The Candida albicans Lanosterol 14-α-Demethylase (ERG11) Gene Promoter Is Maximally Induced after Prolonged Growth with Antifungal Drugs

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Volumn 48, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 1136-1144

  Song, Jia L ^a,c   Harry, Jo Beth ^a,d   Eastman, Richard T ^a   Oliver, Brian G ^a   White, Theodore C ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b SEATTLE BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; CLOTRIMAZOLE; ERGOSTEROL; FENPROPIMORPH; FLUCONAZOLE; GENE PRODUCT; MICONAZOLE; STEROL 14ALPHA DEMETHYLASE; TERBINAFINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANAEROBIC GROWTH; ARTICLE; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CARBON SOURCE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA SEQUENCE; FUNGUS GROWTH; GENE ACTIVATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE INDUCTION; MOLECULAR CLONING; NONHUMAN; NORTHERN BLOTTING; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY; STEROL SYNTHESIS;

ALLELES; ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS; AZOLES; BLOTTING, NORTHERN; BLOTTING, SOUTHERN; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM; ELECTROPORATION; ENZYME INDUCTION; ERGOSTEROL; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, ENZYMOLOGIC; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, FUNGAL; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; LUCIFERASES; OXIDOREDUCTASES; PLASMIDS; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; STEROLS; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

EID: 1642543197     PISSN: 00664804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.48.4.1136-1144.2004     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis., M. Raff, K. Roberts, and J. D. Watson. 1994. Molecular biology of the cell, 3rd ed. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, N.Y.
2. Albertson, G. D., M. Niimi, R. D. Cannon, and H. F. Jenkinson. 1996. Multiple efflux mechanisms are involved in Candida albicans fluconazole resistance. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:2835-2841.
3. Arthington Skaggs, B. A., H. Jradi, T. Desai, and C. J. Morrison. 1999. Quantitation of ergosterol content: novel method for determination of fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:3332-3337.
4. Ausubel, F. M., R. Brent, R. E. Kingston, D. D. Moore, J. G. Seidman, J. A. Smith, and K. Struhl. 1995. Current protocols in molecular biology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, N.Y.
5. Bard, M., N. D. Lees, T. Turi, D. Craft, L. Cofrin, R. Barbuch, C. Koegel, and J. C. Loper. 1993. Sterol synthesis and viability of erg11 (cytochrome P450 lanosterol demethylase) mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Lipids 28:963-967.
6. De Backer, M. D., D. Maes, S. Vandoninck, M. Logghe, R. Contreras, and W. Luyten. 1999. Transformation of Candida albicans by electroporation. Yeast 15:1609-1618.
7. de Micheli, M., J. Bille, C. Schueller, and D. Sanglard. 2002. A common drug-responsive element mediates the upregulation of the Candida albicans ABC transporters CDR1 and CDR2, two genes involved in antifungal drug resistance. Mol. Microbiol. 43:1197-1214.
8. Fonzi, W. A., and M. Y. Irwin. 1993. Isogenic strain construction and gene mapping in Candida albicans. Genetics 134:717-728.
9. Franz, R., S. L. Kelly, D. C. Lamb, D. E. Kelly, M. Ruhnke, and J. Morschhauser. 1998. Multiple molecular mechanisms contribute to a stepwise development of fluconazole resistance in clinical Candida albicans strains. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:3065-3072.
10. Goldstein, J. L., and M. S. Brown. 1990. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature 343:425-430.
11. Greenspan, D., J. Greenspan, M. Schiodt, and J. Pindborg. 1990. AIDS and the mouth, p. 91-102. Munksgaard, Copenhagen, Denmark.
12. Henry, K. W., J. T. Nickels, and T. D. Edlind. 2000. Upregulation of ERG genes in Candida species by-azoles and other sterol biosynthesis inhibitors. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2693-2700.
13. Hoffman, C. S., and F. Winston. 1987. A ten-minute DNA preparation from yeast efficiently releases autonomous plasmids for transformation of Escherichia coli. Gene 57:267-272.
14. Johnston, M., and M. Carlson. 1992. Regulation of carbon and phosphate utilization, p. 193-281. In E. W. Jones, J. R. Pringle, and J. R. Broach (ed.), The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces, vol. 2. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
15. Krieg, P. A., and D. A. Melton. 1987. In vitro RNA synthesis with SP6 RNA polymerase. Methods Enzymol. 155:397-415.
16. Krishnamurthy, S., V. Gupta, R. Prasad, S. L. Panwar, and R. Prasad. 1998. Expression of CDR1, a multidrug resistance gene of Candida albicans: transcriptional activation by heat shock, drugs and human steroid hormones. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 160:191-197.
17. Kvaal, C. A., T. Srikantha, and D. R. Soll. 1997. Misexpression of the white-phase-specific gene WH11 in the opaque phase of Candida albicans affects switching and virulence. Infect. Immun. 65:4468-4475.
18. Lai, M. H., and D. R. Kirsch. 1989. Nucleotide sequence of cytochrome P450 L1A1 (lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase) from Candida albicans. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:804.
19. Leber, R., E. Zinser, C. Hrastnik, F. Paltauf, and G. Daum. 1995. Export of steryl esters from lipid particles and release of free sterols in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1234:119-126.
20. Lockhart, S. R., M. Nguyen, T. Srikantha, and D. R. Soll. 1998. A MADS box protein consensus binding site is necessary and sufficient for activation of the opaque-phase-specific gene OP4 of Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 180:6607-6616.
21. Losberger, C., and J. F. Ernst. 1989. Sequence of the Candida albicans gene encoding actin. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:9488.
22. Lyons, C. N., and T. C. White. 2000. Transcriptional analyses of antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2296-2303.
23. Maniatis, T., E. F. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
24. Marichal, P., L. Koymans, S. Willemsens, D. Bellens, P. Verhasselt, W. Luyten, M. Borgers, F. C. S. Ramaekers, F. C. Odds, and H. Vanden Bossche. 1999. Contribution of mutations in the cytochrome P450 14 alpha-demethylase (Erg11p, Cyp51p) to azole resistance in Candida albicans. Microbiology 10:2701-2713.
25. Marr, K. A., C. N. Lyons, T. R. Rustad, R. A. Bowden, and T. C. White. 1998. Rapid, transient fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans is associated with increased mRNA levels of CDR. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:2584-2589.
26. Odds, F. C. 1988. Candida and candidosis: a review and bibliography. Bailliere Tindall, London, United Kingdom.
27. Parks, L. W., and W. M. Casey. 1995. Physiological implications of sterol biosynthesis in yeast. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49:95-116.
28. Puri, N., S. Krishnamurthy, S. Habib, S. E. Hasnain, S. K. Goswami, and K. Prasad. 1999. CDR1, a multidrug resistance gene from Candida albicans, contains multiple regulatory domains in its promoter and the distal AP-1 element mediates its induction by miconazole. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 180:213-219.
29. Rex, J. H., M. A. Pfaller, J. N. Galgiani, M. S. Bartlett, A. Espinel-Ingroff, M. A. Ghannoum, M. Lancaster, F. C. Odds, M. G. Rinaldi, T. J. Walsh, and A. L. Barry. 1997. Development of interpretive breakpoints for antifungal susceptibility testing: conceptual framework and analysis of in vitrolin vivo correlation data for fluconazole, itraconazole, and Candida infections. Clin. Infect. Dis. 24:235-247.
30. Rex, J. H., M. G. Rinaldi, and M. A. Pfaller. 1995. Resistance of Candida species to fluconazole. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:1-8.
31. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.
32. Sanglard, D., F. Ischer, L. Koymans, and J. Bille. 1998. Amino acid substitutions in the cytochrome P-450 lanosterol 14 a-demethylase (CYP51A1) from azole-resistant Candida albicans clinical isolates contribute to resistance to azole antifungal agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:241-253.
33. Sanglard, D., K. Kuchler, F. Ischer, J. L. Pagani, M. Monod, and J. Bille. 1995. Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicans isolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 39:2378-2386.
34. Scherer, S., and Y. Ran. 1996. Candida albicans information. [Online.] http://alces.med.umn.edu/Candida.html.
35. Shianna, K. V., W. D. Dotson, S. Tove, and L. W. Parks. 2001. Identification of a UPC2 homolog in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its involvement in aerobic sterol uptake. J. Bacteriol. 183:830-834.
36. Srikantha, T., A. Klapach, W. W. Lorenz, L. K. Tsai, L. A. Laughlin, J. A. Gorman, and D. R. Soll. 1996. The sea pansy Renilla reniformis luciferase serves as a sensitive bioluminescent reporter for differential gene expression in Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 178:121-129.
37. Swerdloff, J. N., S. G. Filler, and J. E. Edwards, Jr. 1993. Severe candidal infections in neutropenic patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 2:S457-S467.
38. Thompson, J. R., E. Register, J. Curotto, M. Kurtz, and R. Kelly. 1998. An improved protocol for the preparation of yeast cells for transformation by electroporation. Yeast 14:565-571.
39. Turi, T. G., and J. C. Loper. 1992. Multiple regulatory elements control expression of the gene encoding the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome P450, lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (ERG11). J. Biol. Chem. 267:2046-2056.
40. Werner-Washburne, M., E. Braun, G. C. Johnston, and R. A. Singer. 1993. Stationary phase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol. Rev. 57:383-401.
41. White, T. C. 1997. Increased mRNA levels of ERG16, CDR, and MDR1 correlate with increases in azole resistance in Candida albicans isolates from a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1482-1487.
42. White, T. C. 1997. The presence of an R467K amino acid substitution and loss of allelic variation correlate with an azole-resistant lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase in Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41:1488-1494.
43. White, T. C., S. Holleman, F. Dy, L. F. Mirels, and D. A. Stevens. 2002. Resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46:1704-1713.
44. White, T. C., K. A. Marr, and R. A. Bowden. 1998. Clinical, cellular, and molecular factors that contribute to antifungal drug resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 11:382-402.
45. Zinser, E., F. Paltauf, and G. Daum. 1993. Sterol composition of yeast organelle membranes and subcellular distribution of enzymes involved in sterol metabolism. J. Bacteriol. 175:2853-2858.