Effect of Cacao Liquor Extract on Tumor Marker Enzymes during Chemical Hepatocarcinogenesis in Rats

Journal of Medicinal Food

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 7-12

  Amin, I ^a   Koh, B K ^a   Asmah, R ^a  

^a Malaysia   (Malaysia)

Author keywords

Cacao liquor; Hepatocarcinogenesis; Tumor marker enzymes

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; CACAO LIQUOR EXTRACT; CARCINOGEN; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; N (2 FLUORENYL)ACETAMIDE; PLANT EXTRACT; TUMOR MARKER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CACAO; CHEMICAL CARCINOGENESIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME ASSAY; LIVER CANCER; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT;

2-ACETYLAMINOFLUORENE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ANIMALS; CACAO; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; DIETHYLNITROSAMINE; GAMMA-GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE; LIVER; LIVER NEOPLASMS, EXPERIMENTAL; MALE; PHYTOTHERAPY; PLANT EXTRACTS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

ANIMALIA; THEOBROMA CACAO;

EID: 1842423828     PISSN: 1096620X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/109662004322984635     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Dreosti IE: Antioxidant polyphenols in tea, cocoa, and wine. Nutrition 2000;16:629-694.
2. Dillinger TL, Barriga P, Escárcega S, Jimenez M, Lowe DS, Grivetti LE: Food of the gods: cure for humanity? A cultural history of the medicinal and ritual use of chocolate. J Nutr 2000;130 (Suppl):2057S-2072S.
3. Sanbongi C, Osakabe N, Natsume M, Takizawa T, Gomi S, Osawa T: Antioxidative polyphenols isolated from Theobroma cacao. J Agric Food Chem 1998;46:454-457.
4. Osakabe N, Yamagishi M, Sanbongi C, Natsume M, Takizawa T, Osawa T: The antioxidative substances in cacao liquor. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1998;44:313-321.
5. Kondo K, Hirano R, Matsumoto A, Igarashi O, Itakwa H: Inhibition of LDL oxidation by cocoa. Lancet 1996;348:1514.
6. Yamagishi M, Natsume M, Nagaki A, et al.: Antimutagenic activity of cacao: inhibitory effect of cacao liquor polyphenols on the mutagenic action of heterocyclic amines. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:5074-5078.
7. Wollgast J, Anklam E: Polyphenols in chocolate: is there a contribution to human health? Food Res Int 2000;33:449-459.
8. Solt D, Farber E: New principle for the analysis of chemical carcinogenesis. Nature 1976;263:701-703.
9. Jeena KJ, Joy KL, Kuttan R: Effect of Emblica officinalis, Phyllanthus amarus and Picrorrhiza kurroa on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 1999;136:11-16.
10. Kitahara A, Satoh K, Nishimura K, et al.: Changes in molecular forms of rat hepatic glutathione S-transferase during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Cancer Res 1984;44:2698-2703.
11. Sato K: Glutathione transferase as markers of preneoplasia and neoplasia. Adv Cancer Res 1989;52:205-255.
12. Saccheti L, Castaldo G, Salvatone F: The gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzyme pattern in serum as a signal discriminating between hepatobiliary diseases, including neoplasias. Clin Chem 1988;34:352-355.
13. Kitahara A, Yamazaki T, Ishikawa T, Camba EA, Sato K: Changes in activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Gann 1983;74:649-655.
14. Rahmat A, Wan Zurinah WN, Gapor A, Khalid AK: Long-term tocotrienol supplementation and glutathione-dependent enzymes during hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 1993;2:129-134.
15. Osakabe N, Yamagishi M, Natsume M, Takizawa T, Nakamura T, Osawa T: Antioxidative polyphenolic substances in cacao liquor. In: Caffeinated Beverages: Health Benefits, Physiological Effects, and Chemistry (Parliment TH, Ho CT, Schieberle P, eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 2000, pp. 88-101.
16. Speir JL, Wattenberg LW: Alterations in microsomal metabolism of benzópyrene in mice fed butylated hydroxyanisole. J Natl Cancer Inst 1975;55:469-472.
17. Jahan M, Butterworth PJ: Alkaline phosphatase of chick kidney. Enzyme 1986;35:61-69.
18. Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB: Glutathione S-transferase. J Biol Chem 1974;249:7130-7139.
19. Jacobs WLW: A colorometric assay for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Clin Chim Acta 1971;31:175-179.
20. Yamagishi M, Osakabe N, Natsume M, et al.: Anticlastogenic activity of cacao: inhibitory effect of cacao liquor polyphenols against mitomycin C-induced DNA damage. Food Chem Toxicol 2001;39:1279-1283.
21. Yamagishi M, Natsume M, Osakabe N, et al.: Effects of cacao liquor proanthocyanidins on PhIP-induced mutagenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Lett 2002;185:123-130.
22. Yamagishi M, Natsume M, Osakabe N, et al.: Chemoprevention of lung carcinogenesis by cacao liquor proanthocyanidins in a male rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. Cancer Lett 2003; 191:49-57.
23. Peraino C, Fry RJM, Staffeldt E: Reduction and enhancement by phenobarbital of hepatocarcinogenesis induced in the rat by 2-acetylaminofluorene. Cancer Res 1971;31:1506-1512.
24. McKim SE, Konno A, Gäbele E, et al.: Cocoa extract protects against early alcohol-induced liver injury in the rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2002;406:40-46.
25. Xu Y, Ho CT, Amin SG, Han C, Chung FL: Inhibition of tobacco-specific nitrosamine-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by green tea and its major polyphenol as antioxidants. Cancer Res 1992;52:3875-3879.
26. Yang CS, Wang ZY: Review: tea and cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:1038-1049.
27. Rahmat A, Wan Zurinah WN, Nor Aripin S, Gapor A, Khalid AK: Long-term administration of tocotrienols and tumor-marker enzyme activities during hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Nutrition 1993;9:229-232.
28. Jakoby WB: The glutathione S-transferase: a group of multifunctional detoxification proteins. Adv Enzymol 1977;46:381-412.
29. Smith GJ, Ohl VS, Litwack G: Ligandin, the glutathione S-transferase, and chemically induced hepatocarcinogenesis: a review. Cancer Res 1977;37:8-14.
30. Fiala S, Mohindru A, Kettering WG, Fiala AE, Morris H: Glutathione and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in rat liver during chemical carcinogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 1976;57:591-598.
31. Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G: Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 2002;18:872-879.
32. Hochwald SN, Harrison LE, Rose DM, Anderson M, Burt ME: γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase mediation of tumor glutathione utilization in vivo. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:193-197.
33. Hiramoto K, Ryuno Y, Kikugawa K: Decomposition of N-nitrosamines, and concomitant release of nitric oxide by Fenton reagent under physiological conditions. Mutat Res 2002;520: 103-111.
34. Carlberg I, Mannervik B: Glutathione reductase. Methods Enzymol 1985;113:484-490.