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0004211170
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4th ed. Georg Thieme Stuttgart
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A. Kleemann, J. Engel, B. Kutscher, and D. Reichert Pharmaceutical substances syntheses, patents, applications 4th ed. 2001 Georg Thieme Stuttgart
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Kleemann, A.1
Engel, J.2
Kutscher, B.3
Reichert, D.4
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3
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0032514998
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For recently developed Pd-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides, see: B.A. Anderson, E.C. Bell, F.O. Ginah, N.K. Harn, L.M. Pagh, and J.P. Wepsiec J. Org. Chem. 63 1998 8224 8228
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Anderson, B.A.1
Bell, E.C.2
Ginah, F.O.3
Harn, N.K.4
Pagh, L.M.5
Wepsiec, J.P.6
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6
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0038669308
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M. Sundermeier, A. Zapf, S. Mutyala, W. Baumann, J. Sans, S. Weiss, and M. Beller Chem. Eur. J. 9 2003 1828 1836
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Chem. Eur. J.
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Sundermeier, M.1
Zapf, A.2
Mutyala, S.3
Baumann, W.4
Sans, J.5
Weiss, S.6
Beller, M.7
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10
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7044233533
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K.M. Marcantonio, L.F. Frey, Y. Liu, Y. Chen, J. Strine, B. Phenix, D.J. Wallace, and C.-Y. Chen Org. Lett. 6 2004 3723 3725
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Org. Lett.
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Marcantonio, K.M.1
Frey, L.F.2
Liu, Y.3
Chen, Y.4
Strine, J.5
Phenix, B.6
Wallace, D.J.7
Chen, C.-Y.8
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13
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85030811758
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note
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2i dppf
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23
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0242361228
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M. Seki, M. Kimura, M. Hatsuda, S. Yoshida, and T. Shimizu Tetrahedron Lett. 44 2003 8905 8907
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(2003)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, vol.44
, pp. 8905-8907
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Seki, M.1
Kimura, M.2
Hatsuda, M.3
Yoshida, S.4
Shimizu, T.5
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27
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85030806516
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note
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Pd/C catalyst employed in this study was purchased from Degussa Japan Co., Ltd. and has the following chemical properties: impregnation depth, 200-500 nm (thick shell); reduction degree, 0-25%; Pd dispersion, 28%; water content, less than 3 wt %. The catalyst is commercially available at Degussa Japan Co., Ltd
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28
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85030805714
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note
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2 five times. The mixture was stirred at 80-125°C for 3-15 h. After completion of the reaction, the suspension was cooled down to room temperature, diluted with AcOEt (15 mL), and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography or recrystallization to provide the desired product
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29
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85030812126
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note
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2f has been reported to be 20%
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30
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85030815096
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note
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The leaching of Pd from Pd/C was measured at the end of the reaction of 1a to 2a by X-ray fluorescence analysis of the filtered solution, and 30% of the initially added Pd was found to dissolve from the charcoal matrix to the solution phase
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31
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84888916451
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Sep. 6
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For the side reaction (precipitation to Pd black) in the Suzuki coupling, see: Chem. Eng. News 2004, Sep. 6, 49-58
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(2004)
Chem. Eng. News
, pp. 49-58
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32
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19244373699
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In contrast, the recovery of Pd in the Heck reaction employing Pd/C was conducted by reducing the Pd(II) species, see: R.G. Heidenreich, J.G.E. Krauter, J. Pietsch, and K. Köhler J. Mol. Cat. A 182-183 2002 499 509
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(2002)
J. Mol. Cat. a
, vol.182-183
, pp. 499-509
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Heidenreich, R.G.1
Krauter, J.G.E.2
Pietsch, J.3
Köhler, K.4
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