Differential access to information and anticipated group interaction: Impact on individual reasoning

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 88, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 619-631

  Augustinova, Maria ^a   Oberlé, Dominique ^b   Stasser, Garold L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DESCARTES   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ PARIS OUEST NANTERRE LA DÉFENSE   (France)

^c MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anticipated group interaction; Differences in access to information; Impact of social context on reasoning; Lawyer engineer problem; Selection task

Indexed keywords

ACCESS TO INFORMATION; ADULT; ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; GROUP PROCESS; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

ACCESS TO INFORMATION; ADULT; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; GROUP PROCESSES; HUMANS; INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT;

EID: 17044377501     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.619     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Ajzen, I. (1977). Intuitive theories of events and the effects of base rate information on prediction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 303-314.
2. Asch, S. E. (1952). Social psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
3. Bargh, J. A., & Schul, Y. (1980). On the cognitive benefits of teaching. Journal of Educational Psychology, 72, 593-604.
4. Baron, R. S., Vandello, J. A., & Brunsman, B. (1996). The forgotten variable in conformity research: Impact of task importance on social influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 915-927.
5. Beckett, N. E., & Park, B. (1995). Use of category versus individuating information: Making base rates salient. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 21-31.
6. Benware, C. A., & Deci, E. L. (1984). Quality of learning with an active versus passive motivational set. American Educational Research Journal, 21, 755-765.
7. Birnbaum, M. H., & Mellers, B. A. (1983). Bayesian inference: Combining base rates with opinions of sources who can vary in credibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45, 792-803.
8. Cheng, P., & Holyoak, K. (1989). On the natural selection of reasoning theories. Cognition, 33, 285-313.
9. Cosmides, L. (1989). The logic of social exchange: Has natural selection shaped how humans reason? Studies with the Wason selection task. Cognition, 31, 187-276.
10. Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (1992). Cognitive adaptations for social exchange. In J. H. Barkow, L. Cosmides, & J. Tooby (Eds.). The adapted mind (pp. 163-228). New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Cox, J. R., & Griggs, R. A. (1982). The effects of experience on performance in Wason's selection task. Memory and Cognition, 105, 496-502.
12. Dawson, E., Gilovich, T., & Regan, D. T. (2002). Motivated reasoning and performance on the Wason selection task. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 28, 1379-1387.
13. Drozda-Senkowska, E. (1997). La valeur discriminante de l'information qui individualise un objet et la connaissance de ses catégories d'appartenance. [The discriminant value of information that individualizes an object and indicates its category membership]. Année Psychologique, 97, 237-265.
14. Evans, J. S. B. T. (1982). The psychology of deductive reasoning. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
15. Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison. Psychological Review, 57, 271-282.
16. Fiddick, L., Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2000). No interpretation without representation: The role of domain-specific representations and inferences in the Wason selection task. Cognition, 77, 1-79.
17. Fiedler, K., & Hertel, G. (1994). Content-related schemata versus verbal-framing effects in deductive reasoning. Social Cognition, 12, 129-147.
18. Gigone, D., & Hastie, R. (1993). The common knowledge effect: Information sharing and group judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 959-974.
19. Gigone, D., & Hastie, R. (1996). The impact of information on group judgment: A model and computer simulation. In E. H. Witte & J. H. Davis (Eds.). Understanding group behavior (Vol. 1, pp. 221-251). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Ginossar, Z., & Trope, Y. (1987). Problem solving in judgment under uncertainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 464-476.
21. Griggs, R. A. (1984). Memory cueing and instructional effects on Wason's task selection. Current Psychological Research and Reviews, 3, 3-10.
22. Guerin, B., & Innes, J. M. (1989). Cognitive tuning sets: Anticipating the consequences of communication. Current Psychology: Research and Reviews, 8, 234-249.
23. Hinsz, V., Tindale, R., & Vollrath, D. (1997). The emerging conceptualization of groups as information processors. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 43-64.
24. Huguet, P., Galvaing, M. P., Monteil, J. M., & Dumas, F. (1999). Social presence effects in the Stroop task: Further evidence for an attentional view of social facilitation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1011-1025.
25. Jackson, S. E. (1991). Team composition in organizational settings: Issues in managing an increasingly diverse work force. In S. Worchel, W. Wood, & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Group process and productivity (pp. 138-173). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
26. Johnson-Laird, P. N., Legrenzi, P., & Legrenzi, M. (1972). Reasoning and a sense of reality. British Journal of Psychology, 63, 395-400.
27. Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1973). On the psychology of prediction, Psychological Review, 80, 237-251.
28. Karau, S. J., & Williams, K. D. (1997). The effects of group cohesiveness on social loafing and social compensation. Group Dynamics, 1, 156-168.
29. Kerr, N. L. (2001). Motivation gains in performance groups: Aspects and prospects. In J. P. Forgas, K. D. Williams, & L. Wheeler (Eds.), The social mind: Cognitive and motivational aspects of interpersonal behavior (pp. 350-370). New York: Cambridge University Press.
30. Kiesler, C. A. (1971). The psychology of commitment: Experiments linking behavior to belief. New York: Academic Press.
31. Klayman, J., & Ha, Y. W. (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and informational hypothesis testing, Psychological Review, 94, 211-228.
32. Koehler, J. J. (1996). The base rate fallacy reconsidered: Descriptive, normative, and methodological challenges. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 1-53.
33. Lakatos, I. (1970). Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programs. In I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave (Eds.), Criticism and the growth of knowledge (pp. 91-105). London: Cambridge University Press.
34. Larson, J. R., & Christensen, C. (1993). Groups as problem-solving units: Toward a new meaning of social cognition. British Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 5-30.
35. Larson, J. R., Christensen, C., Abbott, A. S., & Franz, T. M. (1996). Diagnosing groups: Charting the flow of information in medical decision-making teams. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 315-330.
36. Levine, J. M., Bogart, L. M., & Zdaniuk, B. (1996). Impact of anticipated group membership on cognition. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 531-569). New York: Guilford Press.
37. Levine, J. M., Resnick, L. B., & Higgins, E. T. (1993). Social foundations of cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 585-612.
38. Lovett, M. C., & Schunn, C. D. (1999). Task representation, strategy variability, and base-rate neglect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 128, 107-130.
39. Macchi, L. (1995). Pragmatic aspects of the base-rate fallacy. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 48, 188-207.
40. Major, B., Testa, M., & Bylsma, W. H. (1991). Responses to upward and downward social comparisons: The impact of self-esteem relevance and perceived control. In J. Suis & T. A. Wills (Eds.), Social comparisons: Contemporary theory and research (pp. 227-260). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
41. Messé, L. A., Hertel, G., Kerr, N. L., Lount, R. B., Jr., & Park, E. S. (2002). Knowledge of partner's ability as a moderator of group motivation gains: An exploration of the Koehler discrepancy effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 935-946.
42. Mynatt, C. R., Doherty, M. E., & Tweney, R. D. (1977). Confirmation bias in simulated research environment: An experimental study of scientific inference. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 29, 85-95.
43. Payne, J. W. (1982). Contingent decision behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 382-402.
44. Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1981). Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown.
45. Popper, K. R. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. New York: Harper & Row.
46. Reagans, R., & Zuckerman, E. W. (2001). Networks, diversity, and productivity: The social capital of corporate R&D teams. Organization Science, 12, 502-517.
47. Richard, G., & Drozda-Senkowska, E. (2001). Traitement de l'information et jugement predictif: Une approche "integrative" [Information processing and predictive judgment: An "integrative" approach]. L'Année Psychologique, 101, 247-276.
48. Rodan, S. (2002). Innovation and heterogeneous knowledge in managerial contact networks. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6, 152-163.
49. Seta, J. (1982). The impact of comparison processes on coactors' task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 281-291.
50. Sherman, S. J., & Corty, E. (1985). Cognitive heuristics. In R. S. Wyer Jr. & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 189-286). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
51. Sperber, D., Cara, F., & Girotto, V. (1995). Relevance theory explains the selection task. Cognition, 57, 31-95.
52. Stasser, G. (1999). The uncertain role of unshared information in collective choice. In L. Thompson, J. M. Levine, & D. M. Messick (Eds.), Shared cognition in organizations: The management of knowledge (pp. 49-69), Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
53. Stasser, G., & Stewart, D. D. (1992). Discovery of hidden profiles by decision-making groups: Solving a problem versus making a judgment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 426-434.
54. Stasser, G., Stewart, D. D., & Wittenbaum, G. (1995). Expert roles and information exchange during discussion: The importance of knowing who knows what. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 31, 244-265.
55. Stasser, G., Taylor, L. A. & Hanna, C. (1989). Information sampling in structured and unstructured discussions of three- and six-person groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 67-78.
56. Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1985). Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1467-1478.
57. Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (1987). Effects of information load and percentage of shared information on the dissemination of unshared information during group discussion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 81-93.
58. Stasser, G., & Titus, W. (2003). Hidden profiles: A brief history. Psychological Inquiry, 14, 304-313.
59. Stasser, G., Vaughan, S. I., & Stewart, D. D. (2000). Pooling unshared information: The benefits of knowing how access to information is distributed among group members. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 82, 102-116.
60. Stewart, D. D., & Stasser, G. (1995). Expert role assignment and information sampling during collective recall and decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 619-628.
61. Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reaction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 18, 643-662.
62. Suls, J., & Wills, T. A. (1991). Social comparison: Contemporary theory and research. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
63. Taylor, S. E., Wayment, H. A., & Carillo, M. (1996). Social comparison, self-regulation, and motivation. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 3, pp. 3-27). New York: Ouilford Press.
64. Tetlock, P. (1992). The impact of accountability on judgment and choice: Toward a social contingency model. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25, pp. 331-376). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
65. Tindale, R. S. (1993). Decision errors made by individuals and groups. In N. J. Castellan Jr. (Ed.), Individual and group decision making: Current issues (pp. 109-124). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
66. Tindale, R. S., Smith, C. M., Thomas, L. S., Filkins, J., & Sheffey, S. (1996). Shared representations and asymmetric social influence processes in small groups. In E. H. Witte & J. H. Davis (Eds.), Understanding group behavior; Vol. 1. Consensual action by small groups (pp. 81-103). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
67. Trope, Y., & Ginossar, Z. (1988). On the use of statistical and nonstatistical knowledge: A problem-solving approach. In D. Bar-Tal & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), The social psychology of knowledge (pp. 209-230). New York: Cambridge University Press.
68. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1982). Evidential impact of base rates. In D. Kahneman, P. Slovic, & A. Tversky (Eds.), Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases (pp. 153-160). New York: Cambridge University Press.
69. Vasiljevic, D. (2002). Anticipation de l'interaction en groupe et inégalité informationnelle: Effet sur la tâche des avocats et ingénieurs [Anticipation of group interaction and informational inequities: Effect on the lawyer-engineer task]. Unpublished thesis, Université Paris 10Nan terre.
70. Wason, P. C. (1966). Reasoning. In B. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 106-137). Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books.
71. Wason, P. C. (1968). Reasoning about the rule. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 20, 273-281.
72. Wason, P. C. (1969). Regression in reasoning? British Journal of Psychology, 60, 471-480.
73. Wason, P. C., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1972). Psychology of reasoning: Structure and content. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
74. Wason, P. C., & Shapiro, D. (1971). Natural and contrived experience in a reasoning problem. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 23, 63-71.
75. Wayment, H. A., & Taylor, S. E. (1995). Self-evaluation processes: Motives, information use, and self-esteem. Journal of Personality, 63, 729-757.
76. Wittenbaum, G. M., & Stasser, G. (1996). Management of information in small groups. In J. L. Nye & A. M. Brower (Eds.), What's social about social cognition? Research on socially shared cognition in small groups (pp. 3-28). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
77. Wood, J. V. (1989). Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 231-248.
78. Yachanin, S. A. (1986). Facilitating Wason's selection task: Content and instructions. Current Psychological Research and Review, 5, 20-29.
79. Yachanin, S. A., & Tweney, R. D. (1982). The effect of thematic content on cognition strategies in the four-card selection task. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 19, 87-90.
80. Zajonc, R. B. (1960). The process of cognitive tuning in communication. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 61, 159-167.