Aggregations of Lymphoid Cells in the Airways of Nonsmokers, Smokers, and Subjects with Asthma

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine

Volumn 169, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 712-718

  Elliot, John G ^b   Jensen, Cathryn M ^b   Mutavdzic, Slavko ^b   Lamb, Jasmine P ^b   Carroll, Neil G ^b   James, Alan L ^a  

^a SIR CHARLES GAIRDNER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Airway inflammation; Asthma; Remodeling

Indexed keywords

HLA DR ANTIGEN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RELB;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; B LYMPHOCYTE; CADAVER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL AGGREGATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EOSINOPHIL; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LYMPHOID CELL; MALE; MONONUCLEAR CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT INFLAMMATION; SMOKING; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 1542721566     PISSN: 00030805     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200308-1167oc     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Schon-Hegrad MA, Oliver J, McMenamin PG, Holt PG. Studies on the density, distribution, and surface phenotype of intraepithelial class II major histocorapatibility complex antigen (Ia)-bearing dendritic cells (DC) in the conducting airways. J Exp Med 1991;173:1345-1356.
2. Geppert TD, Lipsky PE. Dissection of the antigen presenting function of tissue cells induced to express HLA-DR by gamma interferon. J Rheumatol 1987;14:59-62.
3. Power C, Sreenan S, Hurson B, Burke C, Poulter LW. Distribution of immunocompetent cells in the bronchial wall of clinically healthy subjects showing bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Thorax 1993;48: 1125-1129.
4. McHeyzer-Williams MG, Davis MM. Antigen-specific development of primary and memory T cells in vivo. Science 1995;268:106-111.
5. Vermaelen KY, Carro-Muino I, Lambrecht BN, Pauwels RA. Specific migratory dendritic cells rapidly transport antigen from the airways to the thoracic lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2001;193:51-60.
6. Sinigaglia F, D'Ambrosio D. Regulation of helper T cell differentiation and recruitment in airway inflammation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:S157-S160.
7. Bjorkerud S. Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on human arterial smooth muscle cells in vitro. Arterioscler Thromb 1991;11: 892-902.
8. Hoshino M, Takahashi M, Aoike N. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and angiogenin immunoreactivity in asthmatic airways and its relationship to angiogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;107:295-301.
9. Carroll N, Elliot J, Morton A, James A. The structure of large and small airways in nonfatal and fatal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147: 405-410.
10. Sminia T, van der Brugge-Gamelkoorn GJ, Jeurissen SH. Structure and function of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). Crit Rev Immunol 1989;9:119-150.
11. Bienenstock J, McDermott MR, Clancy RL. Respiratory tract defenses: role of mucosal lymphoid tissues. In: Ogra PL, Mestecky J, Lamm ME, Strober W, Bienenstock J, McGhee JR, editors. Mucosal immunology, 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 1999. p. 283-292.
12. Tschernig T, Pabst R. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is not present in the normal adult lung but in different diseases. Pathobiology 2000;68:1-8.
13. Pabst R, Gehrke I. Is the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) an integral structure of the lung in normal mammals, including humans? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1990;3:131-135.
14. Gould SJ, Isaacson PG. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human fetal and infant lung. J Pathol 1993;169:229-234.
15. Hiller AS, Tschernig T, Kleemann WJ, Pabst R. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) are found at different frequencies in children, adolescents and adults. Scand J Immunol 1998;47:159-162.
16. Emery JL, Dinsdale F. The postnatal development of lymphoreticular aggregates and lymph nodes in infants' lungs. J Clin Pathol 1973;26: 539-545.
17. Richmond I, Pritchard GE, Ashcroft T, Avery A, Corris PA, Walters EH. Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human lung: its distribution in smokers and non-smokers. Thorax 1993;48:1130-1134.
18. Meuwissen HJ, Hussain M. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in human lung: correlation of hyperplasia with chronic pulmonary disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1982;23:548-561.
19. Sue-Chu M, Karjalainen EM, Altraja A, Laitinen A, Laitinen LA, Naess AB, Larsson L, Bjermer L. Lymphoid aggregates in endobronchial biopsies from young elite cross-country skiers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:597-601.
20. Carroll N, Cooke C, James A. The distribution of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the large and small airways of asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1997;10:292-300.
21. Laitinen A, Laitinen LA. Cellular infiltrates in asthma and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143:1159-1161.
22. Stewart AG. Airway wall remodelling and hyperresponsiveness: modelling remodelling in vitro and in vivo. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2001;14: 255-265.
23. Saetta M. Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:S17-S20.
24. Tiddens HA, Pare PD, Hogg JC, Hop WC, Lambert R, de Jongste JC. Cartilaginous airway dimensions and airflow obstruction in human lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:260-266.
25. Amin K, Ekberg-Jansson A, Lofdahl CG, Venge P. Relationship between inflammatory cells and structural changes in the lungs of asymptomatic and never smokers: a biopsy study. Thorax 2003;58:135-142.
26. Haahtela T, Jarvinen M, Kava T, Kiviranta K, Koskinen S, Lehtonen K, Nikander K, Persson T, Reinikainen K, Selroos O, et al. Comparison of a beta 2-agonist, terbutaline, with an inhaled corticosteroid, budesonide, in newly detected asthma. N Engl J Med 1991;325:388-392.
27. Foresi A, Bertorelli G, Pesci A, Chetta A, Olivieri D. Inflammatory markers in bronchoalveolar lavage and in bronchial biopsy in asthma during remission. Chest 1990;98:528-535.
28. van den Toorn LM, Overbeek SE, de Jongste JC, Leman K, Hoogsteden HC, Prins JB. Airway inflammation is present during clinical remission of atopic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;164:2107-2113.
29. Wright JL, Hobson JE, Wiggs B, Pare PD, Hogg JC. Airway inflammation and peribronchiolar attachments in the lungs of nonsmokers, current and ex-smokers. Lung 1988;166:277-286.
30. Turato G, Di Stefano A, Maestrelli P, Mapp CE, Ruggieri MP, Roggeri A, Fabbri LM, Saetta M. Effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation in chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152:1262-1267.
31. James A, Elliot J, Carroll N. Airway lymphoid aggregates in non-smokers, smokers and mild and severe asthmatics [abstract]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;165:A311.
32. Bai A, Eidelman DH, Hogg JC, James AL, Lambert RK, Ludwig MS, Martin J, McDonald DM, Mitzner WA, Okazawa M, et al. Proposed nomenclature for quantifying subdivisions of the bronchial wall. J Appl Physiol 1994;77:1011-1014.
33. Carroll NG, Mutavdzic S, James AL. Increased mast cells and neutrophils in submucosal mucous glands and mucus plugging in patients with asthma. Thorax 2002;57:677-682.
34. Vignola AM, Chanez P, Chiappara G, Siena L, Merendino A, Reina C, Gagliardo R, Profita M, Bousquet J, Bonsignore G. Evaluation of apoptosis of eosinophils, macrophages, and T lymphocytes in mucosal biopsy specimens of patients with asthma and chronic bronchitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:563-573.
35. Delventhal S, Hensel A, Petzoldt K, Pabst R. Effects of microbial stimulation on the number, size and activity of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) structures in the pig. Int J Exp Pathol 1992;73:351-357.
36. Delventhal S, Brandis A, Ostertag H, Pabst R. Low incidence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in chronically inflamed human lungs. Virckows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1992;62: 271-274.
37. Bosken CH, Hards J, Gatter K, Hogg JC. Characterization of the inflammatory reaction in the peripheral airways of cigarette smokers using immunocytochemistry. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:911-917.
38. Hubeau C, Lorenzato M, Couetil JP, Hubert D, Dusser D, Puchelle E, Gaillard D. Quantitative analysis of inflammatory cells infiltrating the cystic fibrosis airway mucosa. Clin Exp Immunol 2001;124:69-76.
39. Temelkovski J, Hogan SP, Shepherd DP, Foster PS, Kumar RK. An improved murine model of asthma: selective airway inflammation, epithelial lesions and increased methacholine responsiveness following chronic exposure to aerosolised allergen. Thorax 1998;53:849-856.
40. Cyster JG. Chemokines and cell migration in secondary lymphoid organs. Science 1999;286:2098-2102.
41. Constant SL, Brogdon JL, Piggott DA, Herrick CA, Visintin I, Ruddle NH, Bottomly K. Resident lung antigen-presenting cells have the capacity to promote Th2 T cell differentiation in situ. J Clin Invest 2002;110:1441-1448.
42. Vaile JH, Meddings JB, Yacyshyn BR, Russell AS, Maksymowych WP. Bowel permeability and CD45RO expression on circulating CD20+ B cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and their relatives. J Rheumatol 1999;26:128-135.
43. Schwartz BD. HLA molecules: sentinels of the immune response. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1991;5:211-212.
44. O'Sullivan BJ, Thomas R. CD40 ligation conditions dendritic cell antigen-presenting function through sustained activation of NF-kappaB. J Immunol 2002;168:5491-5498.
45. Henning G, Ohl L, Junt T, Reiterer P, Brinkmann V, Nakano H, Hohenberger W, Lipp M, Forster R. CC chemokine receptor 7-dependent and -independent pathways for lymphocyte homing: modulation by FTY720. J Exp Med 2001;194:1875-1881.
46. Cyster JG. Leukocyte migration: scent of the T zone. Curr Biol 2000; 10:R30-R33.
47. Xu B, Wagner N, Pham LN, Magno V, Shan Z, Butcher EC, Michie SA. Lymphocyte homing to bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) is mediated by L-selectin/PNAd, alpha4beta1 integrin/VCAM-1, and LFA-1 adhesion pathways. J Exp Med 2003;197:1255-1267.
48. Brandtzaeg P, Farstad IN, Haraldsen G. Regional specialization in the mucosal immune system: primed cells do not always home along the same track. Immunol Today 1999;20:267-277.
49. Fu YX, Chaplin DD. Development and maturation of secondary lymphoid tissues. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:399-433.