Early versus delayed repair of infantile strabismus in macaque monkeys: II. Effects on motion visually evoked responses

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 821-827

  Tychsen, Lawrence ^a,d   Wong, Agnes M F ^a,b   Foeller, Paul ^a   Bradley, Dolores ^c  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^c EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d ST LOUIS CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; ASYMMETRY INDEX; BINOCULAR CONVERGENCE; BRAIN DEVELOPMENT; CONTROLLED STUDY; EARLY TREATMENT; EVOKED VISUAL RESPONSE; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE TRACKING; FEMALE; INFANTILE STRABISMUS; LATE TREATMENT; MACACA; MALE; MEASUREMENT; MOTION VISUALLY EVOKED RESPONSE; NONHUMAN; OPTOKINETIC NYSTAGMUS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STRABISMUS; STRABISMUS SURGERY; VISUAL MOTION; ANIMAL; BINOCULAR VISION; BRAIN CORTEX; CONVALESCENCE; MOVEMENT PERCEPTION; NEWBORN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERCEPTION DISORDER; PHYSIOLOGY; SMOOTH PURSUIT EYE MOVEMENT; SPECTACLES;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, NEWBORN; CEREBRAL CORTEX; EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL; EYEGLASSES; FEMALE; MACACA MULATTA; MACACA NEMESTRINA; MALE; MOTION PERCEPTION; NYSTAGMUS, OPTOKINETIC; PERCEPTUAL DISORDERS; PURSUIT, SMOOTH; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; STRABISMUS; VISION, BINOCULAR;

EID: 1542742224     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-0564     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Costenbader FD. Infantile esotropia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1961;59:397-429.
2. Tychsen L. Infantile esotropia: current neurophysiologic concepts. In: Rosenbaum AL, Santiago AP, eds. Clinical Strabismus Management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999:117-138.
3. Tychsen L. Binocular vision. In: Hart WM, ed. Adler's Physiology of the Eye: Clinical Applications. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1992:773-853.
4. von Noorden GK. Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility: Theory and Management of Strabismus. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1996.
5. Tychsen L, Hurtig RR, Scott WE. Pursuit is impaired but the vestibulo-ocular reflex is normal in infantile strabismus. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103:536-539.
6. Tychsen L, Lisberger SG. Maldevelopment of visual motion processing in humans who had strabismus with onset in infancy. J Neurosci. 1986;6:2495-2508.
7. Schor CM, Levi DM. Disturbances of small-field horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus in amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980;19:668-683.
8. Kommerell G. Ocular motor phenomena in infantile strabismus. In: Kennard C, Clifford RF, eds. Physiological Aspects of Clinical Neuro-ophthalmology. London: Chapman and Hall; 1988:357-376.
9. Demer JL, von Noorden GK. Optokinetic asymmetry in esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1988;25:286-292.
10. Tychsen L, Leibole M, Drake D. Comparison of latent nystagmus and nasotemporal asymmetries of optokinetic nystagmus in adult humans and macaque monkeys who have infantile strabismus. Strabismus. 1996;4:171-177.
11. Tychsen L, Rastelli A, Steinman S, Steinman B. Biases of motion perception revealed by reversing gratings in humans who had infantile-onset strabismus. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1996;38:408-422.
12. Shallo-Hoffmann J, Faldon M, Hague S, Riordan-Eva P, Fells P, Gresty M. Motion detection deficits in infantile esotropia without nystagmus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1997;38:219-226.
13. Anteby I, Zhai HF, Tychsen L. Asymmetric motion visually-evoked potentials in infantile strabismus are not an artifact of latent nystagmus. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1998;2:153-158.
14. Day SH, Norcia AM. Infantile esotropia and the developing visual system. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 1990;3:281-287.
15. Norcia AM, Garcia H, Humphry R, Holmes A, Hamer RD, Orel-Bixler D. Anomalous motion VEPs in infants and in infantile esotropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991;32:436-439.
16. Birch EE, Fawcett S, Stager D. Co-development of VEP motion response and binocular vision in normal infants and infantile esotropes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:1719-1723.
17. Tychsen L, Burkhalter A, Boothe RG. Neural mechanisms in infantile esotropia: what goes wrong? Am Orthoptic J. 1996;46:18-28.
18. Hamer RD, Norcia AM, Orel-Bixler D, Hoyt CS. Motion VEPs in late-onset esotropia. Clin Vis Sci. 1993;8:55-62.
19. Fawcett SL, Birch EE. Motion VEPs, stereopsis, and bifoveal fusion in children with strabismus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41: 411-416.
20. Jampolsky A. When should one operate for congenital strabismus? In: Brockhurst RJ, Boruchoff SA, Hutchinson BT, Lessell S, eds. Controversy in Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1977: 416-422.
21. Parks MM. Operate early for congenital strabismus. In: Brockhurst RJ, Boruchoff SA, Hutchinson BT, Lessell S, eds. Controversy in Ophthalmology. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1977:423-430.
22. Ing MR. Early surgical alignment for congenital esotropia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1981;79:625-663.
23. Wright KW, Edelman PM, McVey JH, Terry AP, Lin M. High-grade stereo acuity after early surgery for congenital esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:913-919.
24. Birch EE, Stager DR, Everett ME. Random dot stereoacuity following surgical correction of infantile esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1995;32:231-235.
25. Ing MR. Surgical alignment prior to six months of age for congenital esotropia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1995;93:135-146.
26. Atkinson J. Development of optokinetic nystagmus in the human infant and monkey infant: an analogue to development in kittens. In: Freeman RD, ed. Developmental Neurobiology of Vision. New York: Plenum; 1979:277-287.
27. Atkinson J, Braddick O. Development of optokinetic nystagmus in the human infant and monkey infant. In: Fisher DF, Monty RA, Senders JW, eds. Eye Movements: Cognition and Visual Perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1981:53-64.
28. Boothe RG, Dobson V, Teller DY. Postnatal development of vision in human and nonhuman primates. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1985;8: 495-546.
29. Wright KW, Edelman P, Terry A, McVey J, Lin M. High grade stereo acuity after early surgery for congenital esotropia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:913-919.
30. O'Dell C, Boothe RG. The development of stereoacuity in infant rhesus monkeys. Vision Res. 1997;37:2675-2684.
31. Tychsen L, Boothe RG. Latent fixation nystagmus and nasotemporal asymmetries of motion visually-evoked potentials in naturally-strabismic primate. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1996;33: 148-152.
32. Tychsen L, Yildirim C, Anteby I, Boothe R, Burkhalter A. Macaque monkey as an ocular motor and neuroanatomic model of human infantile strabismus. In: Lennerstrand G, Ygge J, eds. Advances in Strabismus Research: Basic and Clinical Aspects. Vol. 78. London: Wenner-Gren International Series, Portland Press Ltd., 2000:103-119.
33. Tychsen L, Scott C. Maldevelopment of convergence eye movements in macaque monkeys with small- and large-angle infantile esotropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:3358-3368.
34. Wong AMF, Foeller P, Bradley D, Burkhalter A, Tychsen L. Early versus Delayed repair of infantile strabismus in macaque monkeys: I. Ocular motor effects. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2003;7:200-209.
35. Crawford MLJ, von Noorden GK. Optically induced concomitant strabismus in monkeys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1980;19:1105-1109.
36. Crawford M. Optical control of early visual experience in monkeys. Behav Brain Res. 1996;79:201-205.
37. Foeller P, Tychsen L. Eye movement training and recording in alert macaque monkeys: 1. Operant visual conditioning. 2. Magnetic search coil and head restraint surgical implantation. 3. Calibration and recording. Strabismus. 2002;10:5-22.
38. Norcia AM, Tyler CW. Spatial frequency sweep VEP: visual acuity during the first year of life. Vision Res. 1985;25:1399-1408.
39. Norcia AM. Vision testing by visual evoked potential techniques. In: Isenberg SJ, ed. The Eye in Infancy. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., 1994:157-173.
40. Norcia AM. Improving infant evoked response measurement. In: Simons K, ed. Early Visual Development, Normal and Abnormal. New York: Oxford University Press; 1993:536-552.
41. Victor J, Mast J. A new statistic for steady-state evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1991;78:378-388.
42. Norcia AM. Abnormal motion processing and binocularity: infantile esotropia as a model system for effects of early interruptions of binocularity. Eye. 1996;10:259-265.
43. Brown RJ, Wilson JR, Norcia AM, Boothe RG. Development of directional motion symmetry in the monocular visually evoked potential of infant monkeys. Vision Res. 1998;38:1253-1263.
44. von Noorden GK. A reassessment of infantile esotropia. XLIV Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988;105: 1-10.
45. Birch EE, Fawcett S, Stager DR. Why does early surgical alignment improve stereopsis outcomes in infantile esotropia? J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2000;4:10-14.
46. Birch EE, Stager DR, Berry P, Everett ME. Prospective assessment of acuity and stereopsis in amblyopic infantile esotropes following early surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990;31:758-765.
47. Birch EE, Gwiazda J, Held R. Stereoacuity development for crossed and uncrossed disparities in human infants. Vision Res. 1982;22: 507-513.
48. Birch EE, Shimojo S, Held R. Preferential-looking assessment of fusion and stereopsis in infants aged 1 to 6 months. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985;26:366-370.
49. Jampolsky A, Norcia AM, Hamer RD. Preoperative alternate occlusion decreases motion processing abnormalities in infantile esotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1994;31:6-17.
50. Parks MM. The monofixation syndrome. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1969;67:609-657.
51. Norcia AM, Hamer RD, Jampolsky A, Orel-Bixler D. Plasticity of human motion processing mechanisms following surgery for infantile esotropia. Vision Res. 1995;35:3279-3296.
52. Poggio GF, Talbot WH. Mechanisms of static and dynamic stereopsis in foveal cortex of the rhesus monkey. J Physiol. 1981;315: 469-492.
53. Cumming BG, DeAngelis GC. The physiology of stereopsis. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2001;24:203-238.
54. Burkhalter A, Essen D. Processing of color, form and disparity information in visual areas VP and V2 of ventral extrastriate cortex in the macaque monkey. J Neurosci. 1986;6:2327-2351.
55. Poggio GF, Gonzalez F, Krause F. Stereoscopic mechanisms in monkey visual cortex: binocular correlation and disparity selectivity. J Neurosci. 1988;8:4531-4550.
56. Fellemen DF, Van Essen DC. Receptive field properties of neurons in area V3 of macaque extrastriate cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1987; 57:889-920.
57. Maunsell JHR, Van Essen DC. Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. I. Selectivity for stimulus direction, speed, and orientation. J Neurophysiol. 1983;49:1127-1147.
58. Maunsell JHR, Van Essen DC. Functional properties of neurons in middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. II. Binocular interactions and sensitivity to binocular disparity. J Neurophysiol. 1983;49:1148-1167.
59. DeAngelis GC, Newsome WT. Organization of disparity-selective neurons in macaque area MT. J Neurosci. 1999;19:1398-1415.
60. Roy JP, Komatsu H, Wurtz RH. Disparity sensitive neurons in monkey extrastriate area MST. J Neurosci. 1992;17:2478-2492.
61. Crawford M, von Noorden G. Concomitant strabismus and cortical eye dominance in young rhesus monkeys. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1980;99:369-374.
62. Wiesel TN. Postnatal development of the visual cortex and the influence of environment. Nature. 1982;299:583-591.
63. Crawford M. Binocular neurons and binocular function in monkeys and children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983;24:491-495.
64. Crawford ML, Harwerth RS, Smith EL, von Noorden GK. Loss of stereopsis in monkeys following prismatic binocular dissociation during infancy. Behav Brain Res. 1996;79:207-218.
65. Kumagami T, Zhang B, Smith EL III, Chino YM. Effect of onset age of strabismus on the binocular responses of neurons in the monkey visual cortex. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:948-954.
66. Mori T, Matsuura K, Zhang B, Smith III EL, Chino YM. Effects of the duration of early strabismus on the binocular responses of neurons in the monkey visual cortex (V1). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43:1262-1269.
67. Tychsen L, Burkhalter A. Neuroanatomic abnormalities of primary visual cortex in macaque monkeys with infantile esotropia: preliminary results. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1995;32:323-328.
68. Tychsen L, Burkhalter A, Boothe R. Functional and structural abnormalities of visual cortex in infantile strabismus. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1996;208:18-22.
69. Tychsen L, Wong AMF, Burkhalter A. Paucity of horizontal connections for binocular vision in V1 of naturally-strabismus macaques: cytochrome-oxidase compartment specificity. J Comp Neurol. In press.
70. Tychsen L, Burkhalter A. Nasotemporal asymmetries in V1: ocular dominance columns of infant, adult, and strabismic macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 1997;388:32-46.
71. Fenstemaker SB, Kiorpes L, Movshon JA. Effects of experimental strabismus on the architecture of macaque monkey striate cortex. J Comp Neurol. 2001;438:300-317.
72. Kiorpes L, Walton PJ, O'Keefe LP, Movshon JA, Lisberger SG. Effects of artificial early-onset strabismus on pursuit eye movements and on neuronal responses in area MT of macaque monkeys. J Neurosci. 1996;16:6537-6553.