Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) are found at different frequencies in children, adolescents and adults

Scandinavian Journal of Immunology

Volumn 47, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 159-162

  Hiller, A S ^a   Tschernig, T ^a   Kleemann, W J ^a   Pabst, R ^a  

^a HANNOVER MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIGEN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRONCHUS; CHILD; EPIGLOTTIS; FEMALE; FETUS; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LARYNX; LYMPHOID TISSUE; MALE; MICROSCOPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; VACCINATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AGING; BRONCHI; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EPIGLOTTIS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; LUNG; LYMPHOID TISSUE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 0031889355     PISSN: 03009475     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00276.x     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Neutra MR, Frey A, Kraehenbuhl JP. Epithelial M cells: gateways for mucosal infection and immunisation. Cell 1996;86:345-8.
2. Kraehenbuhl JP, Neutra MR. Molecular and cellular basis of immune protection of mucosal surfaces. Physiol Rev 1992;72:853-79.
3. Gebert A, Rothkötter HJ, Pabst R. M cells in Peyer's patches of the intestine. Int Rev Cytol 1996;167:91-159.
4. Bienenstock J, Clancy R. Bronchial mucosal lymphoid tissue. In: Ogra PL, Mestecky J, Lamm ME, Strober W, McGhee JR, Bienenstock J, eds. Handbook of Mucosal Immunology. San Diego: Academic Press, 1994: 529-38.
5. Pabst R, Gehrke I. Is the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) an integral structure of the lung in normal mammals including man? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1990;3:131-5.
6. Brandtzaeg P. Basic mechanisms of mucosal immunity - a major defence system. Immunologist 1995;3:89-96.
7. McGhee J, Mestecky J, Dertzbaugh MT, Eldridge JH, Hirasawa M, Kiyono H. The mucosal immune system: from fundamental concepts to vaccine development. Vaccine 1992;10:75-88.
8. Prop J, Nieuwenhuis P, Wildevuur CRH. Lung allograft rejection in the rat. I. Accelerated rejection caused by graft lymphocytes. Transplantation 1985;40:25-30.
9. Pabst R. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the lung. Localisation, numbers and dynamics of lymphoid cells in the five different compartments. In: Busse WW, Holgale ST, eds. Asthma and Rhinitis, 2nd edn. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1998, in press.
10. Sato A, Chida K, Iwata M, Hayakawa H. Study of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in patients with diffuse panbronchiolitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992:, 146:473-8.
11. Meuwissen HJ, Hussain M. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in human lung: correlation of hyperplasia with chronic pulmonary disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1982;23:548-61.
12. Richmond I, Pritchard GE, Ashcroft T, Avery A, Corns PA, Walters EH. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human lung: its distribution in smokers and non-smokers. Thorax 1993;48:1130-4.
13. Tschernig T, Kleemann WJ, Pabst R. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the lungs of children who had died from sudden infant death syndrome and other causes. Thorax 1995;50: 658-60.
14. Hiller AS, Kracke A, Tschernig T et al. Comparison of the immunohistology of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the larynx and lungs in cases of sudden infant death and controls. Int J Legal Med 1997;110:316-22.
15. Kracke A, Hiller AS, Tschernig T et al. Larynx-associated lymphoid tissue (LALT) in young children. Anat Rec 1997;248:413-20.
16. Brandtzaeg P, Haneberg B. Role of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue in the human mucosal immune system. Mucosal Immunol Update 1997;5:4-8.
17. Delventhal S, Hensel A, Petzoldt K, Pabst R. Effects of microbial stimulation on the number, size and activity of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) structures in the pig. Int J Exp Pathol 1992;73:351-7.
18. Sato A, Hayakawa H, Uchiyama H, Chida K. Cellular distribution of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 54: 1903-7.
19. Pabst R. Is BALT a major component of the human lung immune system? Immunol Today 1992;3:119-22.
20. Morin MJ, Warner A, Fields BN. A pathway for entry of reovirus into the host through M cells of the respiratory tract. J Exp Med 1994;80:1523-7.
21. McWilliam AS, Nelson D, Thomas JA, Holt PG. Rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces. J Exp Med 1994;79:1331-6.
22. McWilliam AS, Marsh AM, Holt PG. Inflammatory infiltration of the upper airway epithelium during Sendai virus infection: involvement of epithelial dendritic cells. J Virol 1997;71:226-36.
23. Holt PG. Development of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in human lung disease: a normal host defence mechanism awaiting therapeutic exploitation? Thorax 1993;48:1097-8.
24. Li G, Hansmann ML, Zwingers T, Lennert K. Primary lymphomas of the lung: morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical features. Histopathology 1990;16:519-31.
25. Cho MS, Kim ES, Kim HJ, Yang WI. Kimura's disease of the epiglottis. Histopathology 1997;30:592-4.
26. Tamura S, Takeshi K. Intranasal immunization for human application. Mucosal Immunol Update 1997:5:8-10.
27. Kyd J, Dunkley M. Induction of respiratory bacterial immunity by intranasal immunization. Mucosal Immunol Update 1997;5:14-6.
28. Bergquist C, Johansson E-L, Lagergard T et al. Intranasal vaccination of humans with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit induces systemic and local antibody responses in the upper respiratory tract and the vagina. Infect Immun 1997;65:2676-84.