Hormonal and signaling role of branched-chain amino acids

Journal of Nutrition

Volumn 135, Issue 6 SUPPL., 2005, Pages

  Nair, K Sreekumaran ^a   Short, Kevin R ^a  

^a Mayo Clinic   (United States)

Author keywords

Branched chain amino acids; Hormonal action; Hormonal secretion; Protein breakdown; Protein synthesis; Signaling

Indexed keywords

ALANINE; ARGININE; ASPARTIC ACID; BRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACID; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE; GROWTH HORMONE; HISTIDINE; HORMONE; INITIATION FACTOR 4E BINDING PROTEIN 1; INSULIN; LEUCINE; LYSINE; PHENYLALANINE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PROTEIN; PROTEIN KINASE B; RAPAMYCIN; S6 KINASE; SOMATOMEDIN C; TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN KINASE; TRYPTOPHAN; VALINE;

CONFERENCE PAPER; DIET; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE RELEASE; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN METABOLISM; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS;

EID: 20344399405     PISSN: 00223166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jn/135.6.1547s     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (35)

1. Rocha, D. M., Faloona, G. R. & Unger, R. H. (1972) Glucagon-stimulating activity of 20 amino acids in dogs. J. Clin. Invest. 51: 2346-2351.
2. Floyd, J. C., Fajans, S. S., Conn, J. W., Knoff, R. F. & Rull, J. (1966) Stimulation of insulin secretion by amino acids. J. Clin. Invest. 45: 1487-1502.
3. van Loon, L.J.C., Kruijshoop, M., Menheere, P.P.C.A., Wagenmakers, A.J.M., Saris, W.H.M. & Keizer, H. A. (2003) Amino acid ingestion strongly enhances insulin secretion in patients with long-term type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 26: 625-630.
4. Loridan, L., Sadeghi-Nejad, A. & Senior, B. (1971) Hypersecretion of insulin after the administration of L-leucine to obese children. J. Pediatrics 78: 53-58.
5. Merimee, T. J. & Fineberg, S. E. (1973) Dietary regulation of human growth hormone secretion. Metabolism 22: 1491-1497.
6. Nair, K. S., Woolf, P. D., Welle, S. L. & Matthews, D. E. (1987) Leucine, glucose, and energy metabolism after 3 days of fasting in healthy human subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46: 557-562.
7. Charlton, M. R., Adey, D. B. & Nair, K. S. (1996) Evidence for a catabolic role of glucagon during an amino acid load. J. Clin. Invest. 98: 90-99.
8. Nygren, J. & Nair, K. S. (2003) Differential regulation of protein dynamics in splanchnic and skeletal muscle beds by insulin and amino acids in healthy human subjects. Diabetes 52: 1377-1385.
9. Meek, S. E., Persson, M., Ford, G. C. & Nair, K. S. (1998) Differential regulation of amino acid exchange and protein dynamics across splanchnic and skeletal muscle beds by insulin in healthy human subjects. Diabetes 47: 1824-1835.
10. Nair, K. S., Schwartz, R. G. & Welle, S. (1992) Leucine as a regulator of whole body and skeletal muscle protein metabolism in humans. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 263: E928-E934.
11. Nair, K. S., Matthews, D. E., Welle, S. L. & Braiman, T. (1992) Effect of leucine on amino acid and glucose metabolism in humans. Metabolism 41: 643-648.
12. Louard, R. J., Barrett, E. J. & Gelfand, R. A. (1990) Effect of infused branched-chain amino acids on muscle and whole-body amino acid metabolism in man. Clin. Sci. 79: 457-466.
13. Liu, Z., Jahn, L. A., Long, W., Fryburg, D. A., Wei, L. & Barrett, E. J. (2001) Branched chain amino acids activate messenger ribonucleic acid translation regulatory proteins in human skeletal muscle, and glucocorticoids blunt this action. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86: 2136-2143.
14. Lynch, C. J., Patson, B. J., Anthony, J., Vaval, A., Jefferson, L. S. & Vary, T. C. (2002) Leucine is a direct-acting nutrient signal that regulates protein synthesis in adipose tissue. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 283: E503-E513.
15. Anthony, J. C., Yoshizawa, F., Anthony, T. G., Vary, T. C., Jefferson, L. S. & Kimball, S. R. (2000) Leucine stimulates translation initiation in skeletal muscle of postabsorptive rats via a rapamycin-sensitive pathway. J. Nutr. 130: 2413-2419.
16. Nair, K. S. (1997) Regional protein dynamics in type I diabetic patients. In: Amino Acids and Protein Metabolism in Health and Disease (Tessari, P., Pittoni, G., Tiengo, A. & Soeters, P. B., eds.), pp. 133-139. Smith-Gordon, London, UK.
17. Boirie, Y., Short, K. R., Ahlman, B., Charlton, M. & Nair, K. S. (2001) Tissue-specific regulation of mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates by insulin. Diabetes 56: 2652-2658.
18. Stump, C. S., Short, K. R., Bigelow, M. L., Schimke, J. M. & Nair, K. S. (2003) Effect of insulin on human skeletal muscle mitochondrial ATP production, protein synthesis, and mRNA transcripts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100: 7996-8001.
19. Nair, K. S., Jaleel, A., Asmann, Y. W., Short, K. R. & Raghavakaimal, S. (2004) Proteomic research: potential opportunities for clinical and physiological investigators. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286: E683-E874.
20. Jaleel, A. & Nair, K. S. (2004) Identification of multiple proteins whose synthetic rates are enhanced by high amino acid levels in rat hepatocytes. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 286: E950-E957.
21. Long, W., Wei, L. & Barrett, E. J. (2000) Amino acids regulate skeletal muscle PHAS-I and p70 S6-kinase phosphorylation independently of insulin. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 279: E301-E306.
22. Jousse, C., Averous, J., Bruhat, A., Carraro, V., Mordier, S. & Fafournoux, P. (2004) Amino acids as regulators of gene expression: molecular mechanisms. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 313: 447-452.
23. Kimball, S. R. & Jefferson, L. S. (2004) Amino acids as regulators of gene expression. Nutrition and Metabolism 1: http://www.nutritionandmetabolism. com/content/1/1/3 [accessed Jan 24, 2004].
24. Jefferson, L. S. & Kimball, S. R. (2003) Amino acids as regulators of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation. J. Nutr. 133: 2046S-2051S.
25. Proud, C. G. (2004) mTOR-mediated regulation of translation factors by amino acids. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 313:429-436.
26. Abumrad, N. N., Helou, S., Molina, P. & Flakoll, P. J. (1992) Regulation by amino acids of glucose utilization in humans. In: Branched-Chain Amino Acids: Biochemistry, Physiopathology, and Clinical Science (Schauder, P., ed.), pp. 9-18. Raven Press, New York, NY.
27. Nair, K. S., Welle, S. L. & Tito, J. (1990) Effect of plasma amino acid replacement on glucagon and substrate responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans. Diabetes 39: 376-382.
28. Pisters, P. W., Restifo, N. P., Cersosimo, E. & Brennan, M. F. (1991) The effects of euglycemic hyperinsulinemia and amino acid infusion on regional and whole body glucose disposal In man. Metabolism 40: 59-65.
29. Patti, M. E., Brambilla, E., Luzi, L., Landaker, E. J. & Kahn, C. R. (1998) Bidirectional modulation of insulin action by amino acids. J. Clin. Invest. 101: 1519-1529.
30. Tremblay, F. & Marette, A. (2001) Amino acid and insulin signaling via the mTOR/p70 S6 kinase pathway. A negative feedback mechanism leading to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 38052-38060.
31. Takano, A., Usui, I., Haruta, T., Kawahara, J., Uno, T., Iwata, M. & Kobayashi, M. (2001) Mammalian target of rapamycin pathway regulates insulin signaling via subcellular redistribution of insulin receptor substrate 1 and integrates nutritional signals and metabolic signals of insulin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 5050-5062.
32. Nair, K. S., Pabico, R. C., Truglia, J. A., McKenna, B. A., Statt, M. & Lockwood, D. H. (1994) Mechanism of glomerular hyperfiltration after a protein meal in humans. Diabetes Care 17: 711-715.
33. Castellino, P., Giordano, C., Perna, A. & DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) Effects of plasma amino acid and hormone levels on renal hemodynamics in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 255: F344-F349.
34. Castellino, P., Coda, B. & DeFronzo, R. A. (1986) Effects of plasma amino acid infusion on renal hemodynamics in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 251: F132-F140.
35. Vogt, P. K. (2001) PI 3-kinase, mTOR, protein synthesis and cancer. Trends. Mol. Med. 7: 482-484.