Environmental stress and the evolution of dioecy: Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae) in Western Australia

Evolutionary Ecology

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 145-164

  Case, Andrea L ^a,b   Barrett, Spencer C H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Biomass allocation; Environmental stress; Evolution of dioecy; Gender strategies; Sex ratio

Indexed keywords

BIOMASS ALLOCATION; DIOECY; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; EVOLUTION; SEX RATIO;

AUSTRALASIA; AUSTRALIA; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

COLCHICACEAE; WURMBEA DIOICA;

EID: 1942487667     PISSN: 02697653     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/B:EVEC.0000021152.34483.77     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Alonso, C. and Herrera, C.M. (2001) Neither vegetative nor reproductive advantages account for high frequency of male-steriles in southern Spanish gynodioecious Daphne laureola (Thymelaeaceae). Am. J. Bot. 88, 1016-1024.
2. Arroyo, M.T.K. and Squeo, F. (1990) Relationship between plant breeding systems and pollination. In S. Kawano (ed.) Biological Approaches and Evolutionary Trends in Plants. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 205-227.
3. Ashman, T-L. (1999) Determinants of sex allocation in a gynodioecious wild strawberry: implications for the evolution of dioecy and sexual dimorphism. J. Evol. Biol. 12, 648-661.
4. Asikainen, E. and Mutikainen, P. (2003) Female frequency and the relative fitness of females and hermaphrodites in gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum. Am. J. Bot. 90, 226-234.
5. Barrett, S.C.H. (1992) Gender variation and the evolution of dioecy in Wurmbea dioica (Liliaceae). J. Evol. Biol. 5, 423-444.
6. Barrett, S.C.H., Case, A.L. and Peters, G.B. (1999) Gender modification and resource allocation in subdioecious Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae). J. Ecol. 87, 123-137.
7. Case, A.L. (2000) The evolution of combined versus separate sexes in Wurmbea. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Toronto.
8. Case, A.L. and Barrett, S.C.H. (2001) Ecological differentiation of combined and separate sexes of Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae) in sympatry. Ecology 82, 2601-2616.
9. Case, A.L., and Barrett, S.C.H. (2004) Floral biology of gender monomorphism and dimorphism in Wurmbea dioica (Colchicaceae) in Western Australia. Intl. J. Pl. Sci., in press.
10. Charlesworth, D. (1999) Theories of the evolution of dioecy. In M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson and L.F. Delph (eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 33-60.
11. Charlesworth, D. and Charlesworth, B. (1978) A model for the evolution of dioecy and gynodioecy. Am. Nat. 141, 481-490.
12. Charlesworth, D. and Charlesworth, B. (1987) The effect of investment in attractive structures on allocation to male and female functions in plants. Evolution 41, 948-968.
13. Costich, D.E. (1995) Gender specialization across a climatic gradient: experimental comparison of monoecious and dioecious Ecballium. Ecology 76, 1036-1050.
14. Darwin, C. (1877) The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species. Murray, London.
15. Dawson, T.E. and Geber, M.A. (1999) Dimorphoism in physiology and morphology. In M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson, and L.F. Delph (eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 175-215.
16. Delph, L.F. (1990a) The evolution of gender dimorphism in New Zealand Hebe (Scrophulariaceae). Evol. Trends Plants 4, 85-97.
17. Delph, L.F. (1990b) Sex ratio variation in the gynodioecious shrub Hebe strictissima (Scrophulariaceae). Evolution 44, 134-142.
18. Delph, L.F. (1990c) Factors affecting intraplant variation in flowering and fruiting in the gynodioecious species Hebe subalpina. J. Ecol. 81, 287-296.
19. Delph, L.F. (2003) Sexual dimorphism in gender plasticity and its consequences for breeding system evolution. Evol. Develop. 5, 34-39.
20. Delph, L.F. and Carroll, S.B. (2001) Factors affecting relative seed fitness and female frequency in a gynodioecious species, Silene acaulis. Evol. Ecol. Res. 3, 487-505.
21. Delph, L.F. and Lloyd, D.G. (1991) Environmental and genetic control of gender in the dimorphic shrub Hebe subalpina. Evolution 45, 1957-1964.
22. Delph, L.F. and Lloyd, D.G. (1996) Inbreeding depression in the gynodioecious shrub Hebe subalpina (Scrophulariaceae). New Zeal. J. Bot. 34, 241-247.
23. Dorken, M.E. and Barrett, S.C.H. (2003) Gender plasticity in Sagittaria sagittifolia (Alismataceae), a monoecious aquatic species. Plant Systemat. and Evol. 237: 99-106.
24. Eckhart, V.M. (1992) The genetics of gender and the effects of gender on floral characters in a gynodioecious Phacelia linearis (Hydrophyllaceae). Am. J. Bot. 79, 792-800.
25. Foulds, W. (1993) Nutrient concentrations of foliage and soil in southwestern Australia. New Phytologist 125: 529-546.
26. Galen, C. (2000) High and dry: drought stress, sex-allocation trade-offs, and selection on flower size in the alpine wild flower Polemonium viscosum (polemoniaceae). Am. Nat. 156, 72-83.
27. Geber, M.A., Dawson, T.E. and Delph, L.F. (1999) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York.
28. Hart, J.A. (1985) Evolution of dioecism in Lepechinia Willd. Sect. Parviflorae (Lamiaceae). System Bot. 10, 134-146.
29. Kirk, R.E. (1995) Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences. Brooks/Cole Publishers, Toronto.
30. Klinkhamer, G.L., de Jong, T.J. and Nell, H.W. (1994) Limiting factors for seed production and phenotypic gender in the gynodioecious species Echium vulgare (Boraginaceae). Oikos 71, 469-478.
31. Lloyd, D.G. (1974) Theoretical sex ratios of dioecious and gynodioecious angiosperms. Heredity 32, 11-34.
32. Lloyd, D.G. (1975) The maintenance of gynodioecy and androdioecy in angiosperms. Genetica 45, 325-339.
33. Lloyd, D.G. (1976) The transmission of genes via pollen and ovules in gynodioecious angiosperms. Theor. Popul. Biol. 9, 299-316.
34. Lloyd, D.G. (1980) Sexual strategies in plants III. A quantitative method for describing the gender of plants. New Zeal. J. Bot. 18, 103-108.
35. Lloyd, D.G. and Bawa, K.S. (1984) Modification of the gender of seed plants in varying conditions. Evol. Biol. 17, 255-388.
36. Macfarlane, T.D. (1980) A revision of Wurmbea (Liliaceae) in Australia. Brunonia 3, 145-208.
37. Macfarlane, T.D. (1987) Wurmbea (Liliaceae). Flora Aust. 45, 387-405.
38. Maurice, S., Charlesworth, D., Desfeux, C., Couvet, D. and Gouyon, P-H. (1993) The evolution of gender in hermaphrodites of gynodioecious populations with nucleo-cytoplasmic male-sterility. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. Ser. B 251, 253-261.
39. Ramula, S. and P. Mutikainen. (2003) Sex allocation of females and hermaphrodites in the gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum. Annal. Bot. 92, 207-213.
40. Rice, W.R. (1989) Analyzing tables of statistical tests. Evolution 43, 223-225.
41. Sakai, A.K. and Weller, S.G. (1999) Gender and sexual dimorphism in flowering plants: a review of terminology, biogeographic patterns, ecological correlates, and phylogenetic approaches. In M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson and L.F. Delph (eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 1-31.
42. Sakai, A.K., Weller, S.G., Chen, M-L., Chou, S-Y. and Tasanont, C. (1997) Evolution of gynodioecy and maintenance of females: the role of inbreeding depression, outcrossing, and resource allocation in Scheidea adamantis (Caryophyllaceae). Evolution 51, 724-736.
43. Sarkissian, T.S., Harder, L.D. and Barrett, S.C.H. (2001) Gender variation in Sagittaria latifolia (Alismataceae): is size all that matters? Ecology 82, 360-373.
44. SAS Institute. (1997) JMP User's Guide, Version 3.2.2. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
45. SAS Institute. (1999) SAS User's Guide, Version 7.0. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
46. Schultze, S.T. and Ganders, F.R. (1996) Evolution of unisexuality in the Hawaiian flora: a test of microevolutionary theory. Evolution 50, 842-855.
47. Schultze, E-D., Robichaux, R.J., Grace, J., Rundel, P.W., and Ehleringer, J.R. (1987) Plant water balance. BioScience 37: 30-37.
48. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. (1995) Biometry, 3rd edn. Freeman and Co., New York.
49. Vaughton, G. and Ramsey, M. (2002) Evidence of gynodioecy and sex ratio variation in Wurmbea biglandulosa (Colchicaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 232, 167-179.
50. Webb, C.J. (1979) Breeding systems and the evolution of dioecy in New Zealand apioid Umbelliferae. Evolution 33, 662-672.
51. Webb, C.J. (1999) Empirical studies: evolution and maintenance of dimorphic breeding systems. In M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson and L.F. Delph (eds) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 61-95.
52. Webb, C.J. and Lloyd D.G. (1986) The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and stigmas in angiosperms. 2. herkogamy. New Zealand J. Bot. 24:163-178.
53. Weiblen, G.D., Oyama, R.K., and Donoghue, M.J. (2000) Phylogenetic analysis of dioecy in monocotyledons. Am. Nat. 155: 46-58.
54. Weller, S.G. and Sakai, A.K. (1990) The evolution of dicliny in Scheidea (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic Hawaiian genus. Plant Species Biol. 5, 83-95.
55. Weller, S.G., Sakai, A.K., Wagner, W.L. and Herbst, D.R. (1990) Evolution of dioecy in Scheidea (Caryophyllaceae) in the Hawaiian Islands: biogeographical and ecological factors. Syst. Bot. 15, 266-276.
56. Wolfe, L.M. and Shmida, A. (1997) The ecology of sex expression in a gynodioecious Israeli desert shrub (Ochradenus baccatus). Ecology 78, 101-110.