Self-injection of flunitrazepam alone and in the context of methadone maintenance in baboons

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

Volumn 78, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 113-123

  Ator, Nancy A ^a   Griffiths, Roland R ^a   Weerts, Elise M ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cocaine; Feeding; Flunitrazepam; Methadone; Monkeys; Self administration

Indexed keywords

BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; COCAINE; FLUNITRAZEPAM; METHADONE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BABOON; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DEPENDENCE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; LIMB; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SELF INJECTION;

EID: 17444404623     PISSN: 03768716     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.09.007     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. A. Agmo, A. Galvan, A. Heredia, and M. Morales Naloxone blocks the antianxiety but not the motor effects of benzodiazepines and pentobarbital: experimental studies and literature review Psychopharmacology 120 1995 186 194
2. N.A. Ator Zaleplon and triazolam: drug discrimination, plasma levels and self-administration in baboons Drug Alcohol Depend. 61 2000 55 68
3. N.A. Ator Relation between discriminative and reinforcing effects of midazolam, pentobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, zolpidem, and imidazenil in baboons Psychopharmacology 163 2002 477 487
4. N.A. Ator, and R.R. Griffiths Self-administration of barbiturates and benzodiazepines: a review Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 27 1987 391 398
5. N.A. Ator, and R.R. Griffiths Oral self-administration of triazolam, diazepam and ethanol in the baboon: drug reinforcement and benzodiazepine physiological dependence Psychopharmacology 108 1992 301 312
6. N.A. Ator, and R.R. Griffiths Differential sensitivity to midazolam discriminative-stimulus effects following self-administered versus response-independent midazolam Psychopharmacology 110 1993 1 4
7. N.A. Ator, and R.R. Griffiths Principles of drug abuse liability assessment in laboratory animals Drug Alcohol Depend. 70 2003 S55 S72
8. N.A. Ator, E.M. Weerts, B.J. Kaminski, M.A. Kautz, and R.R. Griffiths Zaleplon and triazolam physical dependence assessed across increasing doses under a once-daily dosing regimen in baboons Drug Alcohol Depend. 61 2000 69 84
9. C. Barnas, M. Rossmann, H. Roessler, Y. Riemer, and W.W. Fleischhacker Benzodiazepines and other psychotropic drugs abused by patients in a methadone maintenance program, familiarity and preference J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 12 1992 397 402
10. A. Bond, D. Seijas, S. Dawling, and M. Lader Systemic absorption and abuse liability of snorted flunitrazepam Addiction 89 1994 821 830
11. U.E. Busto, M.K. Romach, and E.M. Sellers Multiple drug use and psychiatric comorbidity in patients admitted to the hospital with severe benzodiazepine dependence J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 16 1996 51 57
12. M.E. Carroll, and R.A. Meisch Enhanced drug-reinforced behavior due to food deprivation T. Thompson P.B. Dews J.E. Barrett Advances in Behavioral Pharmacology, vol. 4 1984 Academic Press Orlando, FL 47 88
13. C. Castellano, U. Filibeck, and F. Pavone Naltrexone-reversible effects of flunitrazepam on locomotor activity and passive avoidance behaviour in mice Eur. J. Pharmacol. 104 1984 111 116
14. S.J. Cooper Benzodiazepine-opiate antagonist interactions and reward processes: implications for drug dependency Neuropharmacology 22 1983 535 538
15. S.J. Cooper Benzodiazepine-opiate antagonist interactions in relation to feeding and drinking behavior Life Sci. 32 1983 1043 1051
16. S.J. Cooper Benzodiazepines, appetite and stress Anim. Models Psychiat. Disord. 3 1991 24 44
17. S.G. Darke, J.E. Ross, and W.D. Hall Benzodiazepine use among injecting heroin users Med. J. Aust. 162 1995 645 647
18. Drug Enforcement Administration, 1997. Report on the appropriateness and desirability of rescheduling flunitrazepam as a schedule I controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act. Drug Enforcement Administration, Washington, DC.
19. M. Farre, M.T. Teran, P.N. Roset, M. Mas, M. Torrens, and J. Cami Abuse liability of flunitrazepam among methadone-maintained patients Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 140 1998 486 495
20. M. Gelkopf, A. Bleich, R. Hayward, G. Bodner, and M. Adelson Characteristics of benzodiazepine abuse in methadone maintenance treatment patients: a 1 year prospective study in an Israeli clinic Drug Alcohol Depend. 55 1999 63 68
21. L.R. Gerak, W.L. Woolverton, M.A. Nader, G.A. Patrick, L.S. Harris, G. Winger, J.H. Woods, and C.P. France Behavioral effects of flunitrazepam: reinforcing and discriminative stimulus effects in rhesus monkeys and prevention of withdrawal signs in pentobarbital-dependent rats Drug Alcohol Depend. 63 2001 39 49
22. J. Gibert-Rahola, R. Maldonado, J.A. Mico, I. Leonsegui, and M.C. Saavedra Comparative study in mice of flunitrazepam vs. diazepam on morphine withdrawal syndrome Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat. 12 1988 927 933
23. A.M. Gray Effect of alprazolam on opiate withdrawal: a combined behavioural and microdialysis study Eur. J. Pharmacol. 313 1996 73 77
24. R.R. Griffiths, R.J. Lamb, C.A. Sannerud, N.A. Ator, and J.V. Brady Self-injection of barbiturates, benzodiazepines and other sedative-anxiolytics in baboons Psychopharmacology 103 1991 154 161
25. R.R. Griffiths, S.E. Lukas, L.D. Bradford, J.V. Brady, and J.D. Snell Self-injection of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in baboons Psychopharmacology 75 1981 101 109
26. R.R. Griffiths, C.A. Sannerud, N.A. Ator, and J.V. Brady Zolpidem behavioral pharmacology in baboons: self-injection, discrimination, tolerance and withdrawal J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 260 1992 1199 1208
27. R.R. Griffiths, and E.M. Weerts Benzodiazepine self-administration in humans and laboratory animals - implications for problems of long-term use and abuse Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 134 1997 1 37
28. M.Y. Iguchi, L. Handelsman, W.K. Bickel, and R.R. Griffiths Benzodiazepine and sedative use/abuse by methadone maintenance clients Drug Alcohol Depend. 32 1993 257 266
29. M. Lapeyre-Mestre, C. Damase-Michel, P. Adams, P. Michaud, and J.L. Montastruc Falsified or forged medical prescriptions as an indicator of pharmacodependence: a pilot study. Community pharmacists of the Midi-Pyrenees Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 52 1997 37 39
30. A.S. Levine, J.E. Morley, B.A. Gosnell, C.J. Billington, and T.J. Bartness Opioids and consummatory behavior Brain Res. Bull. 14 1985 663 672
31. F. Lopez, L.G. Miller, M.L. Thompson, A. Schatzki, S. Chesley, D.J. Greenblatt, and R.I. Shader Chronic morphine administration augments benzodiazepine binding and GABAA receptor function Psychopharmacology 101 1990 545 549
32. S.E. Lukas, J.V. Brady, and R.R. Griffiths Comparison of opioid self-injection and disruption of schedule-controlled performance in the baboon J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 238 1986 924 931
33. S.E. Lukas, R.R. Griffiths, L.D. Bradford, J.V. Brady, and L.A. Daley A tethering system for intravenous and intragastric drug administration in the baboon Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 17 1982 823 829
34. M.J. Macenski, D.W. Schaal, J. Cleary, and T. Thompson Changes in food-maintained progressive-ratio responding of rats following chronic buprenorphine or methadone administration Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 47 1994 379 383
35. M.Z. Mintzer, and R.R. Griffiths Flunitrazepam and triazolam: a comparison of behavioral effects and abuse liability Drug Alcohol Depend. 53 1998 49 66
36. J.E. Morley, A.S. Levine, G.K. Yim, and M.T. Lowy Opioid modulation of appetite Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 7 1983 281 305
37. M.E. Mullins Laboratory confirmation of flunitrazepam in alleged cases of date rape Acad. Emerg. Med. 6 1999 966 968
38. S.S. Negus, and N.K. Mello Effects of chronic methadone treatment on cocaine- and food-maintained responding under second-order, progressive-ratio and concurrent-choice schedules in rhesus monkeys Drug Alcohol Depend. 74 2004 297 309
39. C.G. Pick Antinociceptive interaction between alprazolam and opioids Brain Res. Bull. 42 1997 239 243
40. S.M. Pond, T.G. Tong, N.L. Benowitz, P.D. Jacob, and J. Rigod Lack of effect of diazepam on methadone metabolism in methadone-maintained addicts Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 31 1982 139 143
41. K.L. Preston, R.R. Griffiths, E.J. Cone, W.D. Darwin, and C.W. Gorodetzky Diazepam and methadone blood levels following concurrent administration of diazepam and methadone Drug Alcohol Depend. 18 1986 195 202
42. K.L. Preston, R.R. Griffiths, M.L. Stitzer, G.E. Bigelow, and I.A. Liebson Diazepam and methadone interactions in methadone maintenance Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 36 1984 534 541
43. K.L. Preston, J.T. Sullivan, E.C. Strain, and G.E. Bigelow Enhancement of cocaine's abuse liability in methadone-maintenance patients Psychopharmacology 123 1996 15 25
44. L. Rocha, K. Tatsukawa, H.T. Chugani, and J. Engel Jr. Benzodiazepine receptor binding following chronic treatment with naloxone, morphine and met-enkephalin in normal rats Brain Res. 612 1993 247 252
45. J.H. Rosland, and K. Hole 1,4-Benzodiazepines antagonize opiate-induced antinociception in mice J. Anesth. Analg. 71 1990 242 248
46. J.M. Rudski, D.W. Schaal, T. Thompson, J. Cleary, C.J. Billington, and A.S. Levine Effects of methadone on free feeding in satiated rats Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 43 1992 1033 1037
47. J.M. Rudski, D. Thomas, C.J. Billington, and A.S. Levine Buprenorphine increases intake of freely available and operant-contingent food in satiated rats Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 50 1995 271 276
48. L. San, J. Tato, M. Torrens, C. Castillo, M. Farre, and J. Cami Flunitrazepam consumption among heroin addicts admitted for in-patient detoxification Drug Alcohol Depend. 32 1993 281 286
49. D.J. Sanger, and P.S. McCarthy Differential effects of morphine on food and water intake in food deprived and freely-feeding rats Psychopharmacology 72 1980 103 106
50. C.A. Saum, and J.A. Inciardi Rohypnol misuse in the United States Subst. Use Misuse 32 1997 723 731
51. R. Shalev, J.W. Grimm, and Y. Shaham Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: a review Pharmacol. Rev. 54 2002 1 42
52. H.E. Shannon, S.G. Holtzman, and D.C. Davis Interactions between narcotic analgesics and benzodiazepine derivatives on behavior in the mouse J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 199 1976 389 399
53. Sidman, M., 1960. Tactics of Scientific Research. Basic Books.
54. M.M. Simmons, and M.J. Cupp Use and abuse of flunitrazepam Ann. Pharmacother. 32 1998 117 119
55. S.P. Sivam, and I.K. Ho Influence of morphine dependence on GABA-stimulated benzodiazepine binding to mouse brain synaptic membranes Eur. J. Pharmacol. 79 1982 335 336
56. S.P. Sivam, and I.K. Ho GABA in morphine analgesia and tolerance Life Sci. 37 1985 199 208
57. K.M. Smith Drugs used in acquaintance rape J. Am. Pharm. Assoc. 39 1999 519 525
58. C. Soria, A. Fernandez-Lopez, T. Gomez, and P. Calvo [3H]-flunitrazepam binding after morphine treatment and under abstinence syndrome Brain Res. Bull. 27 1991 611 615
59. R.B. Stewart, G.A. Lemaire, J.D. Roache, and R.A. Meisch Establishing benzodiazepines as oral reinforcers: midazolam and diazepam self-administration in rhesus monkeys J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 271 1994 200 211
60. G.A. Tejwani, A.K. Rattan, P. Sribanditmongkol, M.J. Sheu, J. Zuniga, and J.S. McDonald Inhibition of morphine-induced tolerance and dependence by a benzodiazepine receptor agonist midazolam in the rat Anesth. Analg. 76 1993 1052 1060
61. M. Tsuda, T. Suzuki, M. Misawa, and H. Nagase Involvement of the opioid system in the anxiolytic effect of diazepam in mice Eur. J. Pharmacol. 307 1996 7 14
62. E.M. Weerts, N.A. Ator, D.M. Grech, and R.R. Griffiths Zolpidem physical dependence assessed across increasing doses under a once-daily dosing regimen in baboons J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 285 1998 41 53
63. E.M. Weerts, and R.R. Griffiths Evaluation of limited and unlimited feeding during withdrawal in triazolam-dependent baboons Behav. Pharmacol. 10 1999 415 421
64. E.M. Weerts, B.J. Kaminski, and R.R. Griffiths Stable low-rate midazolam self-injection with concurrent physical dependence under conditions of long-term continuous availability in baboons Psychopharmacology (Berl.) 135 1998 70 81
65. World Health Organization (WHO), 1995. Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, Twenty-ninth report. WHO Technical Report Series, no. 856. World Health Organization, Geneva.
66. G. Winger, J.H. Woods, G.A. Patrick, L.J. Powell, L.S. Harris, M.A. Nader, and W.L. Woolverton Progress report from the Testing Program for Stimulant and Depressant Drugs (1991) NIDA Res. Monogr. 119 1992 625 639
67. J.H. Woods, J.L. Katz, and G. Winger Abuse liability of benzodiazepines Pharmacol. Rev. 39 1987 251 419
68. J.H. Woods, J.L. Katz, and G. Winger Benzodiazepines: use, abuse, and consequences Pharmacol. Rev. 44 1992 151 347
69. J.H. Woods, and G. Winger Abuse liability of flunitrazepam J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 17 1997 1S 57S
70. Yanagita, T., Kato, S., Miyasato, K., 1981. Dependence potential of flunitrazepam tested in rhesus monkeys. CIEA Preclinical Reports, vol. 7, pp. 37-42.