler, J.M. Burkart Blood pressure control, proteinuria, and the progression of renal disease. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Ann Intern Med 123 1995 754 762
47. G.L. Bakris, M.R. Weir, S. Shanifar Effects of blood pressure level on progression of diabetic nephropathy Results from the RENAAL study Arch Intern Med 163 2003 1555 1565
48. G.L. Bakris, M.R. Weir Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated elevations in serum creatinine Is this a cause for concern? Arch Intern Med 160 2000 685 693
49. A. Sato, T. Saruta Aldosterone breakthrough during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy Am J Hypertens 16 2003 781 788
50. A. Sato, T. Saruta Aldosterone escape during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy J Int Med Res 29 2001 13 21
51. R.J. Hene, P. Boer, H.A. Koomans Plasma aldosterone concentrations in chronic renal disease Kidney Int 21 1982 98 101
52. N.K. Hollenberg Aldosterone in the development and progression of renal injury Kidney Int 66 2004 1 9
53. T.H. Hostetter, H.N. Ibrahim Aldosterone in chronic kidney and cardiac disease J Am Soc Nephrol 14 2003 2395 2401
54. A. Sato, K. Hayashi, M. Naruse Effectiveness of aldosterone blockade in patients with diabetic nephropathy Hypertension 41 2003 64 68
55. A. Chrysostomou, G. Becker Spironolactone in addition to ACE inhibition to reduce proteinuria in patients with chronic renal disease N Engl J Med 345 2001 925 926
56. T.W. Gress, F.J. Nieto, E. Shahar Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study N Engl J Med 342 2000 905 912
57. J.R. Sowers, G.L. Bakris Antihypertensive therapy and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 342 2000 969 970
58. M.S. Elisaf, J. Theodorou, H. Pappas Effectiveness and metabolic effects of perindopril and diuretics combination in primary hypertension J Hum Hypertens 13 1999 787 791
59. R.H. Grimm Jr, J.M. Flack, G.A. Grandits Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS) Research Group Long-term effects on plasma lipids of diet and drugs to treat hypertension JAMA 275 1996 1549 1556
60. L. Hansson, L.H. Lindholm, L. Niskanen Effect of angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibition compared with conventional therapy on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertension The Captopril Prevention Project (CAPPP) randomised trial Lancet 353 1999 611 616
61. B. Dahlof, R.B. Devereux, S.E. Kjeldsen Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE) A randomised trial against atenolol Lancet 359 2002 995 1003
62. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) JAMA 288 2002 2981 2997
63. S. Julius, S.E. Kjeldsen, M. Weber Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine The VALUE randomised trial Lancet 363 2004 2022 2031
64. B.M. Brenner, M.E. Cooper, D. de Zeeuw Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy N Engl J Med 345 2001 861 869
65. E.J. Lewis, L.G. Hunsicker, W.R. Clarke Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes N Engl J Med 345 2001 851 860
66. H.C. Gerstein Reduction of cardiovascular events and microvascular complications in diabetes with ACE inhibitor treatment HOPE and MICRO-HOPE Diabetes Metab Rev 18 suppl 3 2002 S82 S85
67. S.M. Voyaki, J.A. Staessen, L. Thijs Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension J Hypertens 19 2001 511 519
68. S. Koshy, G.L. Bakris Therapeutic approaches to achieve desired blood pressure goals Focus on calcium channel blockers Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 14 2000 295 301
69. G.L. Bakris, M.R. Weir, M. Secic Differential effects of calcium antagonist subclasses on markers of nephropathy progression Kidney Int 65 2004 1991 2002
70. G.L. Bakris, E. Gaxiola, F.H. Messerli Clinical Outcomes in the Diabetes Cohort of the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study Hypertension 44 2004 1 6
71. D. Levy, M.G. Larson, R.S. Vasan The progression from hypertension to congestive heart failure JAMA 275 1996 1557 1562
72. D.W. Kitzman, W.C. Little, P.H. Brubaker Pathophysiological characterization of isolated diastolic heart failure in comparison to systolic heart failure JAMA 288 2002 2144 2150
73. M.A. Pfeffer, K. Swedberg, C.B. Granger Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure The CHARM-overall programme Lancet 362 2003 759 766
74. B.M. Psaty, N.L. Smith, D.S. Siscovick Health outcomes associated with antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents. A systematic review and meta-analysis JAMA 277 1997 739 745
75. B. Pitt, F. Zannad, W.J. Remme Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure N Engl J Med 341 1999 709 717
76. B. Pitt, G. Williams, W. Remme The EPHESUS trial: Eplerenone in patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction complicating acute myocardial infarction. Eplerenone Post-AMI Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 15 2001 79 87
77. M.A. Pfeffer, J.J. McMurray, E.J. Velazquez Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both N Engl J Med 349 2003 1893 1906
78. J.N. Cohn, G. Tognoni A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure N Engl J Med 345 2001 1667 1675
79. Y. Yeghiazarians, J.B. Braunstein, A. Askari Unstable angina pectoris N Engl J Med 342 2000 101 114
80. P.A. Heidenreich, K.M. McDonald, T. Hastie Meta-analysis of trials comparing beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, and nitrates for stable angina JAMA 281 1999 1927 1936
81. K.M. Fox Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study) Lancet 362 2003 782 788
82. C.J. Pepine, E.M. Handberg, R.M. Cooper-DeHoff A calcium antagonist vs a non-calcium antagonist hypertension treatment strategy for patients with coronary artery disease. The International Verapamil-Trandolapril Study (INVEST): a randomized controlled trial JAMA 290 2003 2805 2816
83. G. Manjunath, H. Tighiouart, J. Coresh Level of kidney function as a risk factor for cardiovascular outcomes in the elderly Kidney Int 63 2003 1121 1129
84. R.S. Wright, G.S. Reeder, C.A. Herzog Acute myocardial infarction and renal dysfunction A high-risk combination Ann Intern Med 137 2002 563 570
85. F.C. Trespalacios, A.J. Taylor, L.Y. Agodoa Incident acute coronary syndromes in chronic dialysis patients in the United States Kidney Int 62 2002 1799 1805
86. P.R. Conlin, W.C. Gerth, J. Fox Four-Year persistence patterns among patients initiating therapy with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan versus other artihypertensive drug classes Clin Ther 23 2001 1999 2010