Biomonitoring of persistent organochlorine pesticides, PCDD/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in blood of children from South West Germany (Baden-Wuerttemberg) from 1993 to 2003

Chemosphere

Volumn 58, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 1185-1201

  Link, Bernhard ^a   Gabrio, Thomas ^a   Zoellner, Iris ^a   Piechotowski, Isolde ^a   Paepke, Olaf ^b   Herrmann, Thomas ^b   Felder Kennel, Andrea ^c   Maisner, Valentina ^d   Schick, Karl Heinz ^e   Schrimpf, Monika ^f   Schwenk, Michael ^a   Wuthe, Juergen ^a  

^a Baden Wuerttemberg State Health Office   (Germany)

^b ERGO Research Laboratory   (Germany)

^c Health Office City of Mannheim   (Germany)

^d Public Health Department   (Germany)

^e Public Health Department   (Germany)

^f Ortenau District Office   (Germany)

Author keywords

Breast feeding; DDE; HCB; Human; TEQ

Indexed keywords

BLOOD; HEALTH RISKS; POLLUTION; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS; SAMPLING; TOXICITY;

DIOXINS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POP); TIME PERIOD;

PESTICIDES;

1,1 DICHLORO 2,2 BIS(4 CHLOROPHENYL)ETHYLENE; DIOXIN; HEXACHLOROBENZENE; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXIN; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURAN;

BIOMONITORING; CHILD HEALTH; MEDICAL GEOGRAPHY; ORGANOCHLORINE; PCB; PCDD; PCDF; POLLUTION EXPOSURE;

ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BLOOD; BLOOD LEVEL; BREAST FEEDING; CHILD; FEMALE; GERMAN FEDERAL REPUBLIC; HUMAN; MALE;

BADEN-WURTTEMBERG; CENTRAL EUROPE; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; EUROPE; GERMANY; WORLD;

EID: 19944433564     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.061     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. S.S. Atuma, L. Hansson, H. Johnsson, S. Slorach, C.A. de Wit, and G. Lindstrom Organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins in human milk from Swedish mothers Food Addit. Contam. 15 2 1998 142 150
2. M.N. Bates, S.J. Buckland, N. Garrett, H. Ellis, L.L. Needham, D.G. Patterson, W.E. Turner, and D.G. Russel Persistent organochlorines in the serum of the non-occupationally exposed New Zealand population Chemosphere 54 10 2004 1431 1443
3. H. Beck, A. Droß, W.J. Kleemann, and W. Mathar PCDD and PCDF concentrations in different organs from infants Chemosphere 20 1990 903 910
4. H. Beck, A. Dross, and W. Mathar PCDD and PCDF exposure and levels in humans in Germany Environ. Health Perspect. 102 Suppl. 1 1994 173 185
5. K. Becker, S. Kaus, C. Krause, P. Lepom, C. Schulz, M. Seiwert, and B. Seifert German Environmental Survey 1998 (GerES III): environmental pollutant in blood of the German population Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 205 2002 297 308
6. E.M. Brevik, and J.E. Bjerk Organochlorine compounds in Norwegian human fat and milk Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. (Copenh.) 43 1978 49 63
7. T. Colborn, F.S. vom Saal, and A. Soto Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans Environ. Health Perspect. 101 1993 378 384
8. CVUA (Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt) Freiburg, 2001. Jahresbericht 2001 and Tabellenband 2001. Freiburg im Breisgau
9. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), 2001. Analyses of Hazardous Substances in Biological Materials, vols. 1-7. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
10. U. Ewers, J. Wittsiepe, P. Schrey, M. Exner, F. Selenka, M. Hofbauer, D. Schmeer, L. Holwitt, and R. Eck Dioxingehalte im Blutfett von Kindern, Sportlern, Platzwarten und Anwohnern nach Kontakt mit dioxinhaltigen Tennenflächen (Kieselrot) [Dioxin content in blood lipids of children, athletes, sports ground attendants and residents after content with dioxin-containing surface slag (Kieselrot)] Gesundheitswesen 56 1 1994 14 20
11. D. Flesch-Janys Analyses of exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans, and hexachlorocyclohexane and different health outcomes in a cohort of former herbicide-producing workers in Hamburg, Germany Teratog. Carcinog. Mutagen. 17 4-5 1997, 1998 257 264
12. J.F. Focant, C. Pirard, C. Thielen, and E. De Pauw Levels and profiles of PCDDs, PCDFs and cPCBs in Belgian breast milk. Estimation of infant intake Chemosphere 48 8 2002 763 770
13. C. Fuerst, P. Fuerst, and K. Wilmers Human milk as a bioindicator for body burden of PCDDs, PCDFs, organochlorine pesticides, and PCBs Environ. Health. Perspect. 102 1994 187 193
14. T. Gabrio, I. Piechotowski, T. Wallenhorst, M. Klett, L. Cott, P. Friebel, B. Link, and M. Schwenk PCB-blood levels in teachers, working in PCB-contaminated schools Chemosphere 40 2000 1055 1062
15. T. Gabrio, G. Benedikt, S. Broser, A. Felder-Kennel, G. Fichtner, G. Horras-Hun, S. Jovanovic, H. Kirsch, B. Kouros, B. Link, V. Maisner, I. Piechotowski, E. Rzonka, K.H. Schick, M. Schrimpf, S. Schroeder, M. Schwenk, K. Spoeker-Maas, U. Weidner, J. Wuthe, and I. Zoellner Jahre Beobachtungsgesundheitsämter in Baden-Wuerttemberg-Beurteilung der Human-Biomonitoring-Untersuchungen bezueglich der Quecksilber-Belastung durch Amalgamfuellungen und andere Quellen [10 years of observation by public health offices in Baden-Wurttemberg-assessment of human biomonitoring for mercury due to dental amalgam fillings and other sources] Gesundheitswesen 65 2003 327 335
16. Government/Laender working group on DIOXINS, 2002. DIOXINS-Dates from Germany. Dioxin reference measuring program. 4th Report of the Government/Laender working group on DIOXINS. Ministry of the Environment of the Federal Republic of Germany. Federal Environmental Agency (UBA), Berlin
17. S.M. Hays, and L.L. Aylward Dioxin risks in perspective: past, present, and future Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 37 2 2003 202 217
18. V. Hesse, T. Gabrio, E. Kirst, and W. Plenert Untersuchungen zur Kontamination von Frauenmilch, Kuhmilch und Butter in der DDR mit chlorierten Kohlenwasserstoffen [Studies on the contamination of human milk, cow's milk and butter in the GDR with chlorinated hydrocarbons] Kinderärztliche Praxis 6 1981 292 309
19. U. Heudorf, J. Angerer, and H. Drexler Polychlorinated biphenyls in the blood plasma: current exposure of the population in Germany Rev. Environ. Health 17 2 2002 123 134
20. U. Heudorf, J. Angerer, and H. Drexler Current internal exposure to pesticides in children and adolescents in Germany: Blood plasma levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane (γ-HCH), and dichloro(diphenyl)ethylene (DDE), a biostable metabolite of dichloro(diphenyl)trichloroethane (DDT) Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 206 2003 485 491
21. R.A. James, I. Hertz-Picciotto, E. Willman, J.A. Keller, and M.J. Charles Determinants of serum polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides measured in women from the child health and development study cohort, 1963-1967 Environ. Health Perspect. 110 7 2002 617 624
22. W. Karmaus, E.P. DeKoning, H. Kruse, J. Witten, and N. Osius Early childhood determinants of organochlorine concentrations in school-aged children Pediatr. Res. 50 3 2001 331 336
23. P.E. Kreuzer, G.A. Csanady, C. Baur, W. Kessler, O. Paepke, H. Greim, and J.G. Filser 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and congeners in infants. A toxicokinetic model of human lifetime body burden by TCDD with special emphasis on its uptake by nutrition Arch. Toxicol. 71 6 1997 383 400
24. LGA BW (Landesgesundheitsamt Baden-Wuerttemberg), 1998. Biomonitoring Muttermilch Bericht ueber die Pilotphase Ortenaukreis 1995
25. A.K. Liem, P. Furst, and C. Rappe Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds Food Addit. Contam. 17 4 2000 241 259
26. R. Malisch Increase of the PCDD/F-concentration of milk, butter and meat samples by use of contaminated citrus pulp Chemosphere 40 9 2000 1041 1053
27. R. Malisch, and R. von Leeuwen Results of the WHO-coordinated exposure study on the levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk Organohalogen Compd. 64 2003 140 143
28. T.S. Nawrot, J.A. Staessen, E.M. Den Hond, G. Koppen, G. Schoeters, R. Fagard, L. Thijs, G. Winneke, and H.A. Roels Host and environmental determinants of polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in serum of adolescents Environ. Health Perspect. 110 6 2002 583 589
29. K. Noren Contemporary and retrospective investigations of human milk in the trend studies of organochlorine contaminants in Sweden Sci. Total Environ. 139-140 1993 347 355
30. M. Olsson, B. Karlsson, and E. Ahnland Diseases and environmental contaminants in seals from the Baltic and the Swedish west coast Sci. Total Environ. 154 1994 217 227
31. M. Ott, K. Failing, U. Lang, C. Schubring, H.J. Gent, S. Georgii, and H. Brunn Contamination of human milk in Middle Hesse, Germany-a cross-sectional study on the changing levels of chlorinated pesticides, PCB congeners and recent levels of nitro musks Chemosphere 38 1 1999 13 32
32. O. Paepke PCDD/PCDF: human background data for Germany, a 10-year experience Environ. Health Perspect. 106 Suppl. 2 1998 723 731
33. D.B. Peakall DDE-induced eggshell thinning: an environmental detective story Environ. Rev. 1 1993 13 20
34. D.L. Phillips, J.L. Pirkle, V.W. Burse, J.T. Bernert Jr., L.O. Henderson, and L.L. Needham Chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in human serum: effects of fasting and feeding Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 18 4 1989 495 500
35. I. Piechotowski, D. Kraemer, B. Kouros, and J. Wuthe Beobachtungsgesundheitsämter-ein neuer Ansatz zur Erhebung gesundheitsrelevanter Daten durch den ÖGD [Sentinel public health offices-a new approach to determining public health relevant data by the public health service] Gesundheitswesen 57 11 1995 722 724
36. I. Piechotowski, B. Kouros, and J. Wuthe Sentinel Health Departments in Baden-Wuerttemberg R. Fehr J. Berger U. Ranft Environ. Health Surv. 1999 Landsberg Ecomed 39 51
37. I. Piechotowski, U. Weidner, I. Zoellner, T. Gabrio, B. Link, and M. Schwenk Serumselenkonzentrationen bei Schulkindern in Baden-Wuerttemberg und ihre gesundheitliche Bewertung [Serum selenium levels in school children: results and health assessment] Gesundheitswesen 64 11 2002 602 607
38. D.A. Ratcliffe Decrease in eggshell weight in certain birds of prey Nature 215 1967 208 210
39. E. Raum, A. Seidler, M. Schlaud, A. Knoll, H. Wessling, K. Kurtz, F.W. Schwartz, and B.P. Robra Contamination of human breast milk with organochlorine residues: a comparison between East and West Germany through sentinel practice networks J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 52 Suppl. 1 1998 50S 55S
40. J.N. Roemmich, and P.A. Clark Alterations in growth and body composition during puberty: III. Influence of maturation, gender, body composition, fat distribution, aerobic fitness, and energy expenditure on nocturnal growth hormone release J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83 5 1998 1440 1447
41. G. Schade, and B. Heinzow Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk of mothers living in northern Germany: current extent of contamination, time trend from 1986 to 1997 and factors that influence the levels of contamination Sci. Total Environ. 215 1-2 1998 31 39
42. Scientific Committee on Food, 2001. Opinion of the scientific committee on food on the risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in food. Update based on new scientific information available since the adoption of the SCF opinion on 22nd November 2000. Adopted on 30 May 2001. European Commission
43. A. Somogyi, and H. Beck Nurturing and breast-feeding: exposure to chemicals in breast milk Environ. Health Perspect. 101 Suppl. 2 1993 45 52
44. M. Teufel, K.H. Niessen, J. Sartoris, W. Brands, H. Lochbuhler, K. Waag, P. Schweizer, and G. von Oelsnitz Chlorinated hydrocarbons in fat tissue: analyses of residues in healthy children, tumor patients, and malformed children Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 19 5 1990 646 652
45. UM BW (Umweltministerium Baden-Wuerttemberg) und Landesanstalt fuer Umweltschutz Baden-Wuerttemberg, 1995. Umweltdaten 93/94. Stuttgart-Karlsruhe
46. F.X. van Leeuwen, and R. Malisch Results of the third round of the WHO-coordinated exposure study on the levels of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in human milk Organohalogen Compd. 56 2002 311 316
47. F.X. van Leeuwen, M. Feeley, D. Schrenk, J.C. Larsen, W. Farland, and M. Younes Dioxins: WHO's tolerable daily intake (TDI) revisited Chemosphere 40 9-11 2000 1095 1101
48. VERA-Schriftenreihe, 1992. Lebensmittel- und Naehrstoffaufnahme in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ergaenzungsband zum Ernaehrungsbericht 1992 auf der Basis der Nationalen Verzehrsstudie, Band XII der VERA-Schriftenreihe. Herausgeber: W. Kuebler, Gießen, H.J. Anders, Nuernberg, W. Heeschen, Kiel
49. B. Vieth, B. Heinrich-Hirsch, and W. Mathar Trends in dioxin intake and in human milk levels in Germany Organohalogen Compd. 47 2000 300 303
50. B. Vieth, M. Albrecht, E. Bruns-Weller, P. Fuerst, B. Heinrich-Hirsch, A. Knoll, B. Link, R. Malisch, R. Mayer, I. Piechotowski, and W. Mathar Contamination of feeding stuff-possible association with increase of PCDD/PCDF concentration in human samples? Organohalogen Compd. 57 2002 65 68
51. S. von Manikowsky, H. Sagunski, O. Paepke, K.R. Fabig, H. Neus, M. Schumann, K. Spannhake, W. Karmaus, N. Osius, and B. Zier PCDD/PCDF indoor exposure in day-care centers and PCDD/PCDF blood concentrations of female employees Environ. Health Perspect. 106 Suppl. 2 1998 707 714
52. WHO (World Health Organization), 1998. Executive Summary-Assessment of the Health Risks of Dioxins: Re-evaluation of the Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI), WHO Consultation, May 25-29, 1998, Geneva, Switzerland
53. M. Wilhelm, P. Schrey, J. Wittsiepe, and B. Heinzow Dietary intake of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by German children using duplicate portion sampling Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 204 2002 359 362
54. M. Wilhelm, U. Ewers, and C. Schulz Revised and new reference values for some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood for human biomonitoring in environmental medicine Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 206 3 2003 223 229
55. J. Wittsiepe, P. Schrey, U. Ewers, F. Selenka, and M. Wilhelm Decrease of PCDD/F levels in human blood from Germany over the past ten years (1989-1998) Chemosphere 40 2000 1103 1109
56. J. Wittsiepe, P. Schrey, E. Schmidt, and M. Wilhelm Duplikatstudie zur Aufnahme von PCDD/F ueber Lebensmittel bei Kleinkindern aus Deutschland Umweltmed. Forsch. Prax. 7 1 2002 41 50
57. R. Wrbitzky, B. Beyer, H. Thoma, B. Flatau, M. Hennig, A. Weber, J. Angerer, and G. Lehnert Internal exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) of Bavarian chimney sweeps Arch Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 40 1 2001 136 140
58. J. Wuthe, I. Piechotowski, O. Paepke, B. Zier, T. Gabrio, D. Kramer, B. Kouros, M. Schwenk, and G. Pfaff First data on background levels of non-ortho and mono-ortho PCBs in blood of residents from southern Germany Chemosphere 32 3 1996 567 574
59. Wuthe, J., Link, B., Piechotowski, I., Sagunski, H., 1997. Organische Verbindungen/Weniger fluechtige Organohalogene. In: Wichmann, H.E., Schlipkoeter, H.W., Fuelgraff, G. (Eds.), Handbuch der Umweltmedizin, ecomed, Landsberg am Lech, 10. Erg. Lfg. 2/97, pp. 1-20
60. Zoellner, I.K., Weiland, S., Piechotowski, I., Gabrio, T., von Mutius, E., Link, B., Pfaff, G., Kouros, B., Wuthe, J., submitted for publication. No increase in the prevalence of asthma, allergies and atopic sensitisation among children in Germany