"Why you so Singlish one?" a semantic and cultural interpretation of the Singapore English particle one

Language in Society

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 239-275

  Wong, Jock ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 18844420036     PISSN: 00474045     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0047404505050104     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Aijmer, Karin (1997). I think - an English modal particle. In Toril Swan & Olaf Jansen Westvik (eds.), Modality in Germanic languages: Historical and comparative perspectives, 1-47. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
2. Allan, Keith (1986). Linguistic meaning, vol. 1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
3. Alsagoff, Lubna, & Ho, Chee Lick (1998). The relative clause in colloquial Singapore English. World Englishes 17:127-38.
4. Apte, Mahadev L. (1974) "Thank you" and South Asian languages: A comparative sociolinguistic study. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 3:67-89.
5. Besemeres, Mary, & Wierzbicka, Anna (2003). Pragmatics and cognition: The meaning of the particle lah in Singapore English. Pragmatics and Cognition 11:3-38.
6. Brook, G. L. (1981). Words in everyday life. London: Macmillan.
7. Brown, Adam (1999). Singapore English in a nutshell: An alphabetical description of its features. Singapore: Federal Publications.
8. Caton, Charles E. (1966). On the general structure of the epistemic qualification of things said in English. Foundations of Language 2:37-66.
9. Coxford Singlish Dictionary (2002), Singapore: Angsana.
10. Crystal, David (1992). An encyclopedic dictionary of language and languages. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
11. Deterding, David (1994). The intonation of Singapore English. Journal of International Phonetic Association 24:61-72.
12. _, & Low, Ee Ling (2003). A corpus-based description of particles in spoken Singapore English. In David Deterding et al. (eds.), English in Singapore: Research on grammar, 58-66. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
13. Foley, Joseph (2001). Is English a first or second language in Singapore? In Ooi, 12-32.
14. _, Kandiah, J. A., Bao, Z., Gupta, A. F., Alsagoff, L., Ho, C. L., Wee, L., Talib, I. S., & Bokhorst-Heng, W. (1998). English in new cultural contexts: Reflections from Singapore. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
15. Goddard, Cliff (1997a). The universal syntax of semantic primitives. Language Sciences 19:197-207.
16. _ (1997b). Cultural values and 'cultural scripts' of Malay (Bahasa Melayu). Journal of Pragmatics 27:183-201.
17. _ (1998). Semantic analysis: A practical introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18. _ (2000). "Cultural scripts" and communicative style in Malay (Bahasa Melayu). Anthropological Linguistics 42:81-106.
19. _ (2002). The search for the shared semantic core of all languages. In Goddard & Wierzbicka, 1:5-40.
20. _ (2003). Thinking across languages and cultures: six dimensions of variation. Cognitive Linguistics 14:109-40.
21. _, & Wierzbicka, Anna (1994) (eds.). Semantic and lexical universals: Theory and empirical findings. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
22. _, _ (2002a). Meaning and universal grammar: Theory and empirical findings. 2 vols. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
23. _, _ (2002b). Opening statement: meaning and universal grammar. In Goddard & Wierzbicka, 1:1-3.
24. _, _ (2002c). Semantic primes and universal grammar. In Goddard & Wierzbicka, 1:41-85.
25. Gupta, Anthea Fraser (1992a). Contact features of Singapore colloquial English. In Kingsley Bolton & Helen Kwok (eds.), Sociolinguistics today: International perspectives, 323-45. London: Routledge.
26. _ (1992b). The pragmatic particles of Singapore colloquial English. Journal of Pragmatics 18:31-57.
27. _ (1994). The step-tongue: Children's English in Singapore. Clevedon (England): Multilingual Matters.
28. Halliday, M. A. K. (1985). An introduction to functional grammar. London: Edward Arnold.
29. Ho, Chee Lick (2001). The cultural grounding of Singapore English. In Ooi, 102-11.
30. Ho, Mian Lian, & Platt, John T. (1993). Dynamics of a contact continuum. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
31. Hübler, Axel (1983). Understatements and hedges in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
32. Humphreys, Neil (2001). Notes from an even smaller island. Singapore: Times Books International.
33. Kachru, Braj B. (1983). Meaning in deviation: Toward understanding non-native English texts. In R. B. Noss (ed.), Varieties of English in Southeast Asia, 20-49. Singapore: Singapore University Press.
34. Kwan-Terry, Anna (1978). The meaning and the source of the "la" and the "what" particles in Singapore English. RELC Journal 9(2):22-36.
35. _ (1992). Towards a dictionary of Singapore English - Issues relating to making entries for particles in Singapore English. In Pakir, 62-72.
36. _ (2000). Language shift, mother tongue, and identity in Singapore. International Journal of the Sociology of Language (special issue, Islands and Identity in Sociolinguistics: Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan) 143:85-106.
37. Lakoff, George (1973). Hedges: A study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts. Journal of Philosophical Logic 2:458-508.
38. Lee, Edmond Eu Fah (2001). Profile of the Singapore Chinese dialect groups. Statistics Singapore Newsletter. Singapore Department of Statistics. 〈www.singstat.gov.sg/ssn/feat/2Q2001/pg26.pdf〉 Accessed 25 June 2004.
39. McCrum, Robert, MacNeil, Robert, & Cran, William (2002). The story of English. 3rd ed. London: Faber & Faber.
40. Ooi, Vincent (2001) (ed.). Evolving identities: The English language in Singapore and Malaysia. Singapore: Times Academic Press.
41. Pakir, Anne (1992a) (ed.). Words in a cultural context. Singapore: Unipress.
42. Pakir, Anne (1992b). Dictionary entries for discourse particles. In Pakir, 143-52.
43. Platt, John (1987). Communicative functions of particles in Singapore English. In R. Steel & T. Threadgold (eds.), Language topics, 1:391-401. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
44. _, & Ho, Mian Lian (1989). Discourse particles in Singaporean English: Substratum influences and universals. World Englishes 8:215-21.
45. _, & Weber, Heidi (1980). English in Singapore and Malaysia: Status, features, functions. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
46. _, _, & Ho, Mian Lian (1983). Singapore and Malaysia. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
47. _, _, _ (1984). The new Englishes. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
48. Radford, Andrew (1988). Transformational grammar: A first course. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
49. Richards, Jack C., & Tay, Mary W. J. (1977). The la particle in Singapore English. In William Crewe (ed.), The English language in Singapore, 141-56. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.
50. Seidlhofer, Barbara (2000). Mind the gap: English as a mother tongue vs English as a lingua franca. Vienna English Working Papers 9(1):51-68.
51. Singapore Census of Population (December 2000). Advance Data Release No. 3: Literacy and Language. Census of Population Office, Singapore Department of Statistics, 〈www.singstat.gov.sg/papers/c2000/adr-literacy.pdf〉 Accessed 25 June 2004.
52. Singapore Facts and Pictures (2001). Singapore: Ministry of Information and the Arts.
53. Smith, Larry E. (1983 [1981]). English as an international language. In L. E. Smith (ed.), Readings in English as an international language, 7-11. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
54. Tan, Hwee Hwee (2002 [2001]). Mammon Inc. London: Penguin.
55. Thompson, Sandra A., & Mulac, Anthony (1991). A quantitative perspective on the grammaticalization of epistemic parentheticals in English. In Elizabeth Closs Traugott & Bernd Heine (eds.), Approaches to grammaticalization II, 313-29. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
56. Tongue, R. K. (1974). The English of Singapore and Malaysia. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.
57. Trudgill, Peter, & Hannah, Jean (1994). International English: A guide to varieties of Standard English. 3rd ed. London: Edward Arnold.
58. Wardhaugh, Ronald (1998). An introduction to sociolinguistics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell.
59. Wee, Lionel (1998). The lexicon of Singapore English. In Foley et al., 175-200.
60. _ (2002). Lor in colloquial Singapore English. Journal of Pragmatics 34:711-25.
61. Wierzbicka, Anna (1986). Introduction. Journal of Pragmatics (Special issue on particles) 10:519-34.
62. _ (1992). Semantics, culture, and cognition: Human concepts in culture-specific configurations. New York: Oxford University Press.
63. _ (1996a). Semantics: Primes and universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
64. _ (1996b). Contrastive sociolinguistics and the theory of "cultural scripts": Chinese vs. English. In Marlis Hellinger & Ulrich Ammon (eds.), Contrastive sociolinguistics, 313-43. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
65. _ (1997). Understanding cultures through their key words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese. New York: Oxford University Press.
66. _ (1999). Emotions across languages and cultures: Diversity and universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
67. _ (2001). What did Jesus mean? Oxford: Oxford University Press.
68. _ (2003a). Cross-cultural pragmatics: The semantics of human interaction. 2nd ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
69. _ (2003b). Singapore English: A semantic and cultural perspective. Multilingua 22:327-66.
70. _ (forthcoming). English: Meaning and culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
71. Wong, Jock (2000). The 'mE' particle of Singlish. Centre for Advanced Studies Research Papers Series no. 18. Singapore: Pagesetters Services.
72. _ (2003). The reduplication of Chinese names in Singapore English. RASK 19:47-85.
73. _ (2004a). The particles of Singapore English: A semantic and cultural interpretation. Journal of Pragmatics 36:739-93.
74. _ (2004b). Reduplication of nominal modifiers in Singapore English. World Englishes 23:339-54.
75. _ (2004c). Cultural scripts, ways of speaking, and perceptions of personal autonomy: Anglo English vs. Singapore English. Intercultural Pragmatics (special issue on Cultural Scripts) 1.2:231-248.
76. _ (forthcoming). Social hierarchy in the "speech culture" of Singapore: A semantic and cultural study of the Singapore English words aunty, call, and guāi. To appear in Cliff Goddard (ed.), Ethnopragmatics: Afresh approach to discourse in culture. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
77. Wong, Peck San (1994). The use of 'one' in Singapore Colloquial English. Honours thesis, National University of Singapore.