Comprehensive endovascular therapy for femoropopliteal arterial atherosclerotic occlusive disease

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

Volumn 201, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 275-296

  Davies, Mark G ^a   Waldman, David L ^a   Pearson, Thomas A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; CILOSTAZOL; CINNARIZINE; CLOPIDOGREL; INOSITOL NICOTINATE; NAFTIDROFURYL; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PLACEBO; SIMVASTATIN;

ANATOMY; ANGIOPLASTY; ATHERECTOMY; ATHEROGENESIS; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BRACHYTHERAPY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CRYOTHERAPY; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DRUG ELUTING STENT; ECONOMIC ASPECT; EXERCISE; FEMORAL ARTERY; GENE THERAPY; HUMAN; LASER ANGIOPLASTY; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; POPLITEAL ARTERY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING CESSATION; STENT; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASES; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; EXERCISE THERAPY; FEMORAL ARTERY; GENE THERAPY; HUMANS; LIFE STYLE; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; POPLITEAL ARTERY; RISK FACTORS; RISK REDUCTION BEHAVIOR; SMOKING; STENTS; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VASCULAR PATENCY;

EID: 22244482192     PISSN: 10727515     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.03.007     Document Type: Review

References (257)

1. M. Jeremy, T. Perkins, J. Collin Do exercise programmes improve claudication? R.M. Greenhalgh Trials and tribulations of vascular surgery 1996 WB Saunders London 259 267
2. J.P. Pell Impact of intermittent claudication on quality of life Eur J Vasc Endovasc 9 1995 469 472
3. J.C. Breek, J.F. Hamming, J. DeVries The impact of walking impairment, cardiovascular risk factors, and co-morbidity on quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication J Vasc Surg 36 2002 94 99
4. M.H. Criqui, A. Fronek, E. Barrett-Conner The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population Circulation 71 1985 510 515
5. W.R. Hiatt, S. Hoag, R.F. Hamman Effect of diagnostic criteria on the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease, The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study Circulation 91 1995 1472 1479
6. A.T. Hiatt, M.H. Criqui, D. Treat-Johnson Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness and the treatment in primary care JAMA 286 2001 1317 1324
7. W.B. Kannel, D.L. McGee Update on some epidemiological feature of intermittent claudication the Framingham Study J Am Ger Soc 33 1995 13 18
8. W.B. Kannel The demographics of claudication and the aging of the American population Vasc Med 1 1996 60 64
9. G.D. Smith, M.J. Shipley, G. Rose Intermittent claudication, heart disease risk factors and mortality The Whitehall Study Circulation 82 1990 1925 1931
10. G.C. Leng, F.G.R. Fowkes The epidemiology of peripheral vascular disease Vasc Med Rev 4 1993 5 18
11. A.M. Imparato, G.E. Kim, T. Davidson Intermittent claudication its natural course Surgery 78 1975 795 799
12. J.L. Cronenwett, K.G. Warner, T. Davidson Intermittent claudication - current results of non-operative management Arch Surg 119 1984 430 435
13. D.B. Walsh, J.J. Gilbertson, R.M. Zwolak The natural history of superficial femoral artery stenoses J Vasc Surg 14 1991 299 304
14. F.F. McAllister The fate of patients with intermittent claudication managed non-operatively Am J Surg 132 1976 593 595
15. F.G. Fowkes, P.L. Allen, C. Tsampoulas Validity of duplex scanning in the detection of peripheral arterial disease in the general population Eur J Vasc Surg 6 1992 31 35
16. M.H. Criqui, R.D. Langer, A. Fronek Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease N Engl J Med 325 1992 381 386
17. M.H. Criqui, A. Fronek, M.R. Klauber The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of traditional clinical evaluation of peripheral arterial disease results from noninvasive testing in a defined population Circulation 71 1985 516 522
18. M.T. Vogt, M. McKenna, S.J. Anderson Prevalence and correlates of lower extremity arterial disease in elderly women Am J Epidemiol 137 1993 559 568
19. A.B. Newman, K. Sutton-Tyrrrell, M.T. Vogt, L.H. Kuller Morbidity and mortality in hypertensive adults with a low ankle/arm blood pressure index JAMA 270 1993 487 489
20. A.B. Newman, D.S. Siscovick, T.A. Manolio Ankle arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group Circulation 88 1993 837 845
21. W.B. Applegate Ankle/arm pressure index a useful test for clinical practice JAMA 270 1993 497 498
22. P.J. Wensing Arterial tortuosity in the femoropopliteal region during knee flexion J Anat 186 1995 133 139
23. M.R. Jaffe The nature of SFA disease Endovascular Today 3 2004 3 5
24. K. Drisko Characterizing the unique dynamics of the SFA Endovascular Today 7 Supplement 2004 6 8
25. E. Nesbitt, A. Schmidt-Trucksass, K.A. Il'yasov Assessment of arterial blood flow characteristics in normal and atherosclerotic vessels with the fast Fourier flow method MAGMA 10 2000 27 34
26. D.W. Crawford, R.J. Barndt, L.H. Back Surface characteristics of normal and atherosclerotic human arteries including observations suggesting interaction between flow and intimal morphology Lab Invest 34 1976 463 470
27. nd ed 1993 Raven Press New York
28. R.M. Nerem Vascular fluid mechanics, the arterial wall, and atherosclerosis J Biomech Eng 114 1992 274 282
29. P.F. Davies, D.C. Polacek, C. Shi, B.P. Helmke The convergence of haemodynamics, genomics, and endothelial structure in studies of the focal origin of atherosclerosis Biorheology 39 2002 299 306
30. H.C. Stary, A. Bleakley-Chandler, R.E. Dinsmore A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association Circulation 92 1995 1355 1374
31. H.C. Stary, A.B. Chandler, S. Glagov A definition of initial fatty streak and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis a report from the Committeee on Vascular Lesons of the Council on Atheroslerosis, American Heart Association Arterioscler Thromb 14 1994 840 856
32. R. Ross Rous-Whipple Award lecture: Atherosclerosis: a defense mechanism gone awry Am J Pathol 143 1994 987 1002
33. E.A. Schenk Pathology of occlusive disease of the lower extremities Cardiovasc Clin 5 1973 287 310
34. R.T. Lee, P. Libby The unstable atheroma Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17 1997 1859 1867
35. P. Libby Current concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes Circulation 104 2001 365 372
36. M. Aikawa, P. Libby The vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque pathogenesis and therapeutic approach Cardiovasc Pathol 13 2004 125 138
37. TASC Working Group Management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) Transatlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 19 2000 S1 S244
38. I.M. Graham, L.E. Daly, H.M. Refsum Plasma homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease The European Concerted Action Project JAMA 277 1997 1775 1881
39. W.B. Kannel, D.L. McGee, W.P. Castelli Latest perspectives on cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease the Framingham Study J Cardiac Rehabil 4 1984 267 277
40. T. Jonason, R. Bergastrom Cessation of smoking in patients with intermittent claudication Acta Med Scand 221 1987 253 260
41. J. Belch Medical management of intermittent claudication R.M. Greenhalgh Vascular and endovascular opportunities 2000 WB Saunders London 361 388
42. F.G. Fowkes, E. Housley, R.A. Riemersama Smoking, lipids, glucose intolerance and blood pressure as risk factors for peripheral atherosclerosis compared with ischemic heart disease in the Edinburgh Arterial Study Am J Epidemiol 135 1992 331 340
43. S.W.K. Cheng, A.C.W. Ting, J. Wong Lipoprotein(a) and its relationship to risk factors and severity of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 14 1997 17 23
44. O. Brandman, W. Redisch Incidence of peripheral vascular changes in diabetes mellitus Diabetes 2 1953 194 198
45. A.I. Adler, R.J. Stevens, A. Neil UKPDS 59 hyperglycemia and other potentially modifiable risk factors for peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetes Diabetes Care 25 2002 894 899
46. L. Ramsey, B. Williams, G. Johnston Guidelines for management of the British Hypertension Society report of the working party of the British Hypertension Society J Hum Hypertens 13 1999 569 592
47. T.A. Pearson, G.A. Mensah, R.W. Alexander Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Heart Association Circulation 107 2003 499 511
48. T.J. Wang, B.H. Nam, P.W. Wilson Association of C-reactive protein with carotid atherosclerosis in men and women the Framingham Heart Study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22 2002 1662 1667
49. P.M. Ridker, C.H. Hennekens, J.E. Buring C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women N Engl J Med 342 2000 836 843
50. P.M. Ridker, M.J. Stampfer, N. Rifai Novel risk factors for systemic atherosclerosis a comparison of C-reactive protein fibrinogen homocysteine lipoprotein(a) and standard cholesterol screening as predictors of peripheral arterial disease JAMA 285 2001 2481 2485
51. P.M. Ridker, M. Cushman, M.J. Stampfer Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease Circulation 97 1998 425 428
52. M. Schillinger, M. Exner, W. Mlekusch Vascular inflammation and PTA of the femoropopliteal artery association with restenosis Radiology 225 2003 21 26
53. R. Valentine, H.S. Kaplan, R. Green Lipoprotein(a), homocysteine and hypercoaguable states in young men with premature peripheral atherosclerosis a prospective controlled analysis J Vasc Surg 23 1996 53 63
54. F.K. Hoogeveen, P.J. Kostense, P.J. Beks Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus a population-based study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18 1988 133 138
55. J. Selhub, P.F. Jacques, A.G. Bostom Association between plasma homocysteine concentrations and extracranial carotid artery stenosis N Engl J Med 332 1995 286 291
56. P.F. Jacques, J. Selhub, A.G. Bostom The effect of folic acid fortification on plasma folate and total homocysteine concentrations N Engl J Med 340 1999 1449 1454
57. J. Selhub, P.F. Jacques, A.G. Bostom Relationship between plasma homocysteine and vitamin status in the Framingham study population impact of folic acid fortification Public Health Rev 28 2000 117 145
58. H. Mortia, H. Kurihara, H. Kuwaki Homocysteine as a risk factor for restenosis after coronary angioplasty Thromb Haemost 84 2000 7 31
59. I. Hodish, S. Mateetzky, B.A. Selah Effect of elevated homocysteine levels on clinical restenosis following coronary restenosis Cardiology 97 2002 214 217
60. G. Schnyder, M. Roffi, R. Pin Decreased rate of coronary restenosis after lowering of plasma homocysteine levels N Engl J Med 345 2001 1593 1600
61. S.B. Smith, G.D.O. Lowe, F.G.R. Fowkes Smoking, hemostatic facotrs and lipid peroxides in a population case controlled study of peripheral arterial disease Atherosclerosis 102 1993 155 162
62. A. Komarov, E. Panchenko, A. Dobrovolsky D-dimer and platelet aggregability are related to thrombotic events in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease Eur Heart J 23 2002 1309
63. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy - I Prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients BMJ 308 1994 81 106
64. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy II Maintenance of vascular graft or arterial patency by antiplatelet therapy BMJ 308 1994 159 168
65. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration Collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death myocardial infarction and stroke in high risk patients 1 BMJ 324 2002 71 86
66. H. Hess, A. Mietaschk, G. Deichel Drug-induced inhibition of platelet function delays progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease a prospective double blind arteriographically controlled trial Lancet I 1985 415 419
67. CAPRIE Steering Committee A randomized blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischemic events (CAPRIE) Lancet 348 1996 1329 1339
68. S.A. Ray, M.R. Rowley, A. Loh Hypercoagulable states in patients with leg ischemia Br J Surg 81 1994 811 814
69. M.C. Donaldson, D.S. Weinberg, M. Belkin Screening for hypercoagulable states in vascular surgical practice a preliminary study J Vasc Surg 11 1990 825 831
70. A. Strano, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Walenga Plasma levels of the molecular markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with peripheral arterial disease Semin Thromb Hemost 22 Suppl 1 1996 35 40
71. M.C. Donaldson, D.S. Weinberg, M. Belkin Screening for hypercoaguable states in vascular surgical practice a preliminary study J Vasc Surg 11 1990 825 831
72. M. Catalano, U. Russo, A. Linretti Plasma beta thromboglobulin levels and claudication states in vascular surgical practice a preliminary study Angiology 37 1986 339 342
73. I. Gosk-Bierska, R. Adamiec, P. Alexewicz, W.E. Wyokinski Coagulation in diabetic and non diabetic claudicants Int Angiol 21 2002 128 133
74. S.A. Ray, M.R. Rowley, D.H. Bevan Hypercoagulable abnormalities and postoperative failure of arterial reconstruction Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 13 1997 363 370
75. A.J. Lee, F.G. Fowkes, A. Rattray Hemostatic and rheological factors in intermittent claudication the influence of smoking and extent of arterial disease Br J Haematol 92 1996 226 230
76. J. Johansson, N. Egberg, H. Johnsson, L.A. Carlson Serum lipoproteins and hemostatic function in intermittent claudication Arterioscler Thrombo 13 1993 1441 1448
77. K. Handa, M. Takao, J. Nomoto Evaluation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in men with intermittent claudication Angiology 47 1996 543 548
78. P. Mustonen, M. Lepantalo, R. Lassila Physical exertion induces thrombin formation and fibrin degradation in patients with peripheral atherosclerosis Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18 1998 244 249
79. J.E. Price, N. Mamode, F.B. Smith Haemostatic and rheological factors as predictors of restenosis following PTA Eur J Vasc Endovasc 14 1997 392 398
80. A.H. Davies The practical management of claudication BMJ 321 2000 911 912
81. J.M. Murabito, J.C. Evans, K. Nieto Prevalence and clinical correlates of peripheral arterial disease in the Framingham Offspring Study Am Heart J 143 2002 961 965
82. N.L. Benowitz Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction New Engl J Med 319 1988 1318 1330
83. M.C. Fiore Methods used to quit smoking in the United States JAMA 263 1990 2760 2765
84. C. Silagy, D. Mant, G. Foeler, T. Lancaster Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation Cochrane Databse Syst Rev 3 2000 CD000146
85. A. Bohadana, F. Nilsson, T. Rasmussen, Y. Martiner Nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch as a combination therapy for smoking cessation a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial Arch Intern Med 160 2000 3128 3134
86. D.E. Jorenby, S.J. Leiscow, M.A. Nides A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch or both for smoking cessation N Engl J Med 340 1999 685 691
87. R. West, A. McNeill, M. Raw Smoking cessation guidelines for health professionals an update Thorax 12 2000 987 999
88. W.T. Foley Treatment of gangrene of the feet and legs by walking Circulation 15 1957 689 700
89. O.A. Larsen, N.A. Lassen Effect of daily exercise in patients with intermittent claudication Lancet 2 1966 1093 1096
90. K.J. Stewart, W.R. Hiatt, J.G. Regensteiner, A.T. Hirsch Exercise training for claudication N Engl J Med 347 2002 1941 1951
91. H.C. Remijnse-Tamerius, D. Duprez, M. deBuyzere Why is training effective in the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication Int Angiol 18 1999 103 112
92. A.W. Gardner, L.I. Katzel, J.D. Sorkin Improved functional outcomes following exercise rehabilitation in patients with intermittent claudication J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 55 2000 570 577
93. P.V. Tisi, M. Hulse, A. Chulakadabba Exercise training for intermittent claudication does it adversely affect biochemical markers of the exercised induced inflammatory response Eur J Vasc Endovasc 14 1997 344 350
94. J.F. Price, G.C. Leng, F.G.R. Fowkes Should claudicants receive angioplasty or exercise training Cardiovasc Surg 5 1997 463 469
95. A.W. Gardner, E.T. Poehlman Exercise rehabilitation programs for the treatment of claudication pain A meta-analysis JAMA 274 1995 975 980
96. M. Cachovan Methods and results of controlled walking training in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease Z Arztl Fortbild Qualitat Ssich 93 1999 626 632
97. R.D. Walker, S. Nawaz, C.H. Wilkinson Influence of upper and lower limb exercise training on cardiovascular function and walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication J Vasc Surg 31 2000 662 669
98. D.L. Dawson, B.S. Cutler, M.H. Meissner, D.E. Strandness Jr Cilostazol has beneficial effects in treatment of intermittent claudication results from a multicenter randomized prospective double blind trial Circulation 98 1998 678 686
99. Executive summary of the Third Report of The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment panel III) JAMA 285 2001 2486 2497
100. S.M. Grundy, J.I. Cleeman, N.B. Merz Implications of recent clinical trials for National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines Circulation 110 2004 227 239
101. E. Selvin, T.P. Erlinger Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States Circulation 110 2004 738 743
102. R.C. Pasternak, S.C. Smith, C.N. Bairey-Merz ACC/AHA/NHLBI clinical advisory on the use and safety of statins Circulation 106 2002 1024 1028
103. G.C. Leng, J.F. Price, R.G. Jepson Lipid lowering therapy in the treatment of lower limb atherosclerosis Eur J Vasc Endovasc 16 1998 5 6
104. P.E. Laws, J.I. Spark, P.A. Cowled, R.A. Fitridge The role of statins in vascular disease Eur J Vasc Endovasc 27 2004 6 16
105. G.C. Leng, J.F. Price, R.G. Jepson Lipid-lowering for lower limb atherosclerosis Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3 2000 CD000123
106. T.R. Pederson, J. Kjekshus, K. Pyorala Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) Am J Cardiol 81 1998 333 335
107. W.S. Aronow, D. Nayak, S. Woodworth, C. Ahn Effect of Simvastatin versus placebo on threadmill exercise time until the onset of intermittent claudication in older patients with peripheral arterial disease at six months and at one year after treatment Am J Cardiol 92 2003 711 712
108. M.M. McDermott, J.M. Guralnik, P. Greenland Statin use and leg functioning in patients with and without lower extremity peripheral arterial disease Circulation 107 2003 757 761
109. E.R. Mohler, W.R. Hiatt, M.A. Creager Study Investigators Cholesterol reduction with atorvastatin improves walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease Circulation 108 2003 1481 1486
110. S.R. Money, J.A. Herd, J.L. Isaacsohn Effect of cilostazol on walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication caused by peripheral vascular disease J Vasc Surg 27 1998 267 274
111. P.D. Thompson, R. Zimat, W.P. Forbes, P. Zhang Meta-analysis of results from eight randomized placebo-controlled trials on the effect of cilostazol on patients with intermittent claudication Am J Cardiol 90 2002 1314 1319
112. S. Rajagopalan, J. Trachtenberg, E. Mohler Phase I study of direct administration of a replication deficient adenovirus vector containing the vascular endothelial growth factor cDNA (CI-1023) to patients with claudication Am J Cardiol 90 2002 512 516
113. S. Rajagopalan, E. Mohler, R.J. Lederman Regional angiogenesis with vascular endothelial growth factor in peripheral arterial disease Circulation 108 2003 1933 1938
114. R.J. Lederman, F.O. Mendelsohn, R.D. Anderson Therapeutic angiogenesis with recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 for intermittent claudication (the TRAFFIC study) a randomised trial Lancet 259 2002 2053 2058
115. C.T. Dotter, M.P. Judkins Transluminal treatment of arteriosclerotic obstruction Circulation 30 1964 654 670
116. A.R. Gruntzig Percutane Rekanalization chronischer Arterieller Verschlusse mit einem neuen Dilatationskatheter Duetsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 99 1974 2502 2510
117. P.J. Matsi, H.I. Manninen, H.K. Soder PTA in femoral artery occlusions primary and longterm results in 107 claudicant patients using femoral and popliteal catheterization techniques Clin Radiol 50 1995 237 244
118. J.A. Reekers, J.G. Kromhout, M.J. Jacobs Percutaneous intentional extraluminal recanalization of the femoropopliteal artery Eur J Vasc Surg 8 1994 723 728
119. A. Bolia, K.A. Miles, J. Brennan, P.R. Bell Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of occlusions of the femoral and popliteal arteries by subintimal dissection Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 13 1990 357 363
120. S. Yilmaz, T. Sindel, K. Ceken Subintimal recanalization of long superficial femoral artery occlusions through the retrograde popliteal approach Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 24 2001 154 160
121. A.W. Clowes, M.A. Reidy, M.M. Clowes Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury. I: Smooth muscle cell growth in the absence of endothelium Lab Invest 49 1983 327 333
122. H. Perlman, L. Maillard, K. Krasinski, K. Walsh Evidence for the rapid onset of apoptosis in medial smooth muscle cells after balloon injury Circulation 95 1997 981 987
123. A.W. Clowes, S.M. Schwartz Significance of quiescent smooth muscle cell migration in the injured rat carotid artery Circ Res 56 1985 139 145
124. H. Hanke, T. Strohschneider, M. Oberhoff Time course of smooth muscle cell proliferation in the intima and media of arteries following experimental angioplasty Circ Res 67 1990 651 659
125. M.W. Majesky, S.M. Schwartz, M.M. Clowes, A.W. Clowes Heparin regulates smooth muscle S phase entry in the injured rat carotid artery Circ Res 61 1987 296 300
126. R.S. More, G. Rutty, M.J. Underwood Assessment of myointimal cellular kinetics in a model of angioplasty by means of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression Am Heart J 128 1994 681 686
127. R. Waksman, J.C. Rodriquez, K.A. Robinson Effect of intravascular irradiation on cell proliferation, apoptosis and vascular remodelling after balloon overstretch injury of porcine coronary arteries Circulation 96 1997 1944 1952
128. G.A. Ferns, E.W. Raines, K.H. Sprugel Inhibition of neointimal smooth muscle accumulation after angioplasty by an antibody to PDGF Science 253 1991 1129 1132
129. C. Hehrlein, C. Gollan, K. Donges Low-dose radioactive endovascular stents prevent smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in rabbits Circulation 92 1995 1570 1575
130. G. Bauriedel, D. Skowasch, A. Jabs Insights into vascular pathology after intracoronary brachytherapy Z Kardiol 91 Suppl 3 2002 1 9
131. S.M. Schwartz Smooth muscle migration in atherosclerosis and restenosis J Clin Invest 100 11 Suppl 1997 S87 S89
132. M.G. Davies, P.-O. Hagen Pathobiology of intimal hyperplasia Br J Surg 81 1994 1254 1269
133. N.A. Scott, F. Martin, L. Simonet Contribution of adventitial myofibroblasts to vascular remodelling and lesion formation after experimental angioplasty in pig coronaries FASEB J 9 1995 A845 (abstract)
134. P. Ferrer, M. Valentine, T. Jenkins-West Periadventitial changes in the balloon injured rat carotid artery FASEB J 10 1996 A618 (abstract)
135. E.R. O'Brien, C.E. Alpers, D.K. Stewart Proliferation in primary and restenotic coronary atherectomy tissue implications for antiproliferative therapy Circ Res 73 1993 223 231
136. G. Bauriedel, U. Windstetter, S.J.J. DeMaio Migratory activity of human smooth muscle cells cultivated from coronary and peripheral primary and restenotic lesions removed by percutaneous atherectomy Circulation 85 1992 554 564
137. M.D. Rekhter, S.M. Schwartz, E. O'Brien Collagen I gene expression in human coronary lesions, primary atherosclerotic versus restenosis (abstract) Circulation 88 Part 2 1993 I-228
138. I.J. Sarembock, P.J. LaVeau, S.L. Sigal Influence of inflation pressure and balloon size on the development of intimal hyperplasia after balloon angioplasty. A study in the atherosclerotic rabbit Circulation 80 1989 1029 1040
139. L. VanErven, M.J. Post, E. Velema, C. Borst In the normal rabbit femoral artery increasing arterial wall injury does not lead to increased intimal hyperplasia J Vasc Res 31 1994 153 162
140. H. Sakamoto, S. Nozaki, K. Misumi Smooth muscle cell proliferation in the arterial intima after stretch injury - relationship between and severity of stretching and intimal hyperplasia in the New Zealand White rabbits Jikken Dobutsu Experimental Animals 45 1996 89 93
141. H.R. Andersen, M. Maeng, M. Thorwest, E. Falk Remodeling rather than neointimal formation explains luminal narrowing after deep vessel wall injury - insights from a porcine coronary (re)stenosis model Circulation 93 1996 1716 1724
142. F.N. Moornekamp, C. Borst, M.J. Post Endothelial cell recoverage and intimal hyperplasia after endothelium removal with or without smooth muscle cell necrosis in the rabbit carotid artery J Vasc Res 33 1996 146 155
143. W. Cwikiel Restenosis after balloon angioplasty and/or stent insertion - origin and prevention Acta Radiologica 43 2002 442 454
144. H.C. Lowe, S.N. Oesterle, L.M. Khachigan Coronary in stent restenosis Current status and future strategies J Am Coll Cardiol 39 2002 183 193
145. R. Mehran, G. Dangas, A. Abizaid Angiographic patterns of in stent restenosis classification and implications for longterm outcome Circulation 100 1999 1872 1878
146. R. Hoffman, G.S. Mintz, R.G. Dussaillant Patterns and mechanisms of in stent restenosis a serial intravascular ultrasound study Circulation 94 1996 1247 1254
147. R. Virmani, A. Farb Pathology of instent restenosis Curr Opin Lipidol 10 1999 499 506
148. A. Abizaid, R. Kornowski, G.S. Mintz The influence of diabetes mellitus on acute and late outcomes following coronary stent implantation J Am Coll Cardiol 32 1998 584 589
149. A.J. Carter, L. Bailey, J. Devries, B. Hubbard The effects of uncontrolled hyperglycemia on thrombosis and formation of neoinitma after coronary stent placement in a novel diabetic porcine model of restenosis Coron Artery Dis 11 2000 473 479
150. R.E. Baier, R.C. Dutton Initial events in interaction of blood with a foreign surface J Biomed Mater Res 3 1969 191
151. H. Emneus, U. Stenram Metal implants in the human body Acta Orthop Scand 36 1965 116
152. H. Parsson, W. Cwikiel, K. Johansson, P. Swartbol, L. Norgren Deposition of platelets and neitrophils on porcine iliac arteries and angioplasty and Wallstent placement compared with angioplasty alone Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 17 1994 190 196
153. H. Bai, J. Masuda, Y. Sawa Neointima formation after vascular stent implantation spatial and chronological distribution of smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic modulation Arterioscler Thromb 14 1994 1846 1853
154. R.S. Schwartz, K.C. Huber, J.G. Murphy Restenosis and the porportional neointimal response to coronary artery injury results in a porcine model J Am Coll Cardiol 19 1992 267 274
155. R. Kornowski, M.K. Hong, O.T. Fermin In-stent restenosis contributions of inflammatory responses and arterial injury to neointima hyperplasia J Am Coll Cardiol 31 1998 224 230
156. J.L. Sanada, O. Matsui, J. Yoshikawa, T. Matsuoka An experimental study of endovascular stenting with special reference to the effects on the aortic vasa vasorum Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 21 1998 45 49
157. J.-P. Becquemin, A. Cavillon, F. Haiduc Surgical transluminal femoropopliteal angioplasty multivariate analysis outcome J Vasc Surg 19 1994 495 502
158. P. Capek, G.K. McLean, H.D. Berkowitz Femoropopliteal angioplasty. Factors influencing long-term success Circulation 83 2 suppl 1991 170 180
159. M.G. Hunink, M.C. Donaldson, M.F. Meyerovitz Risks and benefits of femoropopliteal percutaneous balloon angioplasty J Vasc Surg 17 1993 183 192
160. K.W. Johnston Femoral and popliteal arteries re-analysis of results of balloon angioplasty Radiology 183 1992 767 771
161. T.W.I. Clark, J.L. Groffsky, M.C. Soulen Predictors of longterm patency after femoropopliteal angioplasty results from the STAR registry J Vasc Intervent Radiol 12 2001 923 933
162. B. Jorgensen, K.H. Tonnesen, P. Holstein Late hemodynamic failure following PTA for long and multifocal femoropopliteal stenoses Cardiovasc Interv Radiol 14 1991 290 292
163. H.K. Soeder, H.I. Manninen, H.T. Raesaenen Longterm patency of femoropopliteal artery angioplasty results of a prospective trial J Vasc Intervent Radiol 13 2002 361 369
164. M.C. Dalsing, E. Cockerill, R. Deupreee Outcome predictors in selection of balloon angioplasty or surgery for peripheral arterial occlusive disease Surgery 110 1991 636 643 Veterans Administration Cooperative Study No. 199
165. R.A. Bucek, P. Hudak, G. Schnurer Clinical long-term results of PTA in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease Vasa 31 2002 36 42
166. R. Hewes, R.J. White, R. Murray Longterm results of superficial femoral artery angioplasty Am J Roentgenol 146 1986 1025 1029
167. R. Cambria, G. Faust, R. Gusberg Percutaneous angioplasty for peripheral arterial occlusive disease correlates of clinical success Arch Surg 122 1987 283 287
168. R.E. Parsons, W.D. Suggs, J.J. Lee Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the treatment of limb threatening ischemia do the results justify an attempt before bypass grafting J Vasc Surg 28 1998 1066 1071
169. D.R. Martin, S.G. Katz, R.D. Kohl, D. Qian Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of infrainguinal vessels Ann Vasc Surg 13 1999 184 187
170. E.P. Strecker, I.B. Boos, D. Goettmann Femoropoplitreal artery stent placement evaluation of longterm success Radiology 205 1997 375 383
171. H. Rousseau, C. Raillat, F. Joffre Treatment of femoropopliteal stenoses by means of self-expandable endoprosthesis mid term results Radiology 172 1989 961 964
172. P.J. Matsi, H.I. Manninen, R.L. Vanninen Femoropopliteal angioplasty in patients with claudication primary and secondary patency in 140 limbs with 1-3 year follow up Radiology 191 1994 727 733
173. M.G.M. Hunink, J.B. Wong, M.C. Donaldson Revascularization for femoropopliteal disease JAMA 274 1995 165 171
174. B. Jorgensen, S. Meisner, P. Holstein, K.H. Tonnesen Early rethrombosis in femoropopliteal occlusions treated with PTA Eur J Vasc Surg 4 1990 149 152
175. N.J. London, R. Srinivasan, A.R. Naylor Subintimal angioplasty of femoropopliteal artery occlusions the long term results Eur J Vasc Surg 8 1994 148 155
176. E. Laxdal, G.L. Jenssen, G. Pedersen, S. Aune Subintimal angioplasty as a treatment of femoropopliteal artery occlusions Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 25 2003 578 582
177. E.J. Gussenhoven, A. vanderLugt, G. Pasterkamp Intravascular ultrasound predictors of outcome after peripheral balloon angioplasty Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 10 1995 279 288
178. K.C. Vogt, S. Just, J.G. Rasmussen, T.V. Schroeder Prediction of outcome after femoropopliteal balloon angioplasty by IVUS Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 13 1997 563 568
179. A. vanderLugt, E.J. Gussenhoven, G. Pasterkamp Intravascular ultrasound predictor of restenosis after balloon angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 16 1998 110 119
180. A.M. Spijkerboer, P.C. Nass, J.C. deValois Evaluation of femoropopliteal arteries with duplex ultrasound after angioplasty. Can we predict results at one year? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 12 1996 418 423
181. W. vanLankeren, E.J. Gussenhoven, J. Honkoop Plaque area increase and vascular remodeling contribute to lumen area change after PTA of the femoropopliteal artery an intravascular ultrasound study J Vasc Surg 29 1999 430 431
182. S.E. Wilson, G.L. Wold, A.P. Cross Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty versus operation for peripheral atherosclerosis report of a prospective randomized trial in a selected group of patients J Vasc Surg 9 1989 1 9
183. G.S. Treiman, L. Ichikawa, R.L. Treiman Treatment of recurrent femoral or popliteal artery stenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty J Vasc Surg 20 1994 577 587
184. M.A. Milford, F.A. Weaver, C.J. Lundell Femoropopliteal PTA for limb salvage J Vasc Surg 8 1988 292 299
185. J.M. Blair, B.L. Gewertz, H. Moosa PTA versus surgery for limb threatening ischemia J Vasc Surg 9 1989 698 703
186. M.W. Armstrong, E.P. Torrie, R.B. Galland Consequences of immediate failure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty Ann R Coll Surg Engl 74 1992 265 268
187. I.I. Galaria, S.M. Surowiec, J.M. Rhodes Implications of early failure of superficial femoral artery endoluminal interventions Ann Vasc Surg 41 2005 in press
188. A. Alback, F. Biancari, S. Schmidt Haemodynamic results of femoropopliteal PTA Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 16 1998 7 12
189. J. Holm, B. Arfvidsson, L. Jivegard Chronic limb ischemia a prospective randomized controlled study comparing the 1 year results of vascular surgery and PTA Eur J Vasc Surg 6 1991 517 522
190. S. Zannetti, G.J. L'Italien, R.P. Cambria Functional outcome after surgical treatment for intermittent claudication J Vasc Surg 24 1996 65 73
191. L.A. Karch, M.A. Mattos, J.P. Henretta, R.B. McLafferty Clinical failure after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the SFA and popliteal arteries J Vasc Surg 31 2000 880 887
192. D. Vroegindewij, A.V. Tielbeck, J. Buth Recanalization of femoropopliteal occlusive lesions a comparison of longterm clinicalcolor duplexultrasound and
193. S.M. Surowiec, M.G. Davies, D. Lee Percutaneous angioplasty and stenting of the superficial femoral artery J Vasc Surg 41 2005 269 278
194. H. El-Bayar, A. Roberts, R. Hye Determinants of failure in superficial femoral artery angioplasty Angiology 43 1992 877 885
195. H.W. Heiss, J. Just, D. Middleton, G. Deichsel Reocclusion prophylaxis with dipyridamole combined with acetylsalicylic acid following PTA Angiology 41 1990 263 269
196. H.W. Heiss, K. Mathias, A.H. Beck Efficacy of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole for prevention of recurrence of femoral and popliteal arterial lesions following PTA Cor Vasa 1 1987 25 34
197. E. Minar, H. Ehringer, R. Ahmadi Platelet deposition at angioplasty sites and its relation to restenoses in human iliac and femoropopliteal arteries Radiology 170 1989 767 772
198. E. Minar, A. Ahmadi, R. Koppensteiner Comparison of effects of high dose and low dose aspirin on restenosis after femoropopliteal PTA Circulation 91 1995 2167 2173
199. Z. Zdanowski, U. Albrechtsson, A. Lundin Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with or without stenting for femoropopliteal occlusions? A randomized controlled study Int Angiol 18 1999 251 255
200. D. Vroegindeweij, L.D. Vos, J. Buth, H.C. Bosch Balloon angioplasty combined with primary stenting versus balloon angioplasty alone in femoropopliteal obstructions a comparative randomized study Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 20 1997 420 425
201. M. Cejna, M. Schoder, J. Lammer PTA versus stent in femoropopliteal obstruction Radiologie 39 1999 144 150
202. J.-P. Becquemin, J.-P. Favre, J. Marzelle Systematic versus selective stent placement after SFA balloon angioplasty A multicenter prospective randomized study J Vasc Surg 37 2003 487 494
203. P. Chatelard, C. Guibort Longterm results with a palmez stent in the femoropopliteal arteries J Cardiovasc Surg 37 suppl 1 1996 67 72
204. M. Sapoval, A.L. Long, A.C. Raynaud Femoropopliteal stent placement longterm results Radiology 184 1992 833 839
205. S.W.K. Cheng, A.C.W. Ting, J. Wong Endovascular stenting of SFA stenosis and occlusions results and risk factor analysis Cardiovasc Surg 9 2001 133 140
206. D. Liermann, E.P. Strecker, J. Peters The Strecker Stent indications and results in iliac and femoropopliteal arteries Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 15 1992 298 305
207. C.L. Zollikofer, F. Antonucci, M. Pfyffer Arterial stent placement with use of the Wall Stent midterm results of clinical experience Radiology 179 1991 449 456
208. S. Sabeti, W. Mlekusch, J. Amighi Primary patency of long-segment self-expanding nitinol stents in the femoropopliteal arteries J Endovasc Ther 12 2005 6 12
209. A.H. Cragg, M.D. Dake Percutaneous femoropopliteal graft placement Radiology 187 1993 643 648
210. R.R. Saxon, J.M. Coffman, J.M. Gooding Longterm results of ePTFE stent-graft versus angioplasty in the femoropopliteal artery single center experience from a prospective randomized trial J Vasc Interv Radiol 14 2003 303 311
211. H.A. Deutschmann, P. Schedibauer, V. Berczi Placement of hemobahn stent-grafts in femoropopliteal arteries early experience and midterm results in 18 patients J Vasc Interv Radiol 12 2001 943 949
212. U. Blum, P. Fugel, S. Ebert Stent grafting for stenotic/occlusive lesions of femoropopliteal arteries 1996 In: 38th Annual World Congress of the International College of Angiology; Cologne, Germany
213. J. Link, S. Muller-Hulsbeck, J. Brossmann Unimantelte stents bei oberschenkelarterienverschlussen ein erfahrungsbericht nach 2 jahrigeranwendung ROFO 164 1996 107 (abstract)
214. M. Henry, M. Amor, M. Cragg Occlusive and aneurysm peripheral arterial disease assessment of a stent graft system Radiology 201 1996 717 724
215. D. Boeckler, P. Blaurock, U. Mannsman Early surgical outcomes after failed primary stenting for lower limb occlusive disease J Endovasc Ther 12 2005 13 21
216. S.H. Duda, B. Pusich, G. Richter Sirolimus-eluting stents for the treatment of obstructive superficial femoral artery disease, six month results Circulation 106 2002 1505 1509
217. S.H. Duda, T.C. Poerner, B. Wiesinger Drug eluting stents potential applications for peripheral arterial occlusive disease J Vasc Interv Radiol 14 2003 291 301
218. S.J. Savader, A.C. Venbrux, S.E. Mitchell Percutaneous transluminal atherectomy of the superficial and femoral and popliteal arteries long-term results in 48 patients Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 17 1994 312 318
219. P.R. Nelson, R.J. Powell, R.R. Proia Results of endovascular superficial femoral endarterectomy J Vasc Surg 34 2001 526 531
220. P.M. Wildenhain, M.H. Wholey, C.R. Jarmolowski, K.L. Hill Infrainguinal directional atherectomy long term followup and comparison with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 17 1994 305 311
221. I. Moussa, J. Moses, C. DiMario Stenting after optimal lesion debulking (SOLD) registry. Angiographic and clinical outcome Circulation 98 1998 1604 1609
222. E. Bramucci, L. Angoli, P.A. Merlini Adjunctive stent implantation following directional coronary atherectomy in patients with coronary artery disease J Am Coll Cardiol 32 1998 1855 1860
223. H. Dauerman, D. Balm, D. Cutlip Mechanical debulking versus balloon angioplasty for the treatment of diffuse in-stent restenosis Am J Cardiol 82 1998 277 284
224. G. Dorros, S. Iyer, R. Lewin Angiographic follow up and clinical outcome of 126 patients after percutaneous directional atherectomy (Simpson Atherocath) for occlusive peripheral vascular disease Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn 22 1991 79 84
225. A. vonPolnitz, A. Nerlich, H. Berger, B. Hofling Percutaneous peripheral atherectomy angiographic and clinical follow up of 60 patients J Am Coll Cardiol 15 1990 682 688
226. G. Kuffer, F.A. Spengel, R. Hansen Simpson's atherectomy of the peripheral arteries early results and follow up Rofo 153 1990 61 67
227. R. Kolvenbach, H. Strosche Longterm results after rotation angioplasty and catheter atherectomy. A retrospective analysis J Cardiovasc Surg 39 1998 15 18
228. A.V. Tielbeek, D. Vroegindeweij, J. Buth, G.H. Ladman Comparison of balloon angioplasty and Simpson atherectomy for lesions in the femoropopliteal artery angiographic and clinical results of a prospective randomized trial J Vasc Interv Radiol 7 1996 837 844
229. S. Nakamura, R.M. Conroy, I.L. Gordon A randomized trial of transcutaneus extraction atherectomy in femoral arteries intravascular ultrasound observations J Clin Ultrasound 23 1995 461 471
230. I.L. Gordon, R.M. Conroy, J.M. Tobis Determinants of patency after percutaneous angioplasty and atherectomy of occluded SFA Am J Surg 168 1994 115 119
231. G.S. Mintz, J.A. Kovach, S.P. Javier Mechanisms of lumen enlargement after excimer laser coronary angioplasty an intravascular ultrasound study Circulation 92 1995 3408 3414
232. O. Topaz, T. Das, J. Dahm Excimer laser revascularization current indications, applications and techniques Lasers Med Sci 16 2001 72 77
233. J. Lammer, E. Pilger, M. Decrinis Pulsed excimer laser versus continuous wave Nd:YAG laser versus conventional angioplasty of peripheral arterial occlusions prospective controlled randomized trial Lancet 340 1992 1183 1188
234. A.M. Belli, D.C. Cumberland, A.E. Procter Total peripheral artery occlusions conventional versus laser thermal recanalization with a hybrid probe in percutaneous angioplasty - results of a randomized trial Radiology 181 1991 57 60
235. D. Scheinert, J.R. Laird, M. Schroeder Excimer laser-assisted recanalization of long chronic superficial femoral artery occlusion J Endovasc Ther 8 2001 156 166
236. H.F. Odink, H.C. deValois, B.C. Eikelboom Femoropopliteal artery recanalization factors affecting clinical outcome of conventional and laser assisted balloon angioplasty Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 18 1995 162 167
237. H.J. Steinkamp, J. Rademaker, C. Wissgott Percutaneous transluminal laser angioplasty versus balloon dilation for treatment of popliteal artery occlusions J Endovasc Ther 9 2002 882 888
238. T. Nicholson Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and enclosed thrombolysis versus PTA in the treatment of femoropopliteal occlusion results of a prospective randomized trial Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 21 1998 470 474
239. D. Liermann, H.D. Bottcher, J. Kollath Prophylactic endovascular radiotherapy to prevent intimal hyperplasia after stent implantation in femoropopliteal arteries Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 17 1994 12 16
240. R. Wyttenbach, A. Gallino, M. Alerci Effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and endovascular brachytherapy on vascular remodeling of human femoropopliteal artery by noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging Circulation 110 2004 1156 1161
241. T. Hagenaars, I.F.L.A. Po, R.H.M. vanSambeek Gamma radiation induces positive vascular remodeling after balloon angioplasty a prospective randomized IVUS scan study J Vasc Surg 36 2002 31 324
242. E. Minar, B. Pokrajac, T. Maca Endovascular brachytherapy for prophylaxis of restenosis after femoropopliteal angioplasty Circulation 102 2000 2694 2699
243. K. Krueger, P. Landwehr, M. Bendel Endovascular gamma irradiation of femoropopliteal de novo stenoses immediately after PTA interim results of prospective randomized controlled trial Radiology 224 2002 519 528
244. R.M. Wolfram, B. Pokrajac, R. Ahmadi Endovascular brachytherapy for prophylaxis against restenosis after long segment femoropopliteal placement of stents initial results Radiology 220 2001 724 729
245. R. Waksman, J.R. Laird, C.T. Jurkovitz Intravascular radiation therapy after balloon angioplasty of narrowed femoropopliteal arteries to prevent restenosis results of the PARIS feasibility clinical trial J Vasc Intervent Radiol 12 2001 915 921
246. A.N. Cheema, N. Nili, C.W. Li Effects of intravascular cryotherapy on vessel wall repair in a balloon injured rabbit iliac artery model Cardiovasc Res 59 2003 222 233
247. J.R. Laird, G. Biamino, M.R. Jaff Femoropopliteal outcomes with cryoplasty final results of the cryovascular safety registry J Vasc Interv Radiol 15 2004 S218 (abstract)
248. M. Fava, S. Loyola, A. Polydorou Cryoplasty for femoropopliteal arterial disease late angiographic results of initial human experience J Vasc Interv Radiol 15 2004 1239 1243
249. M.R. Whyman, F.G. Fowkes, E.M. Kerracher Is intermittent claudication improved by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty? A randomized control trial J Vasc Surg 26 1997 551 557
250. M.R. Whyman, F.G.R. Fowkes, E.M.G. Kerracher Randomized controlled trial of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intermmittent claudication Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 12 1996 167 172
251. J.M. Perkins, J. Collin, T.S. Creasy Exercise training versus angioplasty for stable claudication. Long and medium term results of a prospective randomized study Eur J Vasc Surg 11 1996 409 413
252. T.S. Creasy, P.J. McMillan, E.W. Fletcher Is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty better than exercise for claudication? Preliminary results from a prospective randomized study Eur J Vasc Surg 4 1990 135 140
253. I.C. Chetter, J.I. Spark, P.J. Kent Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intermittent claudication Evidence on which to base the medicine Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 16 1998 477 484
254. C. Taft, J. Karlsson, J. Gelin Treatment of intermittent claudication by invasive therapy, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomized patients II one year results of health related quality of life Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 22 2001 114 223
255. E. Lundgren, A. Dahllof, K. Lundholm Intermittent claudication surgical reconstruction or physical training? A prospective randomized trial of treatment efficiency Ann Surg 209 1989 346 355
256. D. Vroegindewij, M. Idu, J. Buth The cost effectiveness of treatment of short occlusive lesions in the femoropopliteal artery balloon angioplasty versus endarterectomy Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 10 1995 40 50
257. M.G.M. Hunink, J.B. Wong, M.C. Donaldson Revascularization for femoropopliteal disease a decision and cost effectiveness analysis JAMA 274 1995 165 171