메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 530-545

In competence we trust? Addressing conceptual ambiguity

Author keywords

Careers; Learning; Management skills

Indexed keywords


EID: 20444445903     PISSN: 02621711     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/02621710510600982     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 0002513913 scopus 로고
    • "Varieties of managerial learning"
    • Akin, G. (1987), "Varieties of managerial learning", Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 36-48.
    • (1987) Organizational Dynamics , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 36-48
    • Akin, G.1
  • 2
    • 84917677875 scopus 로고
    • "Competency-based management education"
    • Albanese, R. (1989), "Competency-based management education", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 67-76.
    • (1989) Journal of Management Development , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 67-76
    • Albanese, R.1
  • 4
    • 0008541747 scopus 로고
    • "Task performance, perceived competence, and attributed causes of performance as determinants of intrinsic motivation"
    • Arnold, H. (1985), "Task performance, perceived competence, and attributed causes of performance as determinants of intrinsic motivation", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 28 No. 4, pp. 876-88.
    • (1985) Academy of Management Journal , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 876-888
    • Arnold, H.1
  • 5
    • 84986694091 scopus 로고
    • "Self-ratings and supervisor ratings of graduate employees' competences during early career"
    • Arnold, J. and Davey, K.M. (1992), "Self-ratings and supervisor ratings of graduate employees' competences during early career", Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 65 No. 3, pp. 235-50.
    • (1992) Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-250
    • Arnold, J.1    Davey, K.M.2
  • 6
    • 0002833140 scopus 로고
    • "Conclusion: Reflection on nonability determinants of competence"
    • Sternberg, R.J. and Kolligian, J. Jr (Eds), Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
    • Bandura, A. (1990), "Conclusion: Reflection on nonability determinants of competence", in Sternberg, R.J. and Kolligian, J. Jr (Eds), Competence Considered, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, pp. 315-62.
    • (1990) Competence Considered , pp. 315-362
    • Bandura, A.1
  • 7
    • 20444475534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Competence, efficiency, and organizational learning"
    • Barrie, J. and Pace, R.W. (1997), "Competence, efficiency, and organizational learning", Human Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 335-42.
    • (1997) Human Resource Development Quarterly , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-342
    • Barrie, J.1    Pace, R.W.2
  • 8
    • 0026231514 scopus 로고
    • "A reconsideration of testing for competence rather than for intelligence"
    • Barrett, G.V. and Depinet, R.L. (1991), "A reconsideration of testing for competence rather than for intelligence", American Psychologist, Vol. 46 No. 10, pp. 1012-24.
    • (1991) American Psychologist , vol.46 , Issue.10 , pp. 1012-1024
    • Barrett, G.V.1    Depinet, R.L.2
  • 9
    • 0040882696 scopus 로고
    • "Why leaders can't lead"
    • Bennis, W. (1989), "Why leaders can't lead", Training & Development Journal, Vol. 43 No. 4, pp. 35-9.
    • (1989) Training & Development Journal , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 35-39
    • Bennis, W.1
  • 10
    • 0034339264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Hiring child welfare caseworkers: Using a competency-based approach"
    • Bernotavicz, F. and Locke, A. (2000), "Hiring child welfare caseworkers: Using a competency-based approach", Public Personnel Management, Vol. 29 No. 1, pp. 33-42.
    • (2000) Public Personnel Management , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-42
    • Bernotavicz, F.1    Locke, A.2
  • 11
    • 0040205336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Key competencies for a transformed human resource organization: Results of a field study"
    • Blancero, D., Boroski, J. and Dyer, L. (1996), "Key competencies for a transformed human resource organization: Results of a field study", Human Resource Management, Vol. 35 No. 3, pp. 383-403.
    • (1996) Human Resource Management , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 383-403
    • Blancero, D.1    Boroski, J.2    Dyer, L.3
  • 12
    • 1542525065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Competence and competitive advantage: Towards a dynamic model"
    • Bogner, W.C., Thomas, H. and McGee, J. (1999), "Competence and competitive advantage: Towards a dynamic model", British Journal of Management, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 275-90.
    • (1999) British Journal of Management , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 275-290
    • Bogner, W.C.1    Thomas, H.2    McGee, J.3
  • 14
    • 20444470479 scopus 로고
    • "Executive development programs: What should they teach?"
    • Boynton, R.E. (1981), "Executive development programs: What should they teach?", Personnel, Vol. 58 No. 2, pp. 60-70.
    • (1981) Personnel , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 60-70
    • Boynton, R.E.1
  • 15
    • 0040315040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "HR professional development: Creating the future creators at the University of Michigan Business School"
    • Brockbank, W., Ulrich, D. and Beatty, R.W. (1999), "HR professional development: creating the future creators at the University of Michigan Business School", Human Resource Management, Vol. 38 No. 2, pp. 111-8.
    • (1999) Human Resource Management , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 111-118
    • Brockbank, W.1    Ulrich, D.2    Beatty, R.W.3
  • 16
    • 21344490082 scopus 로고
    • "Meta-competence: A recipe for reframing the competence debate"
    • Brown, R.B. (1993), "Meta-competence: A recipe for reframing the competence debate", Personnel Review, Vol. 22 No. 6, pp. 25-36.
    • (1993) Personnel Review , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 25-36
    • Brown, R.B.1
  • 17
    • 23744456860 scopus 로고
    • "Creating the managerial portfolio: Building on competency approaches to management development"
    • Burgoyne, J. (1989), "Creating the managerial portfolio: Building on competency approaches to management development", Management Education and Development, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 56-61.
    • (1989) Management Education and Development , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-61
    • Burgoyne, J.1
  • 18
    • 21344480722 scopus 로고
    • "The competence movement: Issues, stakeholders and prospects"
    • Burgoyne, J.G. (1993), "The competence movement: Issues, stakeholders and prospects", Personnel Review, Vol. 22 No. 6, pp. 6-13.
    • (1993) Personnel Review , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 6-13
    • Burgoyne, J.G.1
  • 19
    • 0009292526 scopus 로고
    • "The secrets of team facilitation"
    • Burns, G. (1995), "The secrets of team facilitation", Training & Development, Vol. 49 No. 6, pp. 46-52.
    • (1995) Training & Development , vol.49 , Issue.6 , pp. 46-52
    • Burns, G.1
  • 20
    • 84970655958 scopus 로고
    • "Predicting organization development consulting competence from the Myers-Briggs type indicator and state of ego development"
    • Bushe, G.R. and Gibbs, B.W. (1990), "Predicting organization development consulting competence from the Myers-Briggs type indicator and state of ego development", Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 337-57.
    • (1990) Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-357
    • Bushe, G.R.1    Gibbs, B.W.2
  • 21
    • 0001888965 scopus 로고
    • "Are the classical management functions useful in describing managerial work?"
    • Carroll, S.J. and Gillen, D.J. (1987), "Are the classical management functions useful in describing managerial work?", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12 No. 1, pp. 38-51.
    • (1987) Academy of Management Review , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 38-51
    • Carroll, S.J.1    Gillen, D.J.2
  • 22
    • 0001206160 scopus 로고
    • "Founder competence, the environment, and venture performance"
    • Chandler, G.N. and Hanks, S. (1994), "Founder competence, the environment, and venture performance", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 77-90.
    • (1994) Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 77-90
    • Chandler, G.N.1    Hanks, S.2
  • 23
    • 4644331371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Competency-based pay: A concept in evolution"
    • Cira, D.J. and Benjamin, E. (1998), "Competency-based pay: A concept in evolution", Compensation and Benefits Review, Vol. 30 No. 5, pp. 21-8.
    • (1998) Compensation and Benefits Review , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 21-28
    • Cira, D.J.1    Benjamin, E.2
  • 24
    • 34250378486 scopus 로고
    • "The brave new world of leadership training"
    • Conger, J. (1993), "The brave new world of leadership training", Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 21 No. 3, pp. 46-58.
    • (1993) Organizational Dynamics , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 46-58
    • Conger, J.1
  • 25
    • 0039786325 scopus 로고
    • "Managing the transformation of human resources work"
    • Conner, J. and Wirtenberg, J. (1993), "Managing the transformation of human resources work", HR, Human Resource Planning, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 17-34.
    • (1993) HR, Human Resource Planning , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 17-34
    • Conner, J.1    Wirtenberg, J.2
  • 26
    • 0002200273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Are competency models a waste?"
    • Dalton, M. (1997), "Are competency models a waste?", Training & Development, Vol. 51 No. 10, pp. 46-9.
    • (1997) Training & Development , vol.51 , Issue.10 , pp. 46-49
    • Dalton, M.1
  • 28
    • 84951549963 scopus 로고
    • "The competency programme of the American Management Association"
    • Evarts, H. (1988), "The competency programme of the American Management Association", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 7 No. 6, pp. 48-56.
    • (1988) Journal of Management Development , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 48-56
    • Evarts, H.1
  • 29
    • 0007266114 scopus 로고
    • "The effects of situational performance constraints on intrinsic motivation and satisfaction: The role of perceived competence and self-determination"
    • Freedman, S.M. and Phillips, J.S. (1985), "The effects of situational performance constraints on intrinsic motivation and satisfaction: The role of perceived competence and self-determination", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 35, pp. 397-416.
    • (1985) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.35 , pp. 397-416
    • Freedman, S.M.1    Phillips, J.S.2
  • 30
    • 0001074214 scopus 로고
    • "When a new manager takes charge"
    • Gabarro, J.J. (1985), "When a new manager takes charge", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63 No. 3, pp. 110-23.
    • (1985) Harvard Business Review , vol.63 , Issue.3 , pp. 110-123
    • Gabarro, J.J.1
  • 31
    • 0001240334 scopus 로고
    • "Self-efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management"
    • Gist, M.E. (1987), "Self-efficacy: Implications for organizational behavior and human resource management", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 472-85.
    • (1987) Academy of Management Review , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 472-485
    • Gist, M.E.1
  • 33
    • 0009094799 scopus 로고
    • "Career development theory in organizations"
    • Brown, D., Brooks, L. et al. (Eds) Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA
    • Hall, D.T. (1990), "Career development theory in organizations", in Brown, D., Brooks, L. et al. (Eds), Career Choice and Development, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA.
    • (1990) Career Choice and Development
    • Hall, D.T.1
  • 34
    • 0010175992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Protean careers of the 21st century"
    • Hall, D.T. (1996), "Protean careers of the 21st century", Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 8-16.
    • (1996) Academy of Management Executive , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 8-16
    • Hall, D.T.1
  • 35
    • 0000926112 scopus 로고
    • "Presumed incompetent? Stigmatization and affirmative action efforts"
    • Heilman, M.E., Block, C.J. and Lucas, J.A. (1992), "Presumed incompetent? Stigmatization and affirmative action efforts", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 77 No. 4, pp. 536-44.
    • (1992) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.77 , Issue.4 , pp. 536-544
    • Heilman, M.E.1    Block, C.J.2    Lucas, J.A.3
  • 37
    • 0011992008 scopus 로고
    • "HRM and the irresistible rise of the discourse of competence"
    • Holmes, L. (1995), "HRM and the irresistible rise of the discourse of competence", Personnel Review, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 34-49.
    • (1995) Personnel Review , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 34-49
    • Holmes, L.1
  • 38
    • 21344481253 scopus 로고
    • "Rescuing the useful concept of managerial competence: From outcomes back to process"
    • Holmes, L. and Joyce, P. (1993), "Rescuing the useful concept of managerial competence: From outcomes back to process", Personnel Review, Vol. 22 No. 6, pp. 37-52.
    • (1993) Personnel Review , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 37-52
    • Holmes, L.1    Joyce, P.2
  • 39
    • 0004305913 scopus 로고
    • "Centres of excellence? Assessment and development centres, managerial competence, and human resource strategies"
    • Iles, P. (1992), "Centres of excellence? Assessment and development centres, managerial competence, and human resource strategies", British Journal of Management, Vol. 3 No. 2, pp. 79-90.
    • (1992) British Journal of Management , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-90
    • Iles, P.1
  • 40
    • 21344496060 scopus 로고
    • "Achieving strategic coherence in HRD through competence-based management and organization development"
    • Iles, P.A. (1993), "Achieving strategic coherence in HRD through competence-based management and organization development", Personnel Review, Vol. 22 No. 6, pp. 63-80.
    • (1993) Personnel Review , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 63-80
    • Iles, P.A.1
  • 41
    • 0001855517 scopus 로고
    • "Middle managers: New purpose, new directions"
    • Jackson, D. and Humble, J. (1994), "Middle managers: New purpose, new directions", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 15-21.
    • (1994) Journal of Management Development , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 15-21
    • Jackson, D.1    Humble, J.2
  • 42
    • 84973759291 scopus 로고
    • "Managerial resourcefulness: A reconceptualization of management skills"
    • Kanungo, R.N. and Misra, S. (1992), "Managerial resourcefulness: A reconceptualization of management skills", Human Relations, Vol. 45 No. 12, pp. 1311-24.
    • (1992) Human Relations , vol.45 , Issue.12 , pp. 1311-1324
    • Kanungo, R.N.1    Misra, S.2
  • 43
    • 0002698566 scopus 로고
    • "Skills of an effective administrator"
    • Katz, R.L. (1955), "Skills of an effective administrator", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 33-42.
    • (1955) Harvard Business Review , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-42
    • Katz, R.L.1
  • 44
    • 84952372957 scopus 로고
    • "Strategic management development: Using experiential learning theory to assess and develop managerial competencies"
    • Kolb, D., Lublin, S., Spoth, J. and Baker, R. (1986), "Strategic management development: Using experiential learning theory to assess and develop managerial competencies", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 5 No. 3, pp. 13-24.
    • (1986) Journal of Management Development , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 13-24
    • Kolb, D.1    Lublin, S.2    Spoth, J.3    Baker, R.4
  • 45
    • 1542740640 scopus 로고
    • "Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspective"
    • Lado, A.A. and Wilson, M.C. (1994), "Human resource systems and sustained competitive advantage: A competency-based perspective", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 699-727.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Review , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 699-727
    • Lado, A.A.1    Wilson, M.C.2
  • 46
    • 84985264946 scopus 로고
    • "From job-based to competency-based organizations"
    • Lawler, E.E. III (1994), "From job-based to competency-based organizations", Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 3-15.
    • (1994) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-15
    • Lawler III, E.E.1
  • 47
    • 0015535482 scopus 로고
    • "Testing for competence rather than for 'intelligence'"
    • McClelland, D. (1973), "Testing for competence rather than for 'intelligence'", American Psychologist, Vol. 28 No. 1, pp. 1-14.
    • (1973) American Psychologist , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • McClelland, D.1
  • 48
    • 0040490354 scopus 로고
    • "The knowledge-testing-educational complex strikes back"
    • McClelland, D.C. (1994), "The knowledge-testing-educational complex strikes back", American Psychologist, Vol. 49 No. 1, pp. 66-9.
    • (1994) American Psychologist , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-69
    • McClelland, D.C.1
  • 49
    • 0007694268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Competencies: The next generation"
    • McLagan, P.A. (1997), "Competencies: The next generation", Training & Development, Vol. 51 No. 5, pp. 40-7.
    • (1997) Training & Development , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 40-47
    • McLagan, P.A.1
  • 50
    • 20444472549 scopus 로고
    • "Competence-based qualifications: A response"
    • Mansfield, B. (1993), "Competence-based qualifications: A response", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 19-22.
    • (1993) Journal of European Industrial Training , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 19-22
    • Mansfield, B.1
  • 51
    • 0001486275 scopus 로고
    • "The role of the self-system in competence"
    • Sternberg, R.J. and Kolligian, J. Jr (Eds) Yale University Press, New Haven, CT
    • Markus, H., Cross, S. and Wurf, E. (1990), "The role of the self-system in competence", in Sternberg, R.J. and Kolligian, J. Jr (Eds), Competence Considered, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, pp. 205-26.
    • (1990) Competence Considered , pp. 205-226
    • Markus, H.1    Cross, S.2    Wurf, E.3
  • 52
    • 84923078717 scopus 로고
    • "Managerial competencies in small firms"
    • Martin, G. and Staines, H. (1994), "Managerial competencies in small firms", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 13 No. 7, pp. 23-34.
    • (1994) Journal of Management Development , vol.13 , Issue.7 , pp. 23-34
    • Martin, G.1    Staines, H.2
  • 53
    • 0001469701 scopus 로고
    • "The manager's job: Folklore and fact"
    • Mintzberg, H. (1990), "The manager's job: Folklore and fact", Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68 No. 2, pp. 163-76.
    • (1990) Harvard Business Review , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-176
    • Mintzberg, H.1
  • 54
    • 85014169865 scopus 로고
    • "A simple approach to skills assessment"
    • Mirabile, R.J. (1992), "A simple approach to skills assessment", Training & Development, Vol. 45 No. 12, pp. 19-22.
    • (1992) Training & Development , vol.45 , Issue.12 , pp. 19-22
    • Mirabile, R.J.1
  • 55
    • 0347143620 scopus 로고
    • "Competences: Dialogue without a plot?"
    • Munro, A. and Andrews, B. (1994), "Competences: Dialogue without a plot?", Executive Development, Vol. 7 No. 6, pp. 12-15.
    • (1994) Executive Development , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 12-15
    • Munro, A.1    Andrews, B.2
  • 57
    • 84928450444 scopus 로고
    • "Establishing assessment center validity: An examination of methodological and theoretical issues"
    • Olshfski, D.F. and Cunningham, R.B. (1986), "Establishing assessment center validity: an examination of methodological and theoretical issues", Public Personnel Management, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 85-98.
    • (1986) Public Personnel Management , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-98
    • Olshfski, D.F.1    Cunningham, R.B.2
  • 58
    • 0001875890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Just what is a competency? (And why should you care?)"
    • Parry, S.B. (1998), "Just what is a competency? (And why should you care?)", Training, Vol. 35 No. 6, pp. 58-64.
    • (1998) Training , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 58-64
    • Parry, S.B.1
  • 59
    • 20444483463 scopus 로고
    • "Compliance with a leader's suggestions as a function of perceived leader/member competence and potential reciprocity"
    • Price, K.H. and Garland, H. (1981), "Compliance with a leader's suggestions as a function of perceived leader/member competence and potential reciprocity", Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 66 No. 3, pp. 329-36.
    • (1981) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.66 , Issue.3 , pp. 329-336
    • Price, K.H.1    Garland, H.2
  • 60
    • 1842799460 scopus 로고
    • "From generic to organic competencies"
    • Raelin, J.A. and Cooledge, A.S. (1995), "From generic to organic competencies", HR, Human Resource Planning, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 24-33.
    • (1995) HR, Human Resource Planning , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 24-33
    • Raelin, J.A.1    Cooledge, A.S.2
  • 61
    • 85050840218 scopus 로고
    • "Setting standards for the future"
    • Reid, W. (1992), "Setting standards for the future", Personnel Management, Vol. 24 No. 8, pp. 28-32.
    • (1992) Personnel Management , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 28-32
    • Reid, W.1
  • 63
    • 20444452261 scopus 로고
    • "Clarifying the use of competence and competency models in recruitment, assessment and staff development"
    • Rowe, C. (1995), "Clarifying the use of competence and competency models in recruitment, assessment and staff development", Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 27 No. 11, pp. 12-17.
    • (1995) Industrial and Commercial Training , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 12-17
    • Rowe, C.1
  • 64
    • 84991174062 scopus 로고
    • "Defining competencies: A critique"
    • Russ-Eft, D. (1995), "Defining competencies: A critique", Human Resource Quarterly, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 329-34.
    • (1995) Human Resource Quarterly , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 329-334
    • Russ-Eft, D.1
  • 65
    • 85055294985 scopus 로고
    • "A hierarchy of management training requirements: The competency domain model"
    • Sandwith, P. (1993), "A hierarchy of management training requirements: The competency domain model", Public Personnel Management, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 43-62.
    • (1993) Public Personnel Management , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-62
    • Sandwith, P.1
  • 66
    • 20444468286 scopus 로고
    • "Managing in the '90s: The androgynous manager"
    • Sargent, A.G. and Stupak, R.J. (1989), "Managing in the '90s: The androgynous manager", Training & Development Journal, Vol. 43 No. 12, pp. 29-35.
    • (1989) Training & Development Journal , vol.43 , Issue.12 , pp. 29-35
    • Sargent, A.G.1    Stupak, R.J.2
  • 67
    • 0010655794 scopus 로고
    • "Capitalizing on performance and management, recognition, and rewards systems"
    • Schneier, C.E. (1989), "Capitalizing on performance and management, recognition, and rewards systems", Compensation and Benefits Review, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 20-30.
    • (1989) Compensation and Benefits Review , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 20-30
    • Schneier, C.E.1
  • 68
    • 0033415230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "The new competencies of leadership"
    • Scholtes, P.R. (1999), "The new competencies of leadership", Total Quality Management, Vol. 10 Nos 4/5, pp. S704-10.
    • (1999) Total Quality Management , vol.10 , Issue.4-5
    • Scholtes, P.R.1
  • 70
    • 0001484014 scopus 로고
    • "Effects of goal difficulty, goal-setting method, and expected external evaluation on intrinsic motivation"
    • Shalley, C.A.E., Oldham, G.R. and Porac, J.F. (1987), "Effects of goal difficulty, goal-setting method, and expected external evaluation on intrinsic motivation", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 553-63.
    • (1987) Academy of Management Journal , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 553-563
    • Shalley, C.A.E.1    Oldham, G.R.2    Porac, J.F.3
  • 71
    • 1842761104 scopus 로고
    • "Competence in experts: The role of task characteristics"
    • Shanteau, J. (1992), "Competence in experts: The role of task characteristics", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 53 No. 2, pp. 252-66.
    • (1992) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 252-266
    • Shanteau, J.1
  • 72
    • 0003140568 scopus 로고
    • "Entrepreneurship orientation, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance"
    • Smart, D.T. and Conant, J.S. (1994), "Entrepreneurship orientation, distinctive marketing competencies and organizational performance", Journal of Applied Business Research, Vol. 10 No. 3, pp. 28-38.
    • (1994) Journal of Applied Business Research , vol.10 , Issue.3 , pp. 28-38
    • Smart, D.T.1    Conant, J.S.2
  • 75
    • 20444491768 scopus 로고
    • "Management styles"
    • Stamp, G. (1989), "Management styles", Management Decision, Vol. 27 No. 4, pp. 23-9.
    • (1989) Management Decision , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 23-29
    • Stamp, G.1
  • 76
    • 84876133458 scopus 로고
    • "Competence-based qualifications: The case against change"
    • Stewart, J. and Hamlin, B. (1992), "Competence-based qualifications: the case against change", Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 16 No. 7, pp. 21-32.
    • (1992) Journal of European Industrial Training , vol.16 , Issue.7 , pp. 21-32
    • Stewart, J.1    Hamlin, B.2
  • 77
    • 0011426027 scopus 로고
    • "The effects of feedback consistency and feedback favorability on self-perceived task competence and perceived feedback accuracy"
    • Stone, D.L. and Stone, E.F. (1985), "The effects of feedback consistency and feedback favorability on self-perceived task competence and perceived feedback accuracy", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 167-85.
    • (1985) Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-185
    • Stone, D.L.1    Stone, E.F.2
  • 78
    • 3543091594 scopus 로고
    • "Applying new science theories in leadership development activities"
    • Stumpf, S.A. (1995), "Applying new science theories in leadership development activities", Journal of Management Development, Vol. 14 No. 5, pp. 39-49.
    • (1995) Journal of Management Development , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 39-49
    • Stumpf, S.A.1
  • 79
    • 0040059904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Enhancing continuous learning: Diagnostic findings from multiple companies"
    • Tannenbaum, S.I. (1997), "Enhancing continuous learning: diagnostic findings from multiple companies", Human Resource Management, Vol. 36 No. 4, pp. 437-52.
    • (1997) Human Resource Management , vol.36 , Issue.4 , pp. 437-452
    • Tannenbaum, S.I.1
  • 80
    • 84977369986 scopus 로고
    • "Beyond belief: A benchmark for human resources"
    • Ulrich, D., Brockbank, W. and Yeung, A. (1989), "Beyond belief: A benchmark for human resources", Human Resources Management, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 311-35.
    • (1989) Human Resources Management , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-335
    • Ulrich, D.1    Brockbank, W.2    Yeung, A.3
  • 82
    • 0016489617 scopus 로고
    • "A measure of individual sense of competence"
    • Wagner, F.R. and Morse, J.J. (1975), "A measure of individual sense of competence", Psychological Reports, Vol. 36 No. 2, pp. 451-9.
    • (1975) Psychological Reports , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 451-459
    • Wagner, F.R.1    Morse, J.J.2
  • 83
    • 84980311197 scopus 로고
    • "On the nature of managerial tasks and skills: Their distinguishing characteristics and organization"
    • Whitley, R. (1989), "On the nature of managerial tasks and skills: their distinguishing characteristics and organization", Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 209-24.
    • (1989) Journal of Management Studies , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 209-224
    • Whitley, R.1
  • 84
    • 0031508506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Does management development add value?"
    • Winterton, J. and Winterton, R. (1997), "Does management development add value?", British Journal of Management, Vol. 8, special issue, pp. S65-S76.
    • (1997) British Journal of Management , vol.8 , Issue.SPEC. ISSUE
    • Winterton, J.1    Winterton, R.2
  • 85
    • 0010646983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Identifying and developing HR competencies for the future: Keys to sustaining the transformation of HR functions"
    • Yeung, A., Woolcock, P. and Sullivan, J. (1996), "Identifying and developing HR competencies for the future: Keys to sustaining the transformation of HR functions", HR, Human Resource Planning, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 48-58.
    • (1996) HR, Human Resource Planning , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 48-58
    • Yeung, A.1    Woolcock, P.2    Sullivan, J.3
  • 86
    • 84977345075 scopus 로고
    • "The demand of the future: 'The complete executive'"
    • Zimmerman, J.H. (1993), "The demand of the future: 'the complete executive'", Human Resource Management, Vol. 32 Nos 2/3, pp. 385-7.
    • (1993) Human Resource Management , vol.32 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 385-387
    • Zimmerman, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.