Entrapment of small molecules and nucleic acid-based drugs in liposomes

Methods in Enzymology

Volumn 391, Issue SPEC. ISS., 2005, Pages 7-40

  Fenske, David B ^a   Cullis, Pieter R ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

1,2 DIOLEOYL 3 DIMETHYLAMMONIUM PROPANE; ALCOHOL; AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; AMYLAMMONIUM SULFATE; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; CALCIMYCIN; CERAMIDE DERIVATIVE; CHOLESTEROL; CIPROFLOXACIN; DISTEAROYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; DOXORUBICIN; EDETIC ACID; EPIRUBICIN; IONOPHORE; LIPOSOME; METHYLAMMONIUM; METHYLAMMONIUM SULFATE; MITOXANTRONE; N,N DIOLEOYL N,N DIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE; NIGERICIN; NUCLEIC ACID; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; PLASMID DNA; PROPYLAMMONIUM SULFATE; SPHINGOMYELIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VINCRISTINE; VINCRISTINE SULFATE;

ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DIALYSIS; DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM; DRUG FORMULATION; DRUG RETENTION; DRUG UPTAKE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ENCAPSULATION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMAN; MACROMOLECULE; METHODOLOGY; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; MOLECULAR SIZE; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NONVIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; PH; PLASMA HALF LIFE; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 13844294438     PISSN: 00766879     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)91001-X     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Adlakha-Hutcheon G., Bally M.B., Shew C.R., Madden T.D. Controlled destabilization of a liposomal drug delivery system enhances mitoxantrone antitumor activity. Nat. Biotechnol. 17:1999;775-779
2. Allen T.M. Long-circulating (sterically stabilized) liposomes for targeted drug delivery. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 15:1994;215-220
3. Allen T.M. Liposomal drug formulations. Rationale for development and what we can expect for the future. Drugs. 56:1998;747-756
4. Allen T.M., Hansen C., Martin F., RedemAnn C., Yau-Young A. Liposomes containing synthetic lipid derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) show prolonged circulation half-lives in vivo. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1066:1991;29-36
5. Bakker-Woudenberg I.A., ten Kate M.T., Guo L., Working P., Mouton J.W. Improved efficacy of ciprofloxacin administered in polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes for treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in rats. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45:2001;1487-1492
6. Bally M.B., Mayer L.D., Loughrey H., Redelmeier T., Madden T.D., Wong K., Harrigan P.R., Hope M.J., Cullis P.R. Dopamine accumulation in large unilamellar vesicle systems induced by transmembrane ion gradients. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 47:1988;97-107
7. Bangham A.D. Membrane models with phospholipids. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 18:1968;29-95
8. Batzri S., Korn E.D. Single bilayer liposomes prepared without sonication. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 298:1973;1015-1019
9. Bligh E.G., Dyer W.J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 37:1959;911-917
10. Boman N.L., Mayer L.D., Cullis P.R. Optimization of the retention properties of vincristine in liposomal systems. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1152:1993;253-258
11. Boman N.L., Masin D., Mayer L.D., Cullis P.R., Bally M.B. Liposomal vincristine which exhibits increased drug retention and increased circulation longevity cuRes. mice bearing P388 tumors. Cancer Res. 54:1994;2830-2833
12. Brown J.M., Giaccia A.J. The unique physiology of solid tumors: Opportunities (and problems) for cancer therapy. Cancer Res. 58:1998;1408-1416
13. Burstein H.J., Ramirez M.J., Petros W.P., Clarke K.D., Warmuth M.A., Marcom P.K., Matulonis U.A., Parker L.M., Harris L.N., Winer E.P. Phase I study of Doxil and vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer. Ann. Oncol. 10:1999;1113-1116
14. Campos S.M., Penson R.T., Mays A.R., Berkowitz R.S., Fuller A.F., Goodman A., Matulonis U.A., Muzikansky A., Seiden M.V. The clinical utility of liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 81:2001;206-212
15. Chang C.W., Barber L., Ouyang C., Masin D., Bally M.B., Madden T.D. Plasma clearance, biodistribution and therapeutic properties of mitoxantrone encapsulated in conventional and sterically stabilized liposomes after intravenous administration in BDF1 mice. Br. J. Cancer. 75:1997;169-177
16. 2+-drug complexes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1414:1998;205-216
17. Cheung T.W., Remick S.C., Azarnia N., Proper J.A., Barrueco J.R., Dezube B.J. AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: A phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin. The TLC D-99 Study Group. Clin. Cancer Res. 5:1999;3432-3437
18. Chonn A., Cullis P.R. Recent advances in liposomal drug-delivery systems. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 6:1995;698-708
19. Coukell A.J., Spencer C.M. Polyethylene glycol-liposomal doxorubicin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy in the management of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Drugs. 53:1997;520-538
20. Cullis P.R. Liposomes by accident. J. Liposome Res. 10:2000;ix-xxiv
21. Cullis P.R., Hope M.J., Bally M.B., Madden T.D., Mayer L.D., Fenske D.B. Influence of pH gradients on the transbilayer transport of drugs, lipids, peptides and metal ions into large unilamellar vesicles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1331:1997;187-211
22. Dvorak H.F., Nagy J.A., Dvorak J.T., Dvorak A.M. Identification and characterization of the blood vessels of solid tumors that are leaky to circulating macromolecules. Am. J. Pathol. 133:1988;95-109
23. Fenske D.B., MacLachlan I., Cullis P.R. Long-circulating vectors for the systemic delivery of genes. Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 3:2001;153-158
24. Fenske D.B., MacLachlan I., Cullis P.R. Stabilized plasmid-lipid particles: A systemic gene therapy vector. Methods Enzymol. 346:2002;36-71
25. Fenske D.B., Maurer N., Cullis P.R. Encapsulation of weakly-basic drugs, antisense oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA within large unilamellar vesicles for drug delivery applications. Torchilin V.P., Weissig V. "Liposomes: A Practical Approach" 2003;167-191 Oxford University Press, Oxford
26. Fenske D.B., Wong K.F., Maurer E., Maurer N., Leenhouts J.M., Boman N., Amankwa L., Cullis P.R. Ionophore-mediated uptake of ciprofloxacin and vincristine into large unilamellar vesicles exhibiting transmembrane ion gradients. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1414:1998;188-204
27. Fiske C.H., Subbarow Y. The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J. Biol. Chem. 66:1925;375-400
28. Gabizon A., Papahadjopoulos D. Liposome formulations with prolonged circulation time in blood and enhanced uptake by tumors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;6949-6953
29. Gelmon K.A., Tolcher A., Diab A.R., Bally M.B., Embree L., Hudon N., Dedhar C., Ayers D., Eisen A., Melosky B., Burge C., Logan P., Mayer L.D. Phase I study of liposomal vincristine. J. Clin. Oncol. 17:1999;697-705
30. Gill P.S., Wernz J., Scadden D.T., Cohen P., Mukwaya G.M., Von Roenn J.H., Jacobs M., Kempin S., Silverberg I., Gonzales G., Rarick M.U., Myers A.M., Shepherd F., Sawka C., Pike M.C., Ross M.E. Randomized phase III trial of liposomal daunorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 14:1996;2353-2364
31. Gokhale P.C., Radhakrishnan B., Husain S.R., Abernethy D.R., Sacher R., Dritschilo A., Rahman A. An improved method of encapsulation of doxorubicin in liposomes: Pharmacological, toxicological, and therapeutic evaluation. Br. J. Cancer. 74:1996;43-48
32. Gordon A.N., Granai C.O., Rose P.G., Hainsworth J., Lopez A., Weissman C., Rosales R., Sharpington T. Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in platinum- and paclitaxel-refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 18:2000;3093-3100
33. Grunaug M., Bogner J.R., Loch O., Goebel F.D. Liposomal doxorubicin in pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma: Improved survival as compared to patients without liposomal doxorubicin. Eur. J. Med. Res. 3:1998;13-19
34. Gutteridge J.M. Lipid peroxidation and possible hydroxyl radical formation stimulated by the self-reduction of a doxorubicin-iron (III) complex. Biochem. Pharmacol. 33:1984;1725-1728
35. Gutteridge J.M., Quinlan G.J. Free radical damage to deoxyribose by anthracycline, aureolic acid and aminoquinone antitumour antibiotics. An essential requirement for iron, semiquinones and hydrogen peroxide. Biochem. Pharmacol. 34:1985;4099-4103
36. Haran G., Cohen R., Bar L.K., Barenholz Y. Transmembrane ammonium sulfate gradients in liposomes produce efficient and stable entrapment of amphipathic weak bases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1151:1993;201-215
37. Harrigan P.R., Wong K.F., Redelmeier T.E., Wheeler J.J., Cullis P.R. Accumulation of doxorubicin and other lipophilic amines into large unilamellar vesicles in response to transmembrane pH gradients. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1149:1993;329-338
38. Hasinoff B.B. The interaction of the cardioprotective agent ICRF-187 [+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yL)propane); its hydrolysis product (ICRF-198); and other chelating agents with the Fe(III) and Cu(II) complexes of adriamycin. Agents Actions. 26:1989a;378-385
39. Hasinoff B.B. Self-reduction of the iron(III)-doxorubicin complex. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 7:1989b;583-593
40. Hasinoff B.B., Davey J.P., O'Brien P.J. The Adriamycin (doxorubicin)-induced inactivation of cytochrome c oxidase depends on the presence of iron or copper. Xenobiotica. 19:1989;231-241
41. Hope M.J., Bally M.B., Mayer L.D., Janoff A.S., Cullis P.R. Generation of multilamellar and unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 40:1986;89-107
42. Hope M.J., Wong K.F. Liposomal formulation of ciprofloxacin. Shek P.N. "Liposomes in Biomedical Applications" 1995;121-134 Harwood Academic Publishers, London
43. Hope M.J., Bally M.B., Webb G., Cullis P.R. Production of large unilamellar vesicles by a rapid extrusion procedure. Characterization of size distribution, trapped volume and ability to maintain a membrane potential. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 812:1985;55-65
44. Hu Q., Shew C.R., Bally M.B., Madden T.D. Programmable fusogenic vesicles for intracellular delivery of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides: Enhanced cellular uptake and biological effects. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1514:2001;1-13
45. Huang C. Studies on phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Formation and physical characteristics. Biochemistry. 8:1969;344-352
46. Israel V.P., Garcia A.A., Roman L., Muderspach L., Burnett A., Jeffers S., Muggia F.M. Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in advanced gynecologic cancers. Gynecol. Oncol. 78:2000;143-147
47. Judson I., Radford J.A., Harris M., Blay J., van Hoesel Q., le Cesne A., van Oosterom A.T., Clemons M.J., Kamby C., Hermans C., Whittaker J., Donato d. P., Verweij J., Nielsen S. Randomised phase II trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (DOXIL(R)/CAELYX(R) ) versus doxorubicin in the treatment of advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma. A study by the EORTC Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group. Eur. J. Cancer. 37:2001;870-877
48. Lasic D.D., Ceh B., Stuart M.C., Guo L., Frederik P.M., Barenholz Y. Transmembrane gradient driven phase transitions within vesicles: Lessons for drug delivery. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1239:1995;145-156
49. Lasic D.D., Frederik P.M., Stuart M.C., Barenholz Y., McIntosh T.J. Gelation of liposome interior. A novel method for drug encapsulation. FEBS Lett. 312:1992;255-258
50. Li X., Cabral-Lilly D., Janoff A.S., Perkins W.R. Complexation of internalized doxorubicin into fiber bundles affects its release rate from liposomes. J. Liposome Res. 10:2000;15-27
51. Li X., Hirsh D.J., Cabral-Lilly D., Zirkel A., Gruner S.M., Janoff A.S., Perkins W.R. Doxorubicin physical state in solution and inside liposomes loaded via a pH gradient. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1415:1998;23-40
52. Lichtenberg D., Barenholz Y. Liposomes: Preparation, characterization, and preservation. Methods Biochem. Anal. 33:1988;337-462
53. Lim H.J., Masin D., Madden T.D., Bally M.B. Influence of drug release characteristics on the therapeutic activity of liposomal mitoxantrone. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 281:1997;566-573
54. Lim H.J., Masin D., McIntosh N.L., Madden T.D., Bally M.B. Role of drug release and liposome-mediated drug delivery in governing the therapeutic activity of liposomal mitoxantrone used to treat human A431 and LS180 solid tumors. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 292:2000;337-345
55. Madden T.D., Harrigan P.R., Tai L.C., Bally M.B., Mayer L.D., Redelmeier T.E., Loughrey H.C., Tilcock C.P., Reinish L.W., Cullis P.R. The accumulation of drugs within large unilamellar vesicles exhibiting a proton gradient: A survey. Chem. Phys. Lipids. 53:1990;37-46
56. Maurer-Spurej E., Wong K.F., Maurer N., Fenske D.B., Cullis P.R. Factors influencing uptake and retention of amino-containing drugs in large unilamellar vesicles exhibiting transmembrane pH gradients. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1416:1999;1-10
57. Maurer N., Mori A., Palmer L., Monck M.A., Mok K.W., Mui B., Akhong Q.F., Cullis P.R. Lipid-based systems for the intracellular delivery of genetic drugs. Mol. Membr. Biol. 16:1999;129-140
58. Maurer N., Wong K.F., Hope M.J., Cullis P.R. Anomalous solubility behavior of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin encapsulated in liposomes: A 1H-NMR study. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1374:1998;9-20
59. Maurer N., Wong K.F., Stark H., Louie L., McIntosh D., Wong T., Scherrer P., Semple S.C., Cullis P.R. Spontaneous entrapment of polynucleotides upon electrostatic interaction with ethanol-destabilized cationic liposomes. Biophys. J. 80:2001;2310-2326
60. Mayer L.D., Bally M.B., Cullis P.R. Uptake of Adriamycin into large unilamellar vesicles in response to a pH gradient. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 857:1986a;123-126
61. Mayer L.D., Hope M.J., Cullis P.R. Vesicles of variable sizes produced by a rapid extrusion procedure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 858:1986b;161-168
62. Mayer L.D., Bally M.B., Cullis P.R. Strategies for optimizing liposomal doxorubicin. J. Liposome Res. 1:1990a;463-480
63. Mayer L.D., Bally M.B., Cullis P.R., Wilson S.L., Emerman J.T. Comparison of free and liposome encapsulated doxorubicin tumor drug uptake and antitumor efficacy in the SC115 murine mammary tumor. Cancer Lett. 53:1990b;183-190
64. Mayer L.D., Bally M.B., Loughrey H., Masin D., Cullis P.R. Liposomal vincristine preparations which exhibit decreased drug toxicity and increased activity against murine L1210 and P388 tumors. Cancer Res. 50:1990c;575-579
65. Mayer L.D., Nayar R., Thies R.L., Boman N.L., Cullis P.R., Bally M.B. Identification of vesicle properties that enhance the antitumour activity of liposomal vincristine against murine L1210 leukemia. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 33:1993;17-24
66. Mayer L.D., Tai L.C., Ko D.S., Masin D., Ginsberg R.S., Cullis P.R., Bally M.B. Influence of vesicle size, lipid composition, and drug-to-lipid ratio on the biological activity of liposomal doxorubicin in mice. Cancer Res. 49:1989;5922-5930
67. Melani C., Rivoltini L., Parmiani G., Calabretta B., Colombo M.P. Inhibition of proliferation by c-myb antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in colon adenocarcinoma cell lines that expRes.s c-myb. Cancer Res. 51:1991;2897-2901
68. Millar J.L., Millar B.C., Powles R.L., Steele J.P., Clutterbuck R.D., Mitchell P.L., Cox G., Forssen E., Catovsky D. Liposomal vincristine for the treatment of human acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Br. J. Haematol. 102:1998;718-721
69. Mimms L.T., Zampighi G., Nozaki Y., Tanford C., Reynolds J.A. Phospholipid vesicle formation and transmembrane protein incorporation using octyl glucoside. Biochemistry. 20:1981;833-840
70. Mok K.W., Lam A.M., Cullis P.R. Stabilized plasmid-lipid particles: Factors influencing plasmid entrapment and transfection properties. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1419:1999;137-150
71. Morrison R.S. Suppression of basic fibroblast growth factor expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides inhibits the growth of transformed human astrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;728-734
72. Muggia F.M. Liposomal encapsulated anthracyclines: New therapeutic horizons. Curr. Oncol. Rep. 3:2001;156-162
73. Muindi J.R., Sinha B.K., GiAnni L., Myers C.E. Hydroxyl radical production and DNA damage induced by anthracycline-iron complex. FEBS Lett. 172:1984;226-230
74. Northfelt D.W., Dezube B.J., Thommes J.A., Miller B.J., Fischl M.A., Friedman-Kien A., Kaplan L.D., Du M.C., Mamelok R.D., Henry D.H. Pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: Results of a randomized phase III clinical trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 16:1998;2445-2451
75. Olson F., Hunt C.A., Szoka F.C., Vail W.J., Papahadjopoulos D. Preparation of liposomes of defined size distribution by extrusion through polycarbonate membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 557:1979;9-23
76. Pratt G., Wiles M.E., Rawstron A.C., Davies F.E., Fenton J.A., Proffitt J.A., Child J.A., Smith G.M., Morgan G.J. Liposomal daunorubicin: In vitro and in vivo efficacy in multiple myeloma. Hematol. Oncol. 16:1998;47-55
77. Rottenberg H. The measurement of membrane potential and deltapH in cells, organelles, and vesicles. Methods Enzymol. 55:1979;547-569
78. Saravolac E.G., Ludkovski O., Skirrow R., Ossanlou M., Zhang Y.P., Giesbrecht C., Thompson J., Thomas S., Stark H., Cullis P.R., Scherrer P. Encapsulation of plasmid DNA in stabilized plasmid-lipid particles composed of different cationic lipid concentration for optimal transfection activity. J. Drug Target. 7:2000;423-437
79. Semple S.C., Klimuk S.K., Harasym T.O., Dos S.N., Ansell S.M., Wong K.F., Maurer N., Stark H., Cullis P.R., Hope M.J., Scherrer P. Efficient encapsulation of antisense oligonucleotides in lipid vesicles using ionizable aminolipids: Formation of novel small multilamellar vesicle structures. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1510:2001;152-166
80. Semple S.C., Klimuk S.K., Harasym T.O., Hope M.J. Lipid-based formulations of antisense oligonucleotides for systemic delivery applications. Methods Enzymol. 313:2000;322-341
81. Sessa G., Weissmann G. Phospholipid spherules (liposomes) as a model for biological membranes. J. Lipid Res. 9:1968;310-318
82. Shields A.F., Lange L.M., Zalupski M.M. Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 24:2001;96-98
83. Stein C.A., Cohen J.S. Oligodeoxynucleotides as inhibitors of gene expression: A review. Cancer Res. 48:1988;2659-2668
84. Stuart D.D., Allen T.M. A new liposomal formulation for antisense oligodeoxynucleotides with small size, high incorporation efficiency and good stability. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1463:2000;219-229
85. Stuart D.D., Kao G.Y., Allen T.M. A novel, long-circulating, and functional liposomal formulation of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted against MDR1. Cancer Gene Ther. 7:2000;466-475
86. Szczylik C., Skorski T., Nicolaides N.C., Manzella L., Malaguarnera L., Venturelli D., Gewirtz A.M., Calabretta B. Selective inhibition of leukemia cell proliferation by BCR-ABL antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. Science. 253:1991;562-565
87. Szoka F.C., Papahadjopoulos D. Procedure for preparation of liposomes with large internal aqueous space and high capture by reverse-phase evaporation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 75:1978;4194-4198
88. Tam P., Monck M., Lee D., Ludkovski O., Leng E.C., Clow K., Stark H., Scherrer P., Graham R.W., Cullis P.R. Stabilized plasmid-lipid particles for systemic gene therapy. Gene Ther. 7:2000;1867-1874
89. Tardi P., Choice E., Masin D., Redelmeier T., Bally M., Madden T.D. Liposomal encapsulation of topotecan enhances anticancer efficacy in murine and human xenograft models. Cancer Res. 60:2000;3389-3393
90. Tokudome Y., Oku N., Doi K., Namba Y., Okada S. Antitumor activity of vincristine encapsulated in glucuronide-modified long-circulating liposomes in mice bearing Meth A sarcoma. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1279:1996;70-74
91. Wang S., Lee R.J., Cauchon G., Gorenstein D.G., Low P.S. Delivery of antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides against the human epidermal growth factor receptor into cultured KB cells with liposomes conjugated to folate via polyethylene glycol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92:1995;3318-3322
92. Webb M.S., Harasym T.O., Masin D., Bally M.B., Mayer L.D. Sphingomyelin-cholesterol liposomes significantly enhance the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties of vincristine in murine and human tumour models. Br. J. Cancer. 72:1995;896-904
93. Webb M.S., Logan P., Kanter P.M., St-Onge G., Gelmon K., Harasym T., Mayer L.D., Bally M.B. Preclinical pharmacology, toxicology and efficacy of sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomal vincristine for therapeutic treatment of cancer. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 42:1998a;461-470
94. Webb M.S., Boman N.L., Wiseman D.J., Saxon D., Sutton K., Wong K.F., Logan P., Hope M.J. Antibacterial efficacy against an in vivo Salmonella typhimurium infection model and pharmacokinetics of a liposomal ciprofloxacin formulation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42:1998b;45-52
95. Wheeler J.J., Palmer L., Ossanlou M., MacLachlan I., Graham R.W., Zhang Y.P., Hope M.J., Scherrer P., Cullis P.R. Stabilized plasmid-lipid particles: Construction and characterization. Gene Ther. 6:1999;271-281
96. Wheeler J.J., Veiro J.A., Cullis P.R. Ionophore-mediated loading of Ca2+ into large unilamellar vesicles in response to transmembrane pH gradients. Mol. Membr. Biol. 11:1994;151-157
97. Wickstrom E.L., Bacon T.A., Gonzalez A., Freeman D.L., Lyman G.H., Wickstrom E. Human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell proliferation and c-myc protein expression are inhibited by an antisense pentadecadeoxynucleotide targeted against c-myc mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85:1988;1028-1032
98. Woodle M.C., Newman M.S., Cohen J.A. Sterically stabilized liposomes: Physical and biological properties. J. Drug Target. 2:1994;397-403
99. Zhang Y.P., Sekirov L., Saravolac E.G., Wheeler J.J., Tardi P., Clow K., Leng E., Sun R., Cullis P.R., Scherrer P. Stabilized plasmid-lipid particles for regional gene therapy: Formulation and transfection properties. Gene Ther. 6:1999;1438-1447