메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 73-78

Can better prescribing turn the tide of resistance?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AVOPARCIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CEFEPIME; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CHLORAMPHENICOL; CIPROFLOXACIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DALBAVANCIN; DALFOPRISTIN PLUS QUINUPRISTIN; DAPTOMYCIN; DORIPENEM; ERTAPENEM; ERYTHROMYCIN; GARENOXACIN; GEMIFLOXACIN; IMIPENEM; LINEZOLID; MOXIFLOXACIN; ORITAVANCIN; PENICILLIN G; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; STREPTOMYCIN; SULFONAMIDE; TELITHROMYCIN; TETRACYCLINE; TIGECYCLINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

EID: 1842591127     PISSN: 17401526     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro798     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (94)

References (53)
  • 1
    • 0141610906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting
    • Ibrahim, E. H., Sherman, G., Ward, S., Fraser, V. J. & Kollef, M. H. The influence of inadequate antimicrobial treatment of bloodstream infections on patient outcomes in the ICU setting. Chest 118, 146-155 (2000).
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , pp. 146-155
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Sherman, G.2    Ward, S.3    Fraser, V.J.4    Kollef, M.H.5
  • 2
    • 0003433846 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Joint Committee on the Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
    • (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, UK,)
    • Report of the Joint Committee on the Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, UK, 1969).
    • (1969)
  • 3
    • 0003961049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance to Antibiotics and other Antimicrobial Agents
    • House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology Seventh Report. (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, UK,)
    • House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology Seventh Report. Resistance to Antibiotics and other Antimicrobial Agents. (Her Majesty's Stationery Office, UK, 1998).
    • (1998)
  • 4
    • 0003779120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Path of Least Resistance
    • UK Standing Medical Advisory Committee (SMAC). (Department of Health, UK,)
    • UK Standing Medical Advisory Committee (SMAC). The Path of Least Resistance. (Department of Health, UK, 1998).
    • (1998)
  • 5
    • 0004271659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance
    • (World Health Organization, Geneva,)
    • WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2001).
    • (2001)
  • 6
    • 8544225331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance
    • (European Commission,)
    • Opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance. (European Commission, 2003).
    • (2003)
  • 7
    • 8544242029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance
    • [online], (cited 20 Nov 2003)
    • Interagency Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance. [online], (cited 20 Nov 2003), (2001).
    • (2001)
  • 8
    • 0037439518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial resistance: Origins, epidemiology, and impact
    • Livermore, D. M. Bacteria] resistance: origins, epidemiology, and impact. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36, S11-S23 (2003).
    • (2003) Clin. Infect. Dis. , vol.36
    • Livermore, D.M.1
  • 9
    • 0038699546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial drug prescription in ambulatory care settings, United States, 1992-2000
    • McCaig, L. F., Besser, R. E. & Hughes, J. M. Antimicrobial drug prescription in ambulatory care settings, United States, 1992-2000. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 9, 432-437 (2003).
    • (2003) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.9 , pp. 432-437
    • McCaig, L.F.1    Besser, R.E.2    Hughes, J.M.3
  • 10
    • 0036096283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance among Enterobacteriaceae from bacteraemias h England and Wales, 1990-1999
    • Livermore, D. M. et al. Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance among Enterobacteriaceae from bacteraemias h England and Wales, 1990-1999. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8, 473-478 (2002).
    • (2002) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.8 , pp. 473-478
    • Livermore, D.M.1
  • 11
    • 0038392810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England and Wales in 2002
    • Fenton, K. A. et al. Ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in England and Wales in 2002. Lancet 361, 1867-1869 (2003).
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1867-1869
    • Fenton, K.A.1
  • 12
    • 42149178140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin
    • [online], (cited 20 Nov), (17 May 2002)
    • Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin. CDR Weekly 12, 2-3 [online], (cited 20 Nov 2003), (17 May 2002).
    • (2003) CDR Weekly , vol.12 , pp. 2-3
  • 13
    • 0037323919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase arrives in the UK
    • Alobwede, I. et al. CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase arrives in the UK. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 51, 470-471 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.51 , pp. 470-471
    • Alobwede, I.1
  • 14
    • 0036156692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMP-1 carbapenemase detected in an Acinetobacter clinical isolate from the UK
    • Tysall, L. et al. IMP-1 carbapenemase detected in an Acinetobacter clinical isolate from the UK. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 49, 217-218 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.49 , pp. 217-218
    • Tysall, L.1
  • 15
    • 0037990199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Finland
    • Finnish study group for antimicrobial resistance
    • Seppala, H. et al. The effect of changes in the consumption of macrolide antibiotics on erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in Finland. Finnish study group for antimicrobial resistance. N. Engl. J. Med. 337, 441-446 (1997).
    • (1997) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.337 , pp. 441-446
    • Seppala, H.1
  • 16
    • 0033514493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency A resistance
    • Austin, D. J., Kristinsson, K. G. & Anderson, R. M. The relationship between the volume of antimicrobial consumption in human communities and the frequency A resistance. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 96, 1152-1156 (1999).
    • (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.96 , pp. 1152-1156
    • Austin, D.J.1    Kristinsson, K.G.2    Anderson, R.M.3
  • 17
    • 0034956450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark
    • Aarestrup, F. M. et al. Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 2054-2059 (2001 ).
    • (2001) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. , vol.45 , pp. 2054-2059
    • Aarestrup, F.M.1
  • 18
    • 0030771743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in Finland
    • Manninen, R., Huovinen, P. & Nissinen, A. Increasing antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis in Finland. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40, 387-392 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 387-392
    • Manninen, R.1    Huovinen, P.2    Nissinen, A.3
  • 19
    • 0031894219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can susceptibility to an antimicrobial be restored by halting its use? The case of streptomycin versus Enterobacteriaceae
    • Chiew, Y. F., Yeo, S. F., Hall, L. M. & Livermore, D. M. Can susceptibility to an antimicrobial be restored by halting its use? The case of streptomycin versus Enterobacteriaceae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 41, 247-251 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.41 , pp. 247-251
    • Chiew, Y.F.1    Yeo, S.F.2    Hall, L.M.3    Livermore, D.M.4
  • 20
    • 0035962337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of sulphonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction
    • Enne, V. I., Livermore, D. M., Stephens, P. & Hall, L. M. Persistence of sulphonamide resistance in Escherichia coli in the UK despite national prescribing restriction. Lancet 357, 1325-1328 (2001).
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1325-1328
    • Enne, V.I.1    Livermore, D.M.2    Stephens, P.3    Hall, L.M.4
  • 21
    • 0031936495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal spread of group A streptococcus with the new type of erythromycin resistance
    • Finnish study group for antimicrobial resistance
    • Kataja, J. et al. Clonal spread of group A streptococcus with the new type of erythromycin resistance. Finnish study group for antimicrobial resistance. J. Infect. Dis. 177, 786-789 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.177 , pp. 786-789
    • Kataja, J.1
  • 22
    • 0027300201 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the introduction of a multiresistant clone of serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae from Spain to Iceland in the late 1980s
    • Soares, S., Kristinsson, K. G., Musser, J. M. & Tomasz, A. Evidence for the introduction of a multiresistant clone of serotype 6B Streptococcus pneumoniae from Spain to Iceland in the late 1980s. J. Infect. Dis. 168, 158-163 (1993).
    • (1993) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.168 , pp. 158-163
    • Soares, S.1    Kristinsson, K.G.2    Musser, J.M.3    Tomasz, A.4
  • 23
    • 0033059824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The control of hyperendemic glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus spp. on a haematology unit by changing antibiotic usage
    • Bradley, S. J. et al. The control of hyperendemic glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus spp. on a haematology unit by changing antibiotic usage. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 43, 261-266 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.43 , pp. 261-266
    • Bradley, S.J.1
  • 24
    • 0031675366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of the risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea elderly patients following treatment with cefotaxime or piperacillin-tazobactam
    • Settle, C. D., Wilcox, M. H., Fawley, W. N., Corrado, O. J. & Hawkey, P. M. Prospective study of the risk of Clostridium difficile diarrhoea elderly patients following treatment with cefotaxime or piperacillin-tazobactam. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 12, 1217-1223 (1998).
    • (1998) Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.12 , pp. 1217-1223
    • Settle, C.D.1    Wilcox, M.H.2    Fawley, W.N.3    Corrado, O.J.4    Hawkey, P.M.5
  • 25
    • 0033852580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of antibiotic utilization measures and control of multiple-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect
    • Patterson, J. E., Hardin, T. C., Kelly, C. A., Garcia, R. C. & Jorgensen, J. H. Association of antibiotic utilization measures and control of multiple-drug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 21, 455-458 (2000).
    • (2000) Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.21 , pp. 455-458
    • Patterson, J.E.1    Hardin, T.C.2    Kelly, C.A.3    Garcia, R.C.4    Jorgensen, J.H.5
  • 26
    • 0032517251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class restriction of cephalosporin use to control total cephalosporin resistance in nosocomial Klebsiella
    • Rahal, J. J. et al. Class restriction of cephalosporin use to control total cephalosporin resistance in nosocomial Klebsiella. JAMA 280, 1233-1237 (1998).
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1233-1237
    • Rahal, J.J.1
  • 27
    • 0032517244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance - Squeezing the balloon?
    • Burke, J. P. Antibiotic resistance - squeezing the balloon? JAMA 280, 1270-1271 (1998).
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1270-1271
    • Burke, J.P.1
  • 28
    • 0035962352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective antibiotic-resistance control strategies
    • Cunha, B. A. Effective antibiotic-resistance control strategies. Lancet 357, 1307-1308 (2001).
    • (2001) Lancet , vol.357 , pp. 1307-1308
    • Cunha, B.A.1
  • 29
    • 0038824068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcus aureus carrier state among elderly residents of a long-term care facility
    • Mendelson, G. et al. Staphylococcus aureus carrier state among elderly residents of a long-term care facility. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 4, 125-127 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. , vol.4 , pp. 125-127
    • Mendelson, G.1
  • 30
    • 0033540724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in nursing homes
    • Wiener, J. et al. Multiple antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in nursing homes. JAMA 281, 517-523 (1999).
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 517-523
    • Wiener, J.1
  • 31
    • 0038388185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of endemic ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Liverpool
    • Corkill, J. E. et al. Molecular epidemiology of endemic ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Liverpool. Int. J. STD AIDS 14, 379-385 (2003).
    • (2003) Int. J. STD AIDS , vol.14 , pp. 379-385
    • Corkill, J.E.1
  • 32
    • 0033546802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experience with an 'isolation unit' for patients infected with multi-resistant bacteria. Retrospective study of 49 patients
    • Bouchard, O. et al. Experience with an 'isolation unit' for patients infected with multi-resistant bacteria. Retrospective study of 49 patients. Presse Med. 28, 1405-1408 (1999).
    • (1999) Presse Med. , vol.28 , pp. 1405-1408
    • Bouchard, O.1
  • 33
    • 0037846459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus
    • Muto, C. A. et al. SHEA guideline for preventing nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 24, 362-386 (2003).
    • (2003) Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. , vol.24 , pp. 362-386
    • Muto, C.A.1
  • 34
    • 0031936787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of mini-BAL cultures on patient outcomes: Implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Kollef, M. H. & Ward, S. The influence of mini-BAL cultures on patient outcomes: implications for the antibiotic management of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 113, 412-420 (1998).
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 412-420
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Ward, S.2
  • 35
    • 0035101909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure
    • Gillespie, S. H. Antibiotic resistance in the absence of selective pressure. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 17, 171-176 (2001).
    • (2001) Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents , vol.17 , pp. 171-176
    • Gillespie, S.H.1
  • 36
    • 0035029364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological cost and compensatory evolution in fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
    • Nagaev, I., Bjorkman, J., Andersson, D. I. & Hughes, D. Biological cost and compensatory evolution in fusidic acid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mol. Microbiol. 40, 433-439 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.40 , pp. 433-439
    • Nagaev, I.1    Bjorkman, J.2    Andersson, D.I.3    Hughes, D.4
  • 37
    • 0036431723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compensatory adaptation to the deleterious effect of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium
    • Maisnier-Patin, S., Berg, O. G., Liljas, L. & Andersson, D. I. Compensatory adaptation to the deleterious effect of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. Mol. Microbiol. 46, 355-366 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.46 , pp. 355-366
    • Maisnier-Patin, S.1    Berg, O.G.2    Liljas, L.3    Andersson, D.I.4
  • 38
    • 0030625265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cost of antibiotic resistance - From the perspective of a bacterium
    • Lenski, R. E. The cost of antibiotic resistance - from the perspective of a bacterium. Ciba Found. Symp. 207, 131-140 (1997).
    • (1997) Ciba Found. Symp. , vol.207 , pp. 131-140
    • Lenski, R.E.1
  • 39
    • 0023694037 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a bacteria/plasmid association
    • Bouma, J. E. & Lenski, R. E. Evolution of a bacteria/plasmid association. Nature 335, 351-352 (1988).
    • (1988) Nature , vol.335 , pp. 351-352
    • Bouma, J.E.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 40
    • 0033062929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteic toxin-antitoxin, bacterial plasmid addiction systems and their evolution with special reference to the pas system of pTF-FC2
    • Rawlings, D. E. Proteic toxin-antitoxin, bacterial plasmid addiction systems and their evolution with special reference to the pas system of pTF-FC2. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 176, 269-277 (1999).
    • (1999) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.176 , pp. 269-277
    • Rawlings, D.E.1
  • 41
    • 0034211214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TEM-24 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter aerogenes: Long-term clonal dissemination in French hospitals
    • Galdbart, J. O. et al. TEM-24 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter aerogenes: long-term clonal dissemination in French hospitals. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 6 316-323 (2000).
    • (2000) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.6 , pp. 316-323
    • Galdbart, J.O.1
  • 42
    • 0036983136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The successful clone: The vector of dissemination of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Klugman, K. P. The successful clone: the vector of dissemination of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 50, S1-S5 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.50
    • Klugman, K.P.1
  • 43
    • 0028122609 scopus 로고
    • Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that produce SHV-4 β-lactamase and which were isolated in 14 French hospitals
    • Arlet, G. et al. Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that produce SHV-4 β-lactamase and which were isolated in 14 French hospitals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 32, 2553-2558 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.32 , pp. 2553-2558
    • Arlet, G.1
  • 44
    • 0034916443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominance of EMRSA-15 and -16 among MRSA causing nosocomial bacteraemia in the UK: Analysis of isolates from the European antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (EARSS)
    • Johnson, A. P. et al. Dominance of EMRSA-15 and -16 among MRSA causing nosocomial bacteraemia in the UK: analysis of isolates from the European antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (EARSS). J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 48, 143-144 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Antimicrob. Chemother. , vol.48 , pp. 143-144
    • Johnson, A.P.1
  • 45
    • 0038727786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The threat from the pink corner
    • Livermore, D. M. The threat from the pink corner. Ann. Med. 35, 226-234 (2003).
    • (2003) Ann. Med. , vol.35 , pp. 226-234
    • Livermore, D.M.1
  • 46
    • 0242291985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why is big pharma getting out of antibacterial drug discovery?
    • Projan, S. Why is big pharma getting out of antibacterial drug discovery? Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6, 427-430 (2003).
    • (2003) Curr. Opin. Microbiol. , vol.6 , pp. 427-430
    • Projan, S.1
  • 47
    • 0034285477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendation for treatment of severe infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)
    • Paterson, D. L. Recommendation for treatment of severe infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 6, 460-463 (2000).
    • (2000) Clin. Microbiol. Infect. , vol.6 , pp. 460-463
    • Paterson, D.L.1
  • 48
    • 8544267504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dying for FDA reform
    • [online], (cited 20 Nov), (15; Jun)
    • Miller, H. I. Dying for FDA reform. Washington Times [online], (cited 20 Nov), (15 Jun 2003).
    • (2003) Washington Times
    • Miller, H.I.1
  • 49
    • 8544261427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Ronald, A. R. & Low, D. E.) (Birkhauser-Verlag,)
    • Sheehan, G. & Chew, N. S. Y. in Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics (eds Ronald, A. R. & Low, D. E.) 1-9 (Birkhauser-Verlag, 2003).
    • (2003) Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics , pp. 1-9
    • Sheehan, G.1    Chew, N.S.Y.2
  • 51
    • 0037699291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of mutators in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
    • Chopra, I., O'Neill, A. J. & Miller, K. The role of mutators in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Drug Resist. Updat. 6, 137-145 (2003).
    • (2003) Drug Resist. Updat. , vol.6 , pp. 137-145
    • Chopra, I.1    O'Neill, A.J.2    Miller, K.3
  • 52
    • 0028420272 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to antibiotics mediated by target alterations
    • Spratt, B. G. Resistance to antibiotics mediated by target alterations. Science 264, 388-393 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 388-393
    • Spratt, B.G.1
  • 53
    • 0034700926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteraemia and antibiotic resistance of its pathogens reported in England and Wales between 1990 and 1998: Trend analysis
    • Reacher, M. H. et al. Bacteraemia and antibiotic resistance of its pathogens reported in England and Wales between 1990 and 1998: trend analysis. BMJ 320, 213-216 (2000).
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.320 , pp. 213-216
    • Reacher, M.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.