Probiotics, soluble fiber, and L-glutamine (GLN) reduce nelfinavir (NFV)or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-related diarrhea

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 121-129

  Heiser, Carla R ^a   Ernst, Judith A ^b   Barrett, James Tom ^a   French, Neel ^a   Schutz, Malte ^a   Dube, Michael P ^b  

^a ADVOCATE ILLINOIS MASONIC MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

diarrhea; HIV; lopinavir ritonavir; nelfinavir; protease inhibitors

Indexed keywords

GLUTAMINE; LOPINAVIR; NELFINAVIR; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; PYRIMIDINONE DERIVATIVE; RITONAVIR;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHEMICALLY INDUCED DISORDER; CLASSIFICATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DIETARY FIBER; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; MALE; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DIARRHEA; DIETARY FIBER; GLUTAMINE; HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS; HUMANS; MALE; NELFINAVIR; PROBIOTICS; PYRIMIDINONES; QUALITY OF LIFE; RITONAVIR; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 15744373328     PISSN: 15451097     EISSN: 15570886     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/154510970400300403     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Bardsley-Elliot A and Plosker G. Nelfinavir: An update on its use in HIV infection. Drugs 2000 ; 59 (3). 581-620. (Pubitemid 30213865)
2. Cvetkovic R and Goa K. Lopinavir/rotinavir: A review of its use in the management of HIV infection. Drugs 2003 ; 63 (8). 769-802. (Pubitemid 36432083)
3. Walmsley S, Bernstein B, King M, et al. Lopinavir-ritonavir versus nelfinavir for the initial treatment of HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2002 ; 46 (26). 2039-2046. (Pubitemid 34680595)
4. Saag M, Tebas P, Sension M, et al. Randomized, double-blind comparison of two nelfinavir doses plus nucleosides in HIV-infected patients (Agouron study 511). AIDS 2001 ; 15 (15). 1971-1978. (Pubitemid 32980639)
5. Wanke C, Pleskow D, Degirolami P, et al. A medium chain trigylceride-based diet in patients with HIV and chronic diarrhea and malabsorption: A prospective, controlled trial. Nutrition 1996 ; 12 (11-12). 766-771. (Pubitemid 26427565)
6. Basinger S. Diarrhea... again? Treatment options for medication-induced diarrhea. Posit Aware 2002 ;(July/August). 30-31.
7. Bushen OY, Davenport JA, Lima AB, et al. Diarrhea and reduced levels of antiretroviral drugs: Improvement with glutamine or alanyl-glutamine in a randomized controlled trial in northeast Brazil. Clin Infect Dis 2004 ; 38: 1764-1770. (Pubitemid 38781671)
8. Huffman FG and Walgren ME. L-Glutamine supplementation improves nelfinavir-associated diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals. HIV Clinical Trials 2003 ; 4 (5). 324-329. (Pubitemid 37304435)
9. Gartland M and AVANTI Study Group. AVANTI 3: A randomized, double-blind trial to compare the efficacy and safety of lamivudine plus zidovudine versus lamivudine plus nelfinavir in HIV-1-infected antiretroviral-naive patients. Antivir Ther 2001 ; 6 (2). 127-134.
10. Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: Nutrition Intervention in the Care of Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection. J Am Diet Assoc 2004 ; 104 (9). 1425-1441.
11. Sharpstone D, Neild P, Drand R, et al. Small intestinal transit, absorption and permeability in patients with AIDS with and without diarrhea. Gut 1999 ; 45 (1). 70-76. (Pubitemid 29301848)
12. Brown KH. Diarrhea and malnutrition. J Nutr 2003 ; 133: 328S - 332S. (Pubitemid 36070629)
13. American Dietetic Association Position Statement: Health Implications of Dietary Fiber. J Am Diet Assoc 2002 ; 102 (7). 993-1000.
14. Meier R, Burri E, and Steuerwald M. The role of nutrition in diarrhoea syndromes. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003 ; 6: 563-567. (Pubitemid 40684577)
15. Ziegler TR. Glutamine supplementation in cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplantation and high dose chemotherapy. J Nutr 2001 ; 131: 2578S - 2584S. (Pubitemid 32847012)
16. Cremonini F, Caro S, Nista EC, et al. Meta-analysis: The effect of probiotic administration on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002 ; 16: 1461-1467. (Pubitemid 34953587)
17. Nakao M, Ogura Y, Satake S, et al. Usefulness of soluble dietary fiber for the treatment of diarrhea during enteral nutrition in elderly patients. Nutrition 2002 ; 18: 35-39. (Pubitemid 34097710)
18. Yoshida S, Matsui M, Shirouzu Y, et al. Effects of glutamine supplements and radiochemotherapy on systemic immune and gut barrier function in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Ann Surg 1998 ; 227: 458-491.
19. Marteau P, Seksik P, and Jian R. Probiotics and intestinal health effects: A clinical perspective. Br J Nutr 2002 ; 88 (Suppl 1). S51 - S57.
20. Madden JA and Hunter JO. A review of the role of the gut microflora in irritable bowel syndrome and the effects of probiotics. Br J Nutr 2002 ; 88 (Suppl 1). S67 - S72.
21. Garcia-de-Lorenzo A, Zarazaga A, Garcia-Luna PP, et al. Clinical evidence for enteral nutritional support with glutamine: A systematic review. Nutrition 2003 ; 19: 805-811. (Pubitemid 36961396)
22. Quan ZF, Yang C, Li N, et al. Effect of glutamine on change in early postoperative intestinal permeability and its relation to systemic inflammatory response. World J Gasterenterol 2004 ; 10 (13). 1992-1994. (Pubitemid 39029310)
23. Savarese D, Al-Zoubi A, and Boucher J. Glutamine for irinotecan diarrhea. J Clin Oncol 2000 ; 18 (2). 450-452.
24. Roediger WEW, Millard SH, and Bird AR. Focused gut-mucosal nutrition for diarrhoeal disease: Improved nutrient therapy. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr 2001 ; 10 (1). 67-68. (Pubitemid 33739331)
25. de Roos NM and Katan MB. Effects of probiotic bacteria on diarrhea, lipid metabolism, and carcinogenesis: A review of papers published between 1988 and 1998. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 ; 71: 405-411. (Pubitemid 30061217)
26. Marteau PR, deVrese M, Cellier CJ, et al. Protection from gastrointestinal diseases with the use of probiotics. Am J Clin Nutr 2001 ; 73 (Suppl). 430S - 436S. (Pubitemid 32113267)
27. Gorbach SL. Probiotics and gastrointestinal health. Am J Gastroenterol 2000 ; 95 (1). S2 - S4.
28. Melis GC, ter Wengel N, Boelens PG, et al. Glutamine: Recent developments in research on the clinical significance of glutamine. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2004 ; 7: 59-70. (Pubitemid 40348185)
29. Fooks LJ and G. GR. Probiotics as modulators of the gut flora. B J Nutr 2002 ; 88 (Suppl 1). S39 - S49.
30. Tepper RE, Simon D, Brandt LJ, et al. Intestinal permeability in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Gastroenterol 1994 ; 89: 878-882. (Pubitemid 24165913)
31. Lima AA, Silva TM, Gifoni AM, et al. Mucosal injury and disruption of intestinal barrier function in HIV-infected individuals with and without diarrhea and cryptosporidiosis in northeast Brazil. Am J Gastroenterol 1997 ; 92: 1861-1866.
32. Kaminski M, Weil S, Bland J, et al. AIDS wasting syndrome as an entero-metabolic disorder: The gut hypothesis. Altern Med Rev 1998 ; 3 (1). 40-53. (Pubitemid 128709602)
33. D'Souza R and Powell-Tuck J. Glutamine supplements in the critically ill. J R Soc Med 2004 ; 3: 425-427. (Pubitemid 39279079)
34. Shabert J and Wilmore D. Glutamine deficiency as a cause of human immunodeficiency virus wasting. Med Hypotheses 1996 ; 46 (3). 252-256.
35. Koch J, Garcia-Shelton YL, Neal EA, et al. Steatorrhea: A common manifestation in patients with HIV/AIDS. Nutrition 1996 ; 12: 507-510. (Pubitemid 26299990)
36. Kotler DP. Human immunodeficiency virus-related wasting: Malabsorption syndromes. Semin Oncol 1998 ; 25 (Suppl 6). S70 - S75.
37. Rountree R. Proven therapeutic benefits of high quality probiotics. Applied Nutritional Science Reports 2002: 1-5.
38. Roehrig K. The physiological effects of dietary fiber: A review. Food Hydrocolloids 1988 ; 2 (1). 1-18.
39. Hoerr RA and Bostwick EF. Bioactive proteins and probiotic bacteria: Modulators of nutritional health. Nutrition 2000 ; 16 (7/8). 711-713. (Pubitemid 30445161)
40. Van der Hulst R, van Kreel B, von Meyenfeidt M, et al. Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity. Lancet 1993 ; 29 (341). 1363-1365. (Pubitemid 23159983)
41. Lima AA, Soares AM, Freire Junion JE, et al. Cotransport of sodium with glutamine, alanine and glucose in the isolated rabbit ileal mucosa. Braz J Med Biol Res 1992 ; 25: 637-640.
42. Lima AA, Carvalho GH, Figueriredo AA, et al. Effects of an alanylglutamine-based oral rehydration and nutrition therapy solution on electrolyte and water absorption in a rat model of secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxin. Nutrition 2002 ; 18: 458-462. (Pubitemid 34586800)
43. American Dietetic Association Position Statement: Nutrition Strategies for People Living with HIV/AIDS. Available at http://www.eatright.com/nfs/nfs42. html
44. American Heart Association Scientific Statement: Fish Consumption/Fish Oil/Omega-3 Fatty Acids and CVD. Available at http://www.americanheart.org/ presenter.jhtml?identifier=3006624
45. American Heart Association Eating Plan for Healthy Americans. Available at http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1330
46. American Diabetes Association Position Statement: Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications. Diabetes Care 2003 ; 26 (Suppl 1). S51 - S61.
47. Krauss R, Ecke R, Howard B, et al. AHA Dietary Guidelines Revision 2000: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association. Circulation 2000 ; 102: 2296-2311.
48. Geletko S and ZuWallack A. Treatment of hyperlipidemia in HIV-infected patients. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2001 ; 58 (7). 607-614. (Pubitemid 32260246)
49. Ziegler T, Benfell K, Smith R, et al. Safety and metabolic effects of L-glutamine administration in humans. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1990 ; 14 (Suppl 4). 137S - 146S.
50. Wolf B, Wheeler K, Alaya D, et al. Safety and tolerance of lactobacillus reuteri supplementation to a population infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Food Chem Toxicol 1998 ; 36: 1085-1094. (Pubitemid 29002891)
51. Weale R and Edwards A. Letter 1: Randomized clinical trial of specific lactobacillus and fibre supplement to early nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2003 ; 90 (1). 122-123. (Pubitemid 37040986)
52. Schauss A. Lactobacillus acidophilus: Method of action, clinical application, and toxicity data. Journal of Advanced Medicine 1990 ; 3 (3). 163-178.
53. Cella D, McCain, N, Peterman A, et al. Development and validation of the functional assessment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (FAHI) quality of life instrument. Qual Life Res 1996 ; 5 (4). 450-463.
54. Peterman A, Cella, D, Mo F, et al. Psychometric validation of the revised functional assessment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (FAHI) quality of life instrument. Qual Life Res 1997 ; 6 (6). 572-584. (Pubitemid 27431711)
55. Souba W, Kilmberg V, Plumley D, et al. The role of glutamine in maintaining a healthy gut and supporting the metabolic response to injury and infection. J Surg Res 1990 ; 48 (4). 383-391. (Pubitemid 20182474)