The fluoroquinolones: How long will their utility last?

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 85-92

  Bakken, Johan S ^a  

^a St Luke's Infectious Disease Associates   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CINOXACIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; ENOXACIN; FLEROXACIN; GATIFLOXACIN; GREPAFLOXACIN; LEVOFLOXACIN; LOMEFLOXACIN; MOXIFLOXACIN; NALIDIXIC ACID; NORFLOXACIN; OFLOXACIN; OXOLINIC ACID; PEFLOXACIN; PIPEMIDIC ACID; PIROMIDIC ACID; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; RUFLOXACIN; SPARFLOXACIN; TEMAFLOXACIN; TROVAFLOXACIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITY; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CLASSIFICATION; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG FATALITY; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG USE; GENE MUTATION; GENE SEQUENCE; GEOGRAPHY; HEALTH CARE COST; HOSPITAL; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MORBIDITY; UNITED STATES;

BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; DRUG UTILIZATION; FLUOROQUINOLONES; FORECASTING; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA; HUMANS; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 1542330020     PISSN: 00365548     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00365540410019039     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. O'Donnell JA, Gelone SP. Fluoroquinolones. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2000; 14(2): 489-513, xi.
2. Lesher GT, Froelich EJ, Gruett JH, Bailey JH, Brundage RF. 1,8-napthyrene derivatives: a new class of chemotherapy agents. J Med Pharm Chem 1962; 5: 1063-5.
3. Radl S. From chloroquine to antineoplastic drugs? The story of antibacterial quinolones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1996; 329(3): 115-9.
4. Ito A, Hirai K, Inoue M, Koga H, Suzue S, Irikura T, Mitsuhashi S. In vitro antibacterial activity of AM-715, a new nalidixic acid analog. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980; 17(2): 103-8.
5. Domagala JM. Structure-activity and structure-side-effect relationships for the quinolone antibacterials. J Antimicrob Chemother 1994; 33(4): 685-706.
6. Blumberg HM, Rimland D, Carroll DJ, Terry P, Wachsmuth IK. Rapid development of ciprofloxacin resistance in methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis 1991; 163(6): 1279-85.
7. Sanchez JP, Domagala JM, Hagen SE, Heifetz CL, Hutt MP, Nichols JB, Trehan AK. Quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 8-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acids and 1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids. J Med Chem 1988; 31(5): 983-91.
8. Saravolatz LD, Leggett J. Gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin: the role of 3 newer fluoroquinolones. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37(9): 1210-5.
9. Bergan T. Pharmacokinetics of the fluoroquinolones. 1998.
10. Drlica K, Malik M. Fluoroquinolones: action and resistance. Curr Top Med Chem 2003; 3(3): 249-82.
11. Richardson DC, Bast D, McGeer A, Low DE. Evaluation of susceptibility testing to detect fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(6): 1911-4.
12. Gootz TD, Brighty KE. Chemistry and Mechanism of Action of the Quinolone Antibacterials. In: Andriole VT, ed. The Quinolones. San Diego: Academic Press; 1998. p. 29-80.
13. Marians KJ. Prokaryotic DNA replication. Annu Rev Biochem 1992; 61: 673-719.
14. Li Q, Chu DT, Claiborne A, Cooper CS, Lee CM, Raye K, et al. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 2-pyridones: a novel series of potent DNA gyrase inhibitors as antibacterial agents. J Med Chem 1996; 39(16): 3070-88.
15. Shen LL. Molecular mechanisms of DNA gyrase inhibition by quinolone antibacterials. Adv Pharmacol 1994; 29A: 285-304.
16. Friedman SM, Lu T, Drlica K. Mutation in the DNA gyrase A gene of Escherichia coli that expands the quinolone resistance-determining region. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(8): 2378-80.
17. Kampranis SC, Maxwell A. Hydrolysis of ATP at only 1 GyrB subunit is sufficient to promote supercoiling by DNA gyrase. J Biol Chem 1998; 273(41): 26305-9.
18. Zechiedrich EL, Cozzarelli NR. Roles of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in DNA unlinking during replication in Escherichia coli. Genes Dev 1995; 9(22): 2859-69.
19. Zechiedrich EL, Khodursky AB, Bachellier S, Schneider R, Chen D, Lilley DM, Cozzarelli NR. Roles of topoisomerases in maintaining steady-state DNA supercoiling in Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 2000; 275(11): 8103-13.
20. Zechiedrich EL, Khodursky AB, Cozzarelli NR. Topoisomerase IV, not gyrase, decatenates products of site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli. Genes Dev 1997; 11(19): 2580-92.
21. Drlica K. The future of fluoroquinolones. Ann Med 2000; 32(9): 585-7.
22. Hooper DC. Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance. Drug Resist Updat 1999; 2(1): 38-55.
23. Fukuda H, Hiramatsu K. Primary targets of fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43(2): 410-2.
24. Hooper DC. Mechanisms of action of antimicrobials: focus on fluoroquinolones. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32(Suppl 1): S9-S15.
25. Kampranis SC, Maxwell A. The DNA gyrase-quinolone complex. ATP hydrolysis and the mechanism of DNA cleavage. J Biol Chem 1998; 273(35): 22615-26.
26. Kampranis SC, Maxwell A. Conformational changes in DNA gyrase revealed by limited proteolysis. J Biol Chem 1998; 273(35): 22606-14.
27. Schmitz FJ, Higgins PG, Mayer S, Fluit AC, Dalhoff A. Activity of quinolones against Gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002; 21(9): 647-59.
28. Anderson VE, Gootz TD, Osheroff N. Topoisomerase IV catalysis and the mechanism of quinolone action. J Biol Chem 1998; 273(28): 17879-85.
29. Marians KJ, Hiasa H. Mechanism of quinolone action. A drug-induced structural perturbation of the DNA precedes strand cleavage by topoisomerase IV. J Biol Chem 1997; 272(14): 9401-9.
30. Fournier B, Zhao X, Lu T, Drlica K, Hooper DC. Selective targeting of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in Staphylococcus aureus: different patterns of quinolone-induced inhibition of DNA synthesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44(8): 2160-5.
31. Chen CR, Malik M, Snyder M, Drlica K. DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV on the bacterial chromosome: quinolone-induced DNA cleavage. J Mol Biol 1996; 258(4): 627-37.
32. Krasin F, Hutchinson F. Repair of DNA double-strand breaks in Escherichia coli, which requires recA function and the presence of a duplicate genome. J Mol Biol 1977; 116(1): 81-98.
33. Crumplin GC, Kenwright M, Hirst T. Investigations into the mechanism of action of the antibacterial agent norfloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1984; 13(Suppl B): 9-23.
34. Piddock LJ, Walters RN. Bactericidal activities of 5 quinolones for Escherichia coli strains with mutations in genes encoding the SOS response or cell division. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36(4): 819-25.
35. Drusano GL, Preston SL, Owens RC Jr, Ambrose PG. Fluoroquinolone pharmacodynamics. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33(12): 2091-6.
36. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity and utility of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Clin Ther 1999; 21(1): 3-40.
37. Schentag JJ, Nix DE, Forrest A, Adelman MH. AUIC: the universal parameter within the constraint of a reasonable dosing interval. Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30(9): 1029-31.
38. Forrest A, Nix DE, Ballow CH, Goss TF, Birmingham MC, Schentag JJ. Pharmacodynamics of intravenous ciprofloxacin in seriously ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37(5): 1073-81.
39. Preston SL, Drusano GL, Berman AL, Fowler CL, Chow AT, Dornseif B, et al. Pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin: a new paradigm for early clinical trials. JAMA 1998; 279(2): 125-9.
40. Hooper DC. Emerging mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance. Emerg Infect Dis 2001; 7(2): 337-41.
41. Scheld WM. Maintaining fluoroquinolone class efficacy: review of influencing factors. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9(1): 1-9.
42. Pfaller MA, Acar J, Jones RN, Verhoef J, Turnidge J, Sader HS. Integration of molecular characterization of microorganisms in a global antimicrobial resistance surveillance program. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32(Suppl 2): S156-67.
43. Yoshida T, Muratani T, Iyobe S, Mitsuhashi S. Mechanisms of high-level resistance to quinolones in urinary tract isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994; 38(7): 1466-9.
44. Heddle J, Maxwell A. Quinolone-binding pocket of DNA gyrase: role of GyrB. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46(6): 1805-15.
45. Bast DJ, Low DE, Duncan CL, Kilburn L, Mandell LA, Davidson RJ, de Azavedo JC. Fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: contributions of type II topoisomerase mutations and efflux to levels of resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44(11): 3049-54.
46. Low DE, de Azavedo J, Weiss K, Mazzulli T, Kuhn M, Church D, et al. Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Canada during 2000. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46(5): 1295-301.
47. Ferraro MJ, Wickler MA, Craig WA, et al. Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard-Sixth Edition. 1-50. 2003. Wayne, PA, The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.
48. Blondeau JM, Zhao X, Hansen G, Drlica K. Mutant prevention concentrations of fluoroquinolones for clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45(2): 433-8.
49. Hansen GT, Metzler K, Drlica K, Blondeau JM. Mutant prevention concentration of gemifloxacin for clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47(1): 440-1.
50. Kruse H, Skov Simonsen G. Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents and Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Norway. NORM/NORM-VET 2000.
51. Kahlmeter G. Non-betalactam antibiotics. Clinical MIC-values and species-related MIC-breakpoints. http://www.ltkronoberg.se/ext/raf/mictab/mictab2.htm. 2003.
52. Martinez-Martinez L, Pascual A, Jacoby GA. Quinolone resistance from a transferable plasmid. Lancet 1998; 351(9105): 797-9.
53. Neuhauser MM, Weinstein RA, Rydman R, Danziger LH, Karam G, Quinn JP. Antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in US intensive care units: implications for fluoroquinolone use. JAMA 2003; 289(7): 885-8.
54. Chen DK, McGeer A, de Azavedo JC, Low DE. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network. N Engl J Med 1999; 341(4): 233-9.
55. Doern GV. Antimicrobial use and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33(Suppl 30): S187-92.
56. Fridkin SK, Steward CD, Edwards JR, Pryor ER, McGowan JE Jr, Archibald LK, et al. Surveillance of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in United States hospitals: project ICARE phase 2. Project Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology (ICARE) hospitals. Clin Infect Dis 1999; 29(2): 245-52.
57. Hanberger H, Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Gobernado M, Goossens H, Nilsson LE, Struelens MJ. Antibiotic susceptibility among aerobic Gram-negative bacilli in intensive care units in 5 European countries. French and Portuguese ICU Study Groups. JAMA 1999; 281(1): 67-71.
58. Pena C, Albareda JM, Pallares R, Pujol M, Tubau F, Ariza J. Relationship between quinolone use and emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in bloodstream infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39(2): 520-4.
59. Peterson LR, Postelnick M, Pozdol TL, Reisberg B, Noskin GA. Management of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: outcome of monitored use in a referral hospital. Int J Antimicrob Agents 1998; 10(3): 207-14.
60. Rifenburg RP, Paladino JA, Bhavnani SM, Haese DD, Schentag JJ. Influence of fluoroquinolone purchasing patterns on antimicrobial expenditures and Pseudomonas aeruginosa susceptibility. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999; 56(21): 2217-23.
61. Gordon KA, Jones RN. Susceptibility patterns of orally administered antimicrobials among urinary tract infection pathogens from hospitalized patients in North America: comparison report to Europe and Latin America. Results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2000). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 45(4): 295-301.
62. Bakken JS. The many faces of MIC determinations: do they tell the story like it is? Clin Microbiol Newsletter 1992; 14(12): 94-6.
63. Thomson KS. Minimizing quinolone resistance: are the new agents more or less likely to cause resistance? J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 45(6): 719-23.
64. Ho PL, Yung RW, Tsang DN, Que TL, Ho M, Seto WH, et al. Increasing resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones: results of a Hong Kong multicenter study in. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 2001(5): 659-65.
65. Davidson R, Cavalcanti R, Brunton JL, Bast DJ, de Azavedo JC, Kibsey P, et al. Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2002; 346(10): 747-50.
66. Daily P, Gelling M, Rothrock G, et al. Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones, United States 1995-1999. Morbid Mortal Weekly Conf 2001; 50(37): 800-4.
67. Karlowsky JA, Thornsberry C, Jones ME, Evangelista AT, Critchley IA, Sahm DF. Factors associated with relative rates of antimicrobial resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: results from the TRUST Surveillance Program (1998-2002). Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36(8): 963-70.
68. Burwen DR, Banerjee SN, Gaynes RP. Ceftazidime resistance among selected nosocomial Gram-negative bacilli in the United States. National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. J Infect Dis 1994; 170(6): 1622-5.
69. Jones RN, Biedenbach DJ, Beach ML. Influence of patient age on the susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in North America: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2000-2001). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 46(1): 77-80.
70. Goldstein EJ, Garabedian-Ruffalo SM. Widespread use of fluoroquinolones vs emerging resistance in pneumococci. Clin Infect Dis 2002; 35(12): 1505-11.
71. Hoban DJ, Doern GV, Fluit AC, Roussel-Delvallez M, Jones RN. Worldwide prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32(Suppl 2): S81-93.
72. Walker RC. The fluoroquinolones. Mayo Clin Proc 1999; 74(10): 1030-7.
73. Levy SB. Multidrug resistance: a sign of the times. N Engl J Med 1998; 338(19): 1376-8.
74. Steinman MA, Gonzales R, Linder JA, Landefeld CS. Changing use of antibiotics in community-based outpatient practice, 1991-1999. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138(7): 525-33.
75. Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, Mandell LA, File Jr TM, Musher DM, Fine MJ. Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31(2): 347-82.
76. Niederman MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A, Bass JB, Broughton WA, Campbell GD, et al. Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163(7): 173-54.
77. Heffelfinger JD, Dowell SF, Jorgensen JH, Klugman KP, Mabry LR, Musher DM, et al. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance: a report from the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160(10): 1399-408.
78. Mandell LA, Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, File TM Jr, Musher DM, Whitney C. Update of practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37(11): 1405-33.
79. Stein GE, Schooley S, Kaatz GW. Serum bactericidal activity of the methoxyfluoroquinolones gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus species: are the susceptibility breakpoints too high? Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37(10): 1392-5.
80. Allen GP, Kaatz GW, Rybak MJ. Activities of mutant prevention concentration-targeted moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2003; 47(8): 2606-14.