An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils

Nature

Volumn 436, Issue 7047, 2005, Pages 49-54

  Yen, Albert S ^a   Gellert, Ralf ^b   Schröder, Christian ^c   Morris, Richard V ^d   Bell III, James F ^e   Knudson, Amy T ^f   Clark, Benton C ^g   Ming, Douglas W ^d   Crisp, Joy A ^a   Arvidson, Raymond E ^h   Blaney, Diana ^a   Brückner, Johannes ^b   Christensen, Philip R ^f   DesMarais, David J ⁱ   De Souza Jr , Paulo A ^j   Economou, Thanasis E ^k   Ghosh, Amitabha ^l   Hahn, Brian C ^m   Herkenhoff, Kenneth E ⁿ   Haskin, Larry A ^h   Hurowitz, Joel A ^m   Joliff, Bradley L ^h   Johnson, Jeffrey R ⁿ   Klingelhöfer, Göstar ^c   Madsen, Morten Bo ^o   McLennan, Scott M ^m   McSween, Harry Y ^l   Richter, Lutz ^p   Rieder, Rudi ^b   Rodionov, Daniel ^c   Soderblom, Larry ⁿ   Squyres, Steven W ^e   Tosca, Nicholas J ^m   Wang, Alian ^h   Wyatt, Michael ^f   Zipfel, Jutta ^b   more..

^a CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR CHEMISTRY   (Germany)

^c JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^d NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER   (United States)

^e Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^f ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g LOCKHEED MARTIN   (United States)

^h WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁱ NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^j VALE S A   (Brazil)

^k UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^l UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^m STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

ⁿ U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^o UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^p GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BASALT; MARTIAN SURFACE ANALYSIS; MINERALOGY; NATURAL RESOURCES EXPLORATION; NICKEL; OLIVINE; PLANETS; WEATHERING;

ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONS; MARS EXPLORATION; MARTIAN SOILS; SOLUBLE SALTS;

SOILS;

BROMINE; NICKEL; SODIUM CHLORIDE; WATER; IRON DERIVATIVE; MAGNESIUM DERIVATIVE; MINERAL; OLIVINE; SILICATE;

MARS; SOIL ANALYSIS;

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; CHEMISTRY; FILM; METEOROLOGICAL PHENOMENA; MINERAL DUST; MINERALOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ROCK; SOIL; SOIL ANALYSIS; SOIL PROPERTY; SPACE FLIGHT; SURFACE PROPERTY; WEATHERING; BASALT; DUST; INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; MICROCLIMATE; MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY; SEDIMENT;

EMMELICHTHYIDAE;

BROMINE; DUST; EXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT; GEOLOGIC SEDIMENTS; IRON COMPOUNDS; MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS; MARS; MINERALS; NICKEL; SILICATES; SOIL; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, INFRARED; SPECTROSCOPY, MOSSBAUER; WATER;

EID: 21844447349     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature03637     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Binder, A. B. et al. The geology of the Viking Lander 1 Site. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 4439-4451 (1977).
2. Mutch, T. A., Arvidson, R. E., Binder, A. B., Guinness, E. A. & Morris, E. C. The geology of the Viking 2 Site. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 4452-4467 (1977).
3. Clark, B. C. et al. Chemical composition of the Martian Fines. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 10059-10067 (1982).
4. Clark, B. C. et al. The Viking X ray fluorescence experiment: Analytical methods and early results. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 4577-4594 (1977).
5. Golombek, M. P. et al. Overview of the Mars Pathfinder Mission and assessment of landing site predictions. Science 278, 1743-1748 (1997).
6. Rieder, R., Wanke, H., Economou, T. & Turkevich, A. Determination of the chemical composition of Martian soil and rocks: The alpha proton X ray spectrometer. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 4027-4044 (1997).
7. Brückner, J., Dreibus, G., Rieder, R. & Wänke, H. Refined data of Alpha Proton X-ray Spectrometer analyses of soils and rocks at the Mars Pathfinder site: Implications for surface chemistry. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002060 (2003).
8. Foley, C. N., Economou, T. & Clayton, R. N. Final chemical results from the Mars Pathfinder alpha proton X-ray spectrometer. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002019 (2003).
9. Bishop, J. L., Murchie, S. L., Pieters, C. M. & Zent, A. P. A model of dust, soil, and rock coatings on Mars: Physical and chemical processes on the Martian surface. J. Geophys. Res. 107, doi:10.1029/2001JE001581 (2002).
10. Huck, F. O. et al. Spectrophotometric and color estimates of the Viking Lander sites. J. Geophys. Res. 82, 4401-4411 (1977).
11. Smith, P. H. et al. Results from the Mars Pathfinder camera. Science 278, 1758-1765 (1997).
12. Squyres, S. W. et al. The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Gusev Crater, Mars. Science 305, 794-799 (2004).
13. Squyres, S. W. et al. The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars. Science 306, 1698-1703 (2004).
14. Bell, J. F. III et al. Mars Exploration Rover Athena Panoramic Camera (Pancam) investigation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002070 (2003).
15. Christensen, P. R. et al. Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer for the Mars Exploration Rovers. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002117 (2003).
16. Herkenhoff, K. E. et al. Athena Microscopic Imager investigation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002076 (2003).
17. Klingelhöfer, G. et al. Athena MIMOS II Mössbauer spectrometer investigation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002138 (2003).
18. Rieder, R. et al. The new Athena alpha particle X-ray spectrometer for the Mars Exploration Rovers. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002150 (2003).
19. Gorevan, S. P. et al. Rock abrasion tool: Mars Exploration Rover mission. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002061 (2003).
20. Madsen, M. B. et al. Magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rover mission. J. Geophys. Res. 108, doi:10.1029/2002JE002029 (2003).
21. Arvidson, R. E. et al. Localization and physical properties experiments conducted by Spirit at Gusev Crater. Science 305, 821-824 (2004).
22. Klingelhöfer, G. et al. Jarosite and hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer spectrometer. Science 306, 1740-1745 (2004).
23. Christensen, P. R. et al. Detection of crystalline hematite mineralization on Mars by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer: Evidence for near-surface water. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 9623-9642 (2000).
24. Soderblom, L. A. et al. The soils of Eagle Crater and Meridiani Planum. Science 306, 1723-1726 (2004).
25. Gellert, R. et al. Chemistry of rocks and soils in Gusev Crater from the Alpha Particle X-ray spectrometer. Science 305, 829-832 (2004).
26. Morris, R. V. et al. Mineralogy at Gusev crater from the Mössbauer spectrometer on the Spirit rover. Science 305, 833-836 (2004).
27. Lane, M. D., Dyar, M. D. & Bishop, J. L. Spectroscopic evidence for hydrous iron sulfate in the Martian soil. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31, L19702, doi:10.1029/ 2004GL021231 (2004).
28. Bell, J. F. III et al. Mineralogic and compositional properties of martian soil and dust: results from Mars Pathfinder. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 1721-1755 (2000).
29. Adams, J. B. & McCord, T. B. Mars: interpretation of spectral reflectivity of light and dark regions. J. Geophys. Res. 74, 4851-4856 (1969).
30. Morris, R. V. et al. Mineralogy, composition, and alteration of Mars Pathfinder rocks and soils: Evidence from multispectral, elemental, and magnetic data on terrestrial analogue, SNC meteorite, and Pathfinder samples. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 1757-1817 (2000).
31. Bandfield, J. L. & Smith, M. D. Multiple emission angle surface-atmosphere separations of Thermal Emission Spectrometer data. Icarus 161, 47-65 (2003).
32. Christensen, P. R. et al. Initial results from the Mini-TES experiment in Gusev crater from the Spirit rover. Science 305, 837-842 (2004).
33. Christensen, P. R. et al. Mineralogy at Meridiani Planum from the Mini-TES experiment on the Opportunity rover. Science 306, 1733-1739 (2004).
34. Goetz, W. et al. Chemistry and mineralogy of magnetic dust at Gusev crater. Nature doi: 10.1038/nature03xxx (this issue).
35. Bertelsen, P. et al. Magnetic properties experiments on the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit at Gusev crater. Science 305, 827-829 (2004).
36. Rieder, R. et al. Chemical composition of martian rocks and soils at Meridiani Planum from the Alpha Particle X-ray spectrometer. Science 306, 1746-1749 (2004).
37. Bell, J. F. III et al. Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Opportunity rover at Meridiani Planum. Science 306, 1703-1709 (2004).
38. Bell, J. F. III et al. Pancam multispectral imaging results from the Spirit rover at Gusev crater. Science 305, 800-806 (2004).
39. Bandfield, J. L., Hamilton, V. E. & Christensen, P. R. A global view of Martian volcanic compositions. Science 287, 1626-1630 (2000).
40. Christensen, P. R., Bandfield, J. L., Smith, M. D., Hamilton, V. E. & Clark, R. N. Identification of a basaltic component on the Martian surface from Thermal Emission Spectrometer data. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 9609-9622 (2000).
41. Hamilton, V. E., Wyatt, M. B., McSween, H. Y. & Christensen, P. R. Analysis of terrestrial and martian volcanic compositions using thermal emission spectroscopy: II. Application to martian surface spectra from MGS TES. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 14733-14747 (2001).
42. McSween, H. Y. et al. Basaltic rocks analyzed by the Spirit rover in Gusev crater. Science 305, 842-845 (2004).
43. McLennan, S. M. Chemical composition of Martian soil and rocks: complex mixing and sedimentary transport. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 1335-1338 (2000).
44. Clark, B. C. & Baird, A. K. Is the Martian lithosphere sulfur rich? J. Geophys. Res. 84, 8395-8403 (1979).
45. Anders, E. & Grevesse, N. Abundances of the elements: meteoritic and solar. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197-214 (1989).
46. Flynn, G. J. & McKay, D. S. An assessment of the meteoritic contribution to the martian soil. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 14497-14509 (1990).
47. Yen, A. S. Composition and color of martian soil from oxidation of meteoritic material. Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. XXXII. 1766 (2001).
48. Ganapathy, R., Keays, R. R., Laul, J. C. & Anders, E. Proc. Apollo 11 Lunar Sci. Conf. Vol. 2 Chemical and Isotope Analyses 1117-1142 (Pergamon, New York, 1970).