Current internal exposure to pesticides in children and adolescents in Germany: Blood plasma levels of pentachlorophenol (PCP), lindane (γ-HCH), and dichloro(diphenyl)ethylene (DDE), a biostable metabolite of dichloro(diphenyl)trichloroethane (DDT)

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health

Volumn 206, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 485-491

  Heudorf, Ursel ^a,c   Angerer, J ^b   Drexler, H ^b  

^a Public Health Department   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ERLANGEN NUREMBERG   (Germany)

^c Public Health Department   (Germany)

Author keywords

Children; DDE T; Human biomonitoring; Internal exposure; Lindane; PCP; Pesticides

Indexed keywords

1,1 DICHLORO 2,2 BIS(4 CHLOROPHENYL)ETHYLENE; CHLORPHENOTANE; LINDANE; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE; PENTACHLOROPHENOL; PESTICIDE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL MONITORING; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHILD; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DRUG STABILITY; ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GERMANY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; METABOLITE; PESTICIDE SPRAYING; URBAN AREA;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0142240171     PISSN: 14384639     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1078/1438-4639-00252     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Angerer, J., Schaller, K.-H. (Series): Analyses of hazardous substances in biological materials; VCH, Weinheim.
2. Becker, K., Kraus, S., Krause, C., Lepom, P., Schulz, C., Seiwert, M., Seifert, B.: German Environmental Survey 1998 (GerES III): environmental pollutants in blood of the German population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 205, 297-308 (2002).
3. Buckley, J. D., Meadows, A. T., Kadin, M. E., Le Beau M. M., Siegel, S., Robinson, L. L.: Pesticide exposures in children with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancer 89, 2315-2321 (2000).
4. Butte, W., Angst, M., Böhmer, W., Eilers, J., Goebel, A.: Reference values for pentachlorophenol in serum and urine (German). Ärztl Lab 33, 67-74 (1987).
5. Butte, W., Heinzow, B.: Reference values for pentachlorophenol in serum and urine (German). Klin Lab 41, 31-35 (1995).
6. Butte, W., Heinzow, B.: Reference values for pentachlorophenol in serum and urine (German). Umweltmed Forsch Prax 3, 237-238 (1998).
7. Chouela, E. N., Abendano, A. M., Pellerano, G., La Forgia, M., Papale, R. M., Garsd, A., del Carmen Bailan M., Battista, V.: Equivalent therapeutic efficacy and safety of ivermectin and lindane in the treatment of human scabies. Arch Dermatol 135, 651-655 (1999).
8. Commission on Human Biological Monitoring of the German Federal Environmental Agency: Principles of establishing reference values and human biomonitoring values (HBM values) in environmental medicine (in German). Bundesgesundheitsblatt 39, 221-224 (1996).
9. Commission on Human Biological Monitoring of the German Federal Environmental Agency: Monograph on pentachlorophenol. Reference values and HBM-values (German). Bundesgesundheitsblatt 40, 212-222 (1997).
10. Commission on Human Biological Monitoring of the German Federal Environmental Agency: Revision of the reference values for pentachlorophenol in serum and urine (German). Bundesgesundheitsblatt 42, 599-600 (1999a).
11. Commission on Human Biological Monitoring of the German Federal Environmental Agency: Reference values for HCB, HCH, DDT and PCB in mothers milk. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 42, 533-539 (1999b).
12. Daniels, J. L., Olshan, A. F., Savitz, D. A.: Pesticides and childhood cancer. Environ Health Perspect 105, 1068-1077 (1997).
13. Department of Nature and Environment, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany: Contaminations in soil in gardens and in household dust in four regions of the County Schleswig-Holstein. Ministry for Environment, Nature and Forest, Kiel (1997).
14. Doering, C., Thriene, B., Oppermann, H., Seeber, B., Pfeifer, I., Grossert, H., Benkwitz, F.: Analyses of mother's milk in the Bitterfeld region (German). Das Gesundheitswesen 61, 560-566 (1999).
15. Ewers, U., Krause, C., Schulz, C., Wilhelm, M.: Reference values and human biological monitoring values for environmental toxins. Report on the work and recommendations of the Commission on Human Biological Monitoring of the German Federal Environmental Agency. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 72, 255-60 (1999).
16. FAO/WHO: Pesticides Residues in Food: Joint report on the FAO working party on pesticide residues and the WHO expert committee on pesticide residues. Series. Rome, Food- and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, 1964-1995 (1995).
17. Fölster-Holst, R., Ruffi, T., Christophers, E.: Therapy of scabies with special concern to early childhood, pregnancy and breastfeeding (German). Hautarzt 51, 7-13 (2000).
18. Franz, T. J., Lehman, P. A., Franz, S. F., Guin, J. D.: Comparative percutaneous absorption of lindane and permethrin. Arch Dermatol 132, 901-905 (1996).
19. Göen, T., Angerer, J.: Internal exposure of the population to DDT and DDE. Reference values and tendencies in western Germany. (German) Umweltmed Forsch Prax 2, 29-31 (1997).
20. Heudorf, U., Angerer, J.: Internal exposure to PAHs of children and adults living in homes with parquet flooring containing high levels of PAHs in parquet glue. Int Arch Occup Environ Med 74, 91-101 (2001a).
21. Heudorf, U., Angerer, J.: Metabolites of organophosphorous insecticides in urine specimens from inhabitants of a residential area. Data from the former American Forces housing estates in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Environmental Research 86, 80-87 (2001b).
22. Heudorf, U., Angerer, J.: Metabolites of pyrethroid insecticides in urine specimens: current exposure in an urban population in Germany, 1998. Environ Health Perspect 109, 213-217 (2001c).
23. Heudorf, U., Letzel, S., Peters, M., Angerer, J.: PCP in the blood plasma: Current exposure of the population in Germany, based on data obtained in 1998. Int J Hyg Environ Health 203, 135-139 (2000).
24. Krause, Ch., Schulz, Ch.: Pyrethroids, PCP, and lindane in household dust of the German population (German). Umweltmed Forsch Prax 3, 207-208 (1998).
25. Lackmann, G. M.: Prenatal, transplacental uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene in Humans. 2. Neonatal pollution in the course of the past 15 years in Germany (German) Umweltmed Forsch Prax 6, 165-171 (2001).
26. Liebl, B., Mayer, R., Kaschube, M., Wächter, U.: Pentachlorophenol-data from a human biomonitoring programme in Bavaria, Germany (German). Gesundheitswesen 58, 332-338 (1996).
27. Meinert, R., Schüz, J., Kaletsch, U., Kaatsch, P., Michaelis, J.: Leukemia and non-hodgkin's lymphona in childhood and exposure to pesticides: results of a register-based case-control study in Germany. Am J Epidemiol 151, 639-646 (2000).
28. Meinking, T. L.: Safety of permethrin vs. lindane for the treatment of scabies (editorial) Arch Dermatol 132, 959-962 (1996).
29. Niessen, K. H., Helbich, H. M., Teufel, M., Witt, K., Böhn, I., Müller, W., Sartorius, J.: Wellknown contaminants and new toxaphenes in adipose tissue of children (German). Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146, 235-240 (1998).
30. Olshan, A. F., Daniels, J. L.: Invited commentary: pesticides and childhood cancer. Amer J Epidemiol 151, 647-8 (2000).
31. Ott, M., Failing, K., Lang, U., Schubring, Ch., Gent, H.-J., Georgii, S., Brunn, H.: Contamination of human milk in Middle Hesse, Germany - A cross-sectional study on the changing levels of chlorinated pesticides, PCB congeners and recent levels of nitro musks. Chemosphere 38, 13-32 (1999).
32. Schade, G., Heinzow, B.: Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk of mothers living in northern Germany: current extent of contamination, time trend from 1986 to 1997 and factors that influence the levels of contamination. Sci Total Environ 215, 31-39 (1998).
33. Schaller, K. H., Angerer, J.: Biomonitoring in environmental medicine (German) Umweltmed Forsch Prax 3, 168-175 (1998).
34. Schmid, K., Lederer, P., Göen, T., Schaller, K. H., Strebl, H., Weber, A., Angerer, J., Lehnert, G.: Internal exposure to hazardous substances of persons from various continents: investigations on exposure to different organochlorine compounds. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 69, 399-406 (1997).
35. Schulz, Ch., Becker, K., Friedrich, Ch., Helm, D., Hoffmann, K., Krause, Ch., Nöllke, P., Seiwert, M.: PCP values in the urine of the population in Germany (German). Umweltmed Forsch Prax 3, 238 (1998).
36. Schüz, J., Meinert, R., Michaelis, J.: The authors respond to Olshan and Daniels. Amer J Epidemiol 151, 650 (2000).
37. Seidel, H. J., Kaltenecker, S., Waizenegger, W.: Declining trends in the levels of organochlorine compounds in human milk (German). Umweltmed Forsch Prax 3, 83-98 (1998).
38. Straff, W., Möller, M., Jacobi, N., Weishoff-Houben, M., Dott, W., Wiesmüller, G. A.: Predictive value of human biomonitoring in environmental medicine: Experiences at the outpatient unit of environmental medicine (UEM) of the University Hospital Aachen, Germany. Int J Hyg Environ Health 205, 337-346 (2002).
39. Teufel, M., Böhn, I., Niessen, K. H.: Children's exposure to pesticides, PCBs, and potentially critical anions (German). Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 139, 442-449 (1991).
40. Von Mühlendahl, K. E.: The domestic use of pesticides and childhood cancer; thoughts on the importance of the abstracts in environmental publications. Eur J Pediatr 154, 991-992 (1995).
41. Wilhelm, M., Ewers, U., Schulz, C.: Revised and new reference values for some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in blood for human biomonitoring in environmental medicine. Int J Hyg Environ Health 206, 223-229 (2003).
42. World Health Organisation (WHO): Environmental Health Criteria 9: DDT and its derivatives. World Health Organisation, Geneva (1979).
43. World Health Organisation (WHO): Environmental Health Criteria 71: Pentachlorophenol. World Health Organisation, Geneva (1987).
44. World Health Organisation (WHO): Environmental Health Criteria 83: DDT and its derivatives - environmental aspects. World Health Organisation, Geneva (1989).
45. World Health Organisation (WHO): Environmental Health Criteria 124: Lindane. World Health Organisation, Geneva (1991).
46. Zahm, S. H., Ward, M. H.: Pesticides and childhood cancer. Environ Health Perspect 106, (suppl) 111-116 (1998).