Effect of convection on the summertime extratropical lower stratosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres

Volumn 109, Issue 23, 2004, Pages 1-9

  Dessler, A E ^a   Sherwood, S C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Extratropical convection; Extratropical tropopause; Lower stratospheric ozone; Lower stratospheric water vapor; Stratosphere troposphere exchange

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CONVECTION; EXTRATROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE INTERACTION; WATER VAPOR;

EID: 14644444508     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2004JD005209     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Alcala, C. M., and A. E. Dessler (2002), Observations of deep convection in the tropics using the TRMM precipitation radar, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4792, doi:10.1029/2002JD002457.
2. Barath, F. T., et al. (1993), The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder instrument, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,751-10,762.
3. Dessler, A. E. (1998), A reexamination of the "stratospheric fountain" hypothesis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 4165-4168.
4. Dessler, A. E. (2002), The effect of deep, tropical convection on the tropical tropopause layer, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D3), 4033, doi:10.1029/2001JD000511.
5. Dessler, A. E., and H. Kim (1999), Determination of the amount of water vapor entering the stratosphere based on HALOE data, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30,605-30,607.
6. Dessler, A. E., and S. C. Sherwood (2003), A model of HDO in the tropical tropopause layer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2173-2181.
7. Dessler, A. E., M. D. Burrage, J.-U. Grooss, J. R. Holton, J. L. Lean, S. T. Massie, M. R. Schoeberl, A. R. Douglass, and C. H. Jackman (1998), Selected science highlights from the first five years of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) program, Rev. Geophys., 36, 183-210.
8. Dethof, A., A. O'Neill, J. M. Slingo, and H. G. J. Smit (1999), A mechanism for moistening the lower stratosphere involving the Asian summer monsoon, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 1079-1106.
9. Dunkerton, T. J. (1995), Evidence of meridional motion in the summer lower stratosphere adjacent to monsoon regions, J. Geophys. Res., 100 16,675-16,688.
10. Ehhalt, D. H., and A. Tönnißen (1979), Hydrogen and carbon compounds in the stratosphere, in Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Atmospheric Ozone: Its Variations and Human Influences, edited by A. C. Aikin, pp. 129-151, U.S. Dep. of Transp., Washington, D. C.
11. Emanuel, K. A., and D. J. Raymond (1993), The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, 246 pp., Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, Mass.
12. Fischer, H., et al. (2003), Deep convective injection of boundary layer air into the lowermost stratosphere at midlatitudes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 739-745.
13. Fromm, M. D., and R. Servranckx (2003), Transport of forest fire smoke above the tropopause by supercell convection, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 10), 1542, doi:10.1029/2002GL016820.
14. Fromm, M., J. Alfred, K. Hoppel, J. Hornstein, R. Bevilacqua, E. Shettle, R. Servranckx, Z. Q. Li, and B. Stocks (2000), Observations of boreal forest fire smoke in the stratosphere by POAM III, SAGE II, and lidar in 1998, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1407-1410.
15. Gettelman, A., M. L. Salby, and F. Sassi (2002), Distribution and influence of convection in the tropical tropopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D10), 4080, doi:10.1029/2001JD001048.
16. Holton, J. R., P. H. Haynes, M. E. McIntyre, A. R, Douglass, R. B. Rood, and L. Pfister (1995), Stratosphere-troposhere exchange, Rev. Geophys., 33, 403-439.
17. Hoskins, B. J. (1991), Towards a PV-χ view of the general circulation, Tellus, Ser. A, 43(4), 27-35.
18. Jensen, E. J., W. G. Read, J. Merganthaler, B. J. Sandor, L. Pfister, and A. Tabazadeh (1999), High humidities and subvisible cirrus near the tropical tropopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2347-2350.
19. Jost, H.-J., et al. (2004), In-situ observations of mid-latitude forest fire plumes deep in the stratosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L11101, doi:10.1029/2003GL019253.
20. 3CN observed by die Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder following boreal forest fires, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06308, doi:10.1029/2003JD004055.
21. Minschwaner, K., A. E. Dessler, J. W. Elkins, C. M. Volk, D. W. Fahey, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, A. E. Roche, and K. R. Chan (1996), Bulk properties of isentropic mixing into the tropics in the lower stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 9433-9439.
22. Poulida, O., R. R. Dickerson, and A. Heymsfield (1996), Stratosphere-troposphere exchange in a midlatitude mesoscale convective complex: 1. Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6823-6836.
23. Proffitt, M. H., and R. J. McLaughlin (1983), Fast-response dual-beam UV-absorption ozone photometer suitable for use on stratospheric balloons, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 54, 1719-1728.
24. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, and D. J. Gaffen (2000), Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalysis, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15,509-15,523.
25. Randel, W. J., F. Wu, A. Gettelman, J. M. Russell III, J. M. Zawodny, and S. J. Oltmans (2001), Seasonal variation of water vapor in the lower stratosphere observed in Halogen Occultation Experiment data, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14,313-14,325.
26. Ray, E. A., et al. (2004), Evidence of the effect of summertime midlatitude convection on the subtropical lower stratosphere from CRYSTAL-FACE tracer measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D18304, doi:10.1029/2004JD004655.
27. Read, W. G., D. L. Wu, J. W. Waters, and H. C. Pumphrey (2004), A new 147-56 hPa water vapor product from the UARS Microwave Limb Sounder, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D06111, doi:10.1029/2003JD004366.
28. Roach, W. T. (1967), On nature of summit areas of severe storms in Oklahoma, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 397, 318-336.
29. Rosenfield, J. E., P. A. Newman, and M. R. Schoeberl (1994), Computations of diabatic descent in the stratospheric polar vortex, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,677-16,689.
30. Russell, J. M., III, et al. (1993), The Halogen Occultation Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,777-10,797.
31. Sherwood, S. C., and A. E. Dessler (2000), On the control of stratospheric humidity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2513-2516.
32. Sherwood, S. C., and A. E. Dessler (2001), A model for transport across the tropical tropopause, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 765-779.
33. Sherwood, S. C., and A. E. Dessler (2003), Convective mixing near the tropical tropopause: Insights from seasonal variations, J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 2674-2685.
34. Stainforth, A., and J. Cote (1991), Semi-Lagrangian integration schemes for atmospheric models: A review, Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 2206-2223.
35. Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) (2000), SPARC assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapour, World Clim. Res. Program, Geneva.
36. Swinbank, R., and A. O'Neill (1994), A stratosphere-troposphere data assimilation system, Mon. Weather Rev., 122, 686-702.
37. Wang, P. K. (2003), Moisture plumes above thunderstorm anvils and their contributions to cross-tropopause transport of water vapor in midlatitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D6), 4194, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002581.
38. Weinstock, E. M., E. J. Hintsa, A. E. Dessler, J. F. Oliver, N. L. Hazen, J. N. Demusz, N. T. Allen, L. B. Lapson, and J. G. Anderson (1994), New fast response photofragment fluorescence hygrometer for use on the NASA ER-2 and the Perseus remotely piloted aircraft, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 65, 3544-3554.
39. 2, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 4477-4493.