메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 118-126

Insulin treatment and cardiovascular disease; friend or foe? A point of view

Author keywords

Cardiovascular diseases; Diabetes mellitus; Hyperinsulinaemia; Insulin therapy; Insulin dependent; Non insulin dependent

Indexed keywords

INSULIN; PLACEBO; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

EID: 13444283628     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01416.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (44)

References (77)
  • 1
    • 0032560807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction
    • Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in nondiabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 229-234.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 229-234
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Lehto, S.2    Ronnemaa, T.3    Pyorala, K.4    Laakso, M.5
  • 2
    • 0023275940 scopus 로고
    • Magnitude and determinants of coronary artery disease in juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Krolewski AS, Kosinski EJ, Warram JH, Leland OS, Busick EJ, Asmal AC et al. Magnitude and determinants of coronary artery disease in juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 1987; 59: 750-755.
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 750-755
    • Krolewski, A.S.1    Kosinski, E.J.2    Warram, J.H.3    Leland, O.S.4    Busick, E.J.5    Asmal, A.C.6
  • 3
    • 0027370108 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 977-986.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 977-986
  • 4
    • 0032511583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)
    • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837-853.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.352 , pp. 837-853
  • 6
    • 0032496876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of excessive weight gain with intensive therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: Results from the DCCT. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Purnell JQ, Hokanson JE, Marcovina SM, Steffes MW, Cleary PA, Brunzell JD. Effect of excessive weight gain with intensive therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial [published erratum appears in JAMA 1998 November 4; 280: 1484] [see comments]. JAMA 1998; 280: 140-146.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 140-146
    • Purnell, J.Q.1    Hokanson, J.E.2    Marcovina, S.M.3    Steffes, M.W.4    Cleary, P.A.5    Brunzell, J.D.6
  • 7
    • 85136426318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [published erratum appears, November 4] [see comments]
    • Purnell JQ, Hokanson JE, Marcovina SM, Steffes MW, Cleary PA, Brunzell JD. Effect of excessive weight gain with intensive therapy of type 1 diabetes on lipid levels and blood pressure: results from the DCCT. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial [published erratum appears in JAMA 1998 November 4; 280: 1484] [see comments]. JAMA 1998; 280: 140-146.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.280 , pp. 1484
  • 8
    • 0025331112 scopus 로고
    • Insulin and atheroma. 20-yr perspective
    • Stout RW. Insulin and atheroma. 20-yr perspective. Diabetes Care 1990; 13: 631-654.
    • (1990) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 631-654
    • Stout, R.W.1
  • 10
    • 0029067658 scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of normalizing fasting glucose with bedtime NPH insulin alone in NIDDM
    • Cusi K, Cunningham GR, Comstock JP. Safety and efficacy of normalizing fasting glucose with bedtime NPH insulin alone in NIDDM. Diabetes Care 1995; 18: 843-851.
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , pp. 843-851
    • Cusi, K.1    Cunningham, G.R.2    Comstock, J.P.3
  • 11
    • 0027389342 scopus 로고
    • Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes. Metabolic effects during a 6-mo outpatient trial
    • Henry RR, Gumbiner B, Ditzler T, Wallace P, Lyon R, Glauber HS. Intensive conventional insulin therapy for type II diabetes. Metabolic effects during a 6-mo outpatient trial. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 21-31.
    • (1993) Diabetes Care , vol.16 , pp. 21-31
    • Henry, R.R.1    Gumbiner, B.2    Ditzler, T.3    Wallace, P.4    Lyon, R.5    Glauber, H.S.6
  • 12
    • 0030743426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic efficacy of preprandial administration of Lys(B28), Pro(B29) human insulin analog in IDDM patients. A comparison with human regular insulin during a three-meal test period
    • Jacobs MA, Keulen ET, Kanc K, Casteleijn S, Scheffer P, Deville W et al. Metabolic efficacy of preprandial administration of Lys(B28), Pro(B29) human insulin analog in IDDM patients. A comparison with human regular insulin during a three-meal test period. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1279-1286.
    • (1997) Diabetes Care , vol.20 , pp. 1279-1286
    • Jacobs, M.A.1    Keulen, E.T.2    Kanc, K.3    Casteleijn, S.4    Scheffer, P.5    Deville, W.6
  • 13
    • 0016582510 scopus 로고
    • Proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in human portal and peripheral blood
    • Horwitz DL, Starr JI, Mako ME, Blackard WG, Rubenstein AH. Proinsulin, insulin, and C-peptide concentrations in human portal and peripheral blood. J Clin Invest 1975; 55: 1278-1283.
    • (1975) J Clin Invest , vol.55 , pp. 1278-1283
    • Horwitz, D.L.1    Starr, J.I.2    Mako, M.E.3    Blackard, W.G.4    Rubenstein, A.H.5
  • 14
    • 0024207394 scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease mortality risk: Plasma insulin level is a more sensitive marker than hypertension or abnormal glucose tolerance in overweight males. The Paris Prospective Study
    • Fontbonne A, Tchobroutsky G, Eschwege E, Richards JL, Claude JR, Rosselin GE. Coronary heart disease mortality risk: plasma insulin level is a more sensitive marker than hypertension or abnormal glucose tolerance in overweight males. The Paris Prospective Study. Int J Obes 1988; 12: 557-565.
    • (1988) Int J Obes , vol.12 , pp. 557-565
    • Fontbonne, A.1    Tchobroutsky, G.2    Eschwege, E.3    Richards, J.L.4    Claude, J.R.5    Rosselin, G.E.6
  • 15
    • 0033867723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma insulin and all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality: The 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study
    • Pyorala M, Miettinen H, Laakso M, Pyorala K. Plasma insulin and all-cause, cardiovascular, and noncardiovascular mortality: the 22-year follow-up results of the Helsinki Policemen Study. Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1097-1102.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 1097-1102
    • Pyorala, M.1    Miettinen, H.2    Laakso, M.3    Pyorala, K.4
  • 16
    • 0018751628 scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality in Busselton with reference to glucose and insulin concentrations
    • Welborn TA, Wearne K. Coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality in Busselton with reference to glucose and insulin concentrations. Diabetes Care 1979; 2: 154-160.
    • (1979) Diabetes Care , vol.2 , pp. 154-160
    • Welborn, T.A.1    Wearne, K.2
  • 17
    • 0022330896 scopus 로고
    • Plasma insulin as coronary heart disease risk factor: Relationship to other risk factors and predictive value during 9 1/2-year follow-up of the Helsinki Policemen Study population
    • Pyorala K, Savolainen E, Kaukola S, Haapakoski J. Plasma insulin as coronary heart disease risk factor: relationship to other risk factors and predictive value during 9 1/2-year follow-up of the Helsinki Policemen Study population. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1985; 701: 38-52.
    • (1985) Acta Med Scand Suppl , vol.701 , pp. 38-52
    • Pyorala, K.1    Savolainen, E.2    Kaukola, S.3    Haapakoski, J.4
  • 18
    • 0026787248 scopus 로고
    • Insulin treatment, endogenous insulin concentration, and ECG abnormalities in diabetic Pima Indians. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses
    • Liu QZ, Knowler WC, Nelson RG, Saad MF, Charles MA, Liebow IM et al. Insulin treatment, endogenous insulin concentration, and ECG abnormalities in diabetic Pima Indians. Cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Diabetes 1992; 41: 1141-1150.
    • (1992) Diabetes , vol.41 , pp. 1141-1150
    • Liu, Q.Z.1    Knowler, W.C.2    Nelson, R.G.3    Saad, M.F.4    Charles, M.A.5    Liebow, I.M.6
  • 20
    • 0028273371 scopus 로고
    • Insulin as a predictor of coronary heart disease: Interaction with apolipoprotein E phenotype. A report from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
    • Orchard TJ, Eichner J, Kuller LH, Becker DJ, McCallum LM, Grandits GA. Insulin as a predictor of coronary heart disease: interaction with apolipoprotein E phenotype. A report from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Ann Epidemiol 1994; 4: 40-45.
    • (1994) Ann Epidemiol , vol.4 , pp. 40-45
    • Orchard, T.J.1    Eichner, J.2    Kuller, L.H.3    Becker, D.J.4    McCallum, L.M.5    Grandits, G.A.6
  • 21
    • 0025905855 scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinaemia as a predictor of coronary heart disease mortality in a healthy population: The Paris Prospective Study, 15-year follow-up
    • Fontbonne A, Charles MA, Thibult N, Richard JL, Claude JR, Warnet JM et al. Hyperinsulinaemia as a predictor of coronary heart disease mortality in a healthy population: the Paris Prospective Study, 15-year follow-up. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 356-361
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 356-361
    • Fontbonne, A.1    Charles, M.A.2    Thibult, N.3    Richard, J.L.4    Claude, J.R.5    Warnet, J.M.6
  • 22
    • 0027761937 scopus 로고
    • Serum insulin and ECG abnormalities suggesting coronary heart disease in the populations of Mauritius and Nauru: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations
    • Collins VR, Dowse GK, Zimmet PZ, Tuomilehto J, Alberti KG, Gareeboo H et al. Serum insulin and ECG abnormalities suggesting coronary heart disease in the populations of Mauritius and Nauru: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. J Clin Epidemiol 1993; 46: 1373-1393.
    • (1993) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.46 , pp. 1373-1393
    • Collins, V.R.1    Dowse, G.K.2    Zimmet, P.Z.3    Tuomilehto, J.4    Alberti, K.G.5    Gareeboo, H.6
  • 23
    • 0026631658 scopus 로고
    • Glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, HDL cholesterol and obesity: 12-Year follow-up and development of coronary heart disease in Edinburgh men
    • Hargreaves AD, Logan RL, Elton RA, Buchanan KD, Oliver MF, Riemersma RA. Glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, HDL cholesterol and obesity: 12-year follow-up and development of coronary heart disease in Edinburgh men. Atherosclerosis 1992; 94: 51-69.
    • (1992) Atherosclerosis , vol.94 , pp. 51-69
    • Hargreaves, A.D.1    Logan, R.L.2    Elton, R.A.3    Buchanan, K.D.4    Oliver, M.F.5    Riemersma, R.A.6
  • 24
    • 0028819508 scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemic microalbuminuria. A new risk indicator for coronary heart disease
    • Kuusisto J, Mykkanen L, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Hyperinsulinemic microalbuminuria. A new risk indicator for coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995; 91: 831-837.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 831-837
    • Kuusisto, J.1    Mykkanen, L.2    Pyorala, K.3    Laakso, M.4
  • 25
    • 0029085971 scopus 로고
    • Fasting serum insulin levels and coronary heart disease in a Danish cohort: 17-year follow-up
    • Moller LF, Jespersen J. Fasting serum insulin levels and coronary heart disease in a Danish cohort: 17-year follow-up. J Cardiovasc Risk 1995; 2: 235-240.
    • (1995) J Cardiovasc Risk , vol.2 , pp. 235-240
    • Moller, L.F.1    Jespersen, J.2
  • 27
    • 0036046668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: The current status on definition and intervention
    • Unwin N, Shaw J, Zimmet P, Alberti KG. Impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glycaemia: the current status on definition and intervention. Diabet Med 2002; 19: 708-723.
    • (2002) Diabet Med , vol.19 , pp. 708-723
    • Unwin, N.1    Shaw, J.2    Zimmet, P.3    Alberti, K.G.4
  • 28
    • 0032879262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy
    • Laight DW, Carrier MJ, Anggard EE. Endothelial cell dysfunction and the pathogenesis of diabetic macroangiopathy. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 1999; 15: 274-282.
    • (1999) Diabetes Metab Res Rev , vol.15 , pp. 274-282
    • Laight, D.W.1    Carrier, M.J.2    Anggard, E.E.3
  • 29
    • 0032409638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monocytes/macrophages in atherosclerosis
    • Plenz G, Robenek H. Monocytes/macrophages in atherosclerosis. Eur Cytokine Netw 1998; 9: 701-703.
    • (1998) Eur Cytokine Netw , vol.9 , pp. 701-703
    • Plenz, G.1    Robenek, H.2
  • 30
    • 0033950472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin on human aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase
    • Aljada A, Dandona P. Effect of insulin on human aortic endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Metabolism 2000; 49: 147-150.
    • (2000) Metabolism , vol.49 , pp. 147-150
    • Aljada, A.1    Dandona, P.2
  • 31
    • 0029789432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-stimulated production of nitric oxide is inhibited by wortmannin. Direct measurement in vascular endothelial cells
    • Zeng G, Quon MJ. Insulin-stimulated production of nitric oxide is inhibited by wortmannin. Direct measurement in vascular endothelial cells. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 894-898.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 894-898
    • Zeng, G.1    Quon, M.J.2
  • 32
    • 0034746443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin inhibits NF-kappaB and MCP-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells
    • Aljada A, Ghanim H, Saadeh R, Dandona P. Insulin inhibits NF-kappaB and MCP-1 expression in human aortic endothelial cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 450-453.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 450-453
    • Aljada, A.1    Ghanim, H.2    Saadeh, R.3    Dandona, P.4
  • 33
    • 0034456622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin inhibits the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by human aortic endothelial cells through stimulation of nitric oxide
    • Aljada A, Saadeh R, Assian E, Ghanim H, Dandona P. Insulin inhibits the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 by human aortic endothelial cells through stimulation of nitric oxide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2572-2575.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 2572-2575
    • Aljada, A.1    Saadeh, R.2    Assian, E.3    Ghanim, H.4    Dandona, P.5
  • 34
    • 0026088465 scopus 로고
    • Effect of glucose and insulin on immunoreactive endothelin-1 release from cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells
    • Hattori Y, Kasai K, Nakamura T, Emoto T, Shimoda S. Effect of glucose and insulin on immunoreactive endothelin-1 release from cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells. Metabolism 1991; 40: 165-169.
    • (1991) Metabolism , vol.40 , pp. 165-169
    • Hattori, Y.1    Kasai, K.2    Nakamura, T.3    Emoto, T.4    Shimoda, S.5
  • 35
    • 0033536236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin signaling in the arterial wall
    • Hsueh WA, Law RE. Insulin signaling in the arterial wall. Am J Cardiol 1999; 84: 21J-24J.
    • (1999) Am J Cardiol , vol.84
    • Hsueh, W.A.1    Law, R.E.2
  • 36
    • 0014955053 scopus 로고
    • Development of vascular lesions in insulin-treated animals fed a normal diet
    • Stout RW. Development of vascular lesions in insulin-treated animals fed a normal diet. Br Med J 1970; 3: 685-687.
    • (1970) Br Med J , vol.3 , pp. 685-687
    • Stout, R.W.1
  • 37
    • 0015797932 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of arterial disease and glucagon metabolism in insulin-treated chickens
    • Stout RW, Buchanan KD, Vallance-Owen J. The relationship of arterial disease and glucagon metabolism in insulin-treated chickens. Atherosclerosis 1973; 18: 153-162.
    • (1973) Atherosclerosis , vol.18 , pp. 153-162
    • Stout, R.W.1    Buchanan, K.D.2    Vallance-Owen, J.3
  • 38
    • 0031002083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exogenous hyperinsulinaemia on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits
    • Nordestgaard BG, Agerholm-Larsen B, Stender S. Effect of exogenous hyperinsulinaemia on atherogenesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Diabetologia 1997; 40: 512-520.
    • (1997) Diabetologia , vol.40 , pp. 512-520
    • Nordestgaard, B.G.1    Agerholm-Larsen, B.2    Stender, S.3
  • 39
    • 0000711218 scopus 로고
    • Influence of massive doses of insulin on peripheral blood flow in man
    • Abramson DI, Schkloven N, Margolis MN, Mirsky IA. Influence of massive doses of insulin on peripheral blood flow in man. Am J Physiol 1939; 128: 124-132.
    • (1939) Am J Physiol , vol.128 , pp. 124-132
    • Abramson, D.I.1    Schkloven, N.2    Margolis, M.N.3    Mirsky, I.A.4
  • 41
    • 0028030813 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation is nitric oxide dependent. A novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release
    • Steinberg HO, Brechtel G, Johnson A, Fineberg N, Baron AD. Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilation is nitric oxide dependent. A novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release. J Clin Invest 1994; 94: 1172-1179.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 1172-1179
    • Steinberg, H.O.1    Brechtel, G.2    Johnson, A.3    Fineberg, N.4    Baron, A.D.5
  • 42
    • 0025292440 scopus 로고
    • Decreased effect of insulin to stimulate skeletal muscle blood flow in obese man. A novel mechanism for insulin resistance
    • Laakso M, Edelman SV, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Decreased effect of insulin to stimulate skeletal muscle blood flow in obese man. A novel mechanism for insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 1844-1852.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.85 , pp. 1844-1852
    • Laakso, M.1    Edelman, S.V.2    Brechtel, G.3    Baron, A.D.4
  • 43
    • 0036597085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-inflammatory and potential anti-atherogenic effect of insulin: A new paradigm
    • Dandona P, Aljada A, Mohanty P. The anti-inflammatory and potential anti-atherogenic effect of insulin: a new paradigm. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 924-930.
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 924-930
    • Dandona, P.1    Aljada, A.2    Mohanty, P.3
  • 44
    • 0034915177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin inhibits intranuclear nuclear factor kappaB and stimulates IkappaB in mononuclear cells in obese subjects: Evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect?
    • Dandona P, Aljada A, Mohanty P, Ghanim H, Hamouda W, Assian E et al. Insulin inhibits intranuclear nuclear factor kappaB and stimulates IkappaB in mononuclear cells in obese subjects: evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 3257-3265.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 3257-3265
    • Dandona, P.1    Aljada, A.2    Mohanty, P.3    Ghanim, H.4    Hamouda, W.5    Assian, E.6
  • 45
    • 0019483909 scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin and glucose infusions on sympathetic nervous system activity in normal man
    • Rowe JW, Young JB, Minaker KL, Stevens AL, Pallotta J, Landsberg L. Effect of insulin and glucose infusions on sympathetic nervous system activity in normal man. Diabetes 1981; 30: 219-225.
    • (1981) Diabetes , vol.30 , pp. 219-225
    • Rowe, J.W.1    Young, J.B.2    Minaker, K.L.3    Stevens, A.L.4    Pallotta, J.5    Landsberg, L.6
  • 46
    • 0026722182 scopus 로고
    • The sympathetic response to euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia. Evidence from microelectrode nerve recordings in healthy subjects
    • Berne C, Fagius J, Pollare T, Hjemdahl P. The sympathetic response to euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia. Evidence from microelectrode nerve recordings in healthy subjects. Diabetologia 1992; 35: 873-879.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 873-879
    • Berne, C.1    Fagius, J.2    Pollare, T.3    Hjemdahl, P.4
  • 47
    • 0028284647 scopus 로고
    • Impaired insulin-induced sympathetic neural activation and vasodilation in skeletal muscle in obese humans
    • Vollenweider P, Randin D, Tappy L, Jequier E, Nicod P, Scherrer U. Impaired insulin-induced sympathetic neural activation and vasodilation in skeletal muscle in obese humans. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 2365-2371.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 2365-2371
    • Vollenweider, P.1    Randin, D.2    Tappy, L.3    Jequier, E.4    Nicod, P.5    Scherrer, U.6
  • 48
    • 0030686447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin as a vascular and sympathoexcitatory hormone: Implications for blood pressure regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular morbidity
    • Scherrer U, Sartori C. Insulin as a vascular and sympathoexcitatory hormone: implications for blood pressure regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular morbidity. Circulation 1997; 96: 4104-4113.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 4104-4113
    • Scherrer, U.1    Sartori, C.2
  • 50
    • 0037022206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin causes endothelial dysfunction in humans: Sites and mechanisms
    • Arcaro G, Cretti A, Balzano S, Lechi A, Muggeo M, Bonora E et al. Insulin causes endothelial dysfunction in humans: sites and mechanisms. Circulation 2002; 105: 576-582.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 576-582
    • Arcaro, G.1    Cretti, A.2    Balzano, S.3    Lechi, A.4    Muggeo, M.5    Bonora, E.6
  • 51
    • 0035572898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE genotype and endothelium-dependent vasodilation of conduit arteries and forearm microcirculation in humans
    • Arcaro G, Solini A, Monauni T, Cretti A, Brunato B, Lechi A et al. ACE genotype and endothelium-dependent vasodilation of conduit arteries and forearm microcirculation in humans. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2001; 21: 1313-1319.
    • (2001) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1313-1319
    • Arcaro, G.1    Solini, A.2    Monauni, T.3    Cretti, A.4    Brunato, B.5    Lechi, A.6
  • 52
    • 0027717263 scopus 로고
    • Absence of clinically overt atherosclerotic vascular disease and adverse changes in cardiovascular risk factors in 70 patients with insulinoma
    • Leonetti F, Iozzo P, Giaccari A, Sbraccia P, Buongiorno A, Tamburrano G et al. Absence of clinically overt atherosclerotic vascular disease and adverse changes in cardiovascular risk factors in 70 patients with insulinoma. J Endocrinol Invest 1993; 16: 875-880.
    • (1993) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.16 , pp. 875-880
    • Leonetti, F.1    Iozzo, P.2    Giaccari, A.3    Sbraccia, P.4    Buongiorno, A.5    Tamburrano, G.6
  • 53
    • 0037434599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding the divergent data on postmenopausal hormone therapy
    • Grodstein F, Clarkson TB, Manson JE. Understanding the divergent data on postmenopausal hormone therapy. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 645-650.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 645-650
    • Grodstein, F.1    Clarkson, T.B.2    Manson, J.E.3
  • 54
    • 0037986208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive diabetes therapy and carotid intima-media thickness in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Nathan DM, Lachin J, Cleary P, Orchard T, Brillon DJ, Backlund JY et al. Intensive diabetes therapy and carotid intima-media thickness in type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2294-2303.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 2294-2303
    • Nathan, D.M.1    Lachin, J.2    Cleary, P.3    Orchard, T.4    Brillon, D.J.5    Backlund, J.Y.6
  • 55
    • 0028940198 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive diabetes management on macrovascular events and risk factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
    • Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Effect of intensive diabetes management on macrovascular events and risk factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 894-903.
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75 , pp. 894-903
  • 56
    • 0026556693 scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose concentrations and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The seven year results of the Oslo study
    • Brinchmann-Hansen O, Dahl-Jorgensen K, Sandvik L, Hanssen KF. Blood glucose concentrations and progression of diabetic retinopathy. The seven year results of the Oslo study. BMJ 1992; 304: 19-22.
    • (1992) BMJ , vol.304 , pp. 19-22
    • Brinchmann-Hansen, O.1    Dahl-Jorgensen, K.2    Sandvik, L.3    Hanssen, K.F.4
  • 57
    • 0026027801 scopus 로고
    • Effect of improved metabolic control on loss of kidney function in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: An update of the Steno studies
    • Feldt-Rasmussen B, Mathiesen ER, Jensen T, Lauritzen T, Deckert T. Effect of improved metabolic control on loss of kidney function in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: an update of the Steno studies. Diabetologia 1991; 34: 164-170.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 164-170
    • Feldt-Rasmussen, B.1    Mathiesen, E.R.2    Jensen, T.3    Lauritzen, T.4    Deckert, T.5
  • 58
    • 0020663112 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of deterioration of renal and sensory-nerve function by more intensive management of insulin-dependent diabetic patients. A two-year randomised prospective study
    • Holman RR, Dornan TL, Mayon-White V, Howard-Williams J, Orde-Peckar C, Jenkins L et al. Prevention of deterioration of renal and sensory-nerve function by more intensive management of insulin-dependent diabetic patients. A two-year randomised prospective study. Lancet 1983; 1: 204-208.
    • (1983) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 204-208
    • Holman, R.R.1    Dornan, T.L.2    Mayon-White, V.3    Howard-Williams, J.4    Orde-Peckar, C.5    Jenkins, L.6
  • 59
    • 0032972729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive therapy on early macrovascular disease in young individuals with type 1 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Lawson ML, Gerstein HC, Tsui E, Zinman B. Effect of intensive therapy on early macrovascular disease in young individuals with type 1 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 1999; 22: B35-B39.
    • (1999) Diabetes Care , vol.22
    • Lawson, M.L.1    Gerstein, H.C.2    Tsui, E.3    Zinman, B.4
  • 60
    • 0027952951 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and treatment side-effects during long-term intensified conventional insulin treatment in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study
    • Reichard P, Pihl M. Mortality and treatment side-effects during long-term intensified conventional insulin treatment in the Stockholm Diabetes Intervention Study. Diabetes 1994; 43: 313-317.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 313-317
    • Reichard, P.1    Pihl, M.2
  • 61
    • 0020418923 scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. VIII. Evaluation of insulin therapy: Final report
    • Effects of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. VIII. Evaluation of insulin therapy: final report. Diabetes 1982; 31 (Suppl. 1): S1-81.
    • (1982) Diabetes , vol.31 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 62
    • 0031018291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular events and correlates in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Feasibility Trial. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in Type II Diabetes
    • Abraira C, Colwell J, Nuttall F, Sawin CT, Henderson W, Comstock JP et al. Cardiovascular events and correlates in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Feasibility Trial. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in Type II Diabetes. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 181-188.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 181-188
    • Abraira, C.1    Colwell, J.2    Nuttall, F.3    Sawin, C.T.4    Henderson, W.5    Comstock, J.P.6
  • 63
    • 0029069020 scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): Effects on mortality at 1 year
    • Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S, Herlitz J, Nicol P, Waldenstrom A et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 26: 57-65.
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , pp. 57-65
    • Malmberg, K.1    Ryden, L.2    Efendic, S.3    Herlitz, J.4    Nicol, P.5    Waldenstrom, A.6
  • 64
    • 0033602795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycometabolic state at admission: Important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction, long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study
    • Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, Ryden L. Glycometabolic state at admission: important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction, long-term results from the Diabetes and Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI) study. Circulation 1999; 99: 2626-2632.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 2626-2632
    • Malmberg, K.1    Norhammar, A.2    Wedel, H.3    Ryden, L.4
  • 65
    • 0036224167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-dependent vasodilating effects of insulin on adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow
    • Sundell J, Nuutila P, Laine H, Luotolahti M, Kalliokoski K, Raitakari O et al. Dose-dependent vasodilating effects of insulin on adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow. Diabetes 2002; 51: 1125-1130.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 1125-1130
    • Sundell, J.1    Nuutila, P.2    Laine, H.3    Luotolahti, M.4    Kalliokoski, K.5    Raitakari, O.6
  • 66
    • 0020034401 scopus 로고
    • Free and total insulin integrated concentrations in insulin dependent diabetes
    • Hayford JT, Thompson RG. Free and total insulin integrated concentrations in insulin dependent diabetes. Metabolism 1982; 31: 387-397.
    • (1982) Metabolism , vol.31 , pp. 387-397
    • Hayford, J.T.1    Thompson, R.G.2
  • 67
    • 0019133632 scopus 로고
    • Control of blood sugar in insulin-dependent diabetes: Comparison of an artificial endocrine pancreas, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and intensified conventional insulin therapy
    • Rizza RA, Gerich JE, Haymond MW, Westland RE, Hall LD, Clemens AH et al. Control of blood sugar in insulin-dependent diabetes: comparison of an artificial endocrine pancreas, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and intensified conventional insulin therapy. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1313-1318.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 1313-1318
    • Rizza, R.A.1    Gerich, J.E.2    Haymond, M.W.3    Westland, R.E.4    Hall, L.D.5    Clemens, A.H.6
  • 68
    • 0027972684 scopus 로고
    • [Lys (B28), Pro (B29)]-human insulin. A rapidly absorbed analogue of human insulin
    • Howey DC, Bowsher RR, Brunelle RL, Woodworth JR. [Lys (B28), Pro (B29)]-human insulin. A rapidly absorbed analogue of human insulin. Diabetes 1994; 43: 396-402.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 396-402
    • Howey, D.C.1    Bowsher, R.R.2    Brunelle, R.L.3    Woodworth, J.R.4
  • 69
    • 0030731208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confounding and indication for treatment in evaluation of drug treatment for hypertension
    • Grobbee DE, Hoes AW. Confounding and indication for treatment in evaluation of drug treatment for hypertension. BMJ 1997; 315: 1151-1154.
    • (1997) BMJ , vol.315 , pp. 1151-1154
    • Grobbee, D.E.1    Hoes, A.W.2
  • 70
    • 0033047378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on carotid artery wall thickness in the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications
    • Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Research Group. Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on carotid artery wall thickness in the epidemiology of diabetes interventions and complications. Diabetes 1999; 48: 383-390.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 383-390
  • 71
    • 0025373390 scopus 로고
    • Low incidence of fatal coronary heart disease in Pima Indians despite high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    • Nelson RG, Sievers ML, Knowler WC, Swinburn BA, Pettitt DJ, Saad MF et al. Low incidence of fatal coronary heart disease in Pima Indians despite high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Circulation 1990; 81: 987-995.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 987-995
    • Nelson, R.G.1    Sievers, M.L.2    Knowler, W.C.3    Swinburn, B.A.4    Pettitt, D.J.5    Saad, M.F.6
  • 72
    • 0023217851 scopus 로고
    • Daily insulin dose as a predictor of macrovascular disease in insulin treated non-insulin-dependent diabetics
    • Janka HU, Ziegler AG, Standl E, Mehnert H. Daily insulin dose as a predictor of macrovascular disease in insulin treated non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Diabetes Metab 1987; 13: 359-364.
    • (1987) Diabetes Metab , vol.13 , pp. 359-364
    • Janka, H.U.1    Ziegler, A.G.2    Standl, E.3    Mehnert, H.4
  • 74
    • 0035458604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors
    • Nichols GA, Hillier TA, Erbey JR, Brown JB. Congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: prevalence, incidence, and risk factors. Diabetes Care 2001; 24: 1614-1619.
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , pp. 1614-1619
    • Nichols, G.A.1    Hillier, T.A.2    Erbey, J.R.3    Brown, J.B.4
  • 75
    • 0033026106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of glycaemic control, hypertension and insulin treatment on general and cause-specific mortality: An Italian population-based cohort of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Bruno G, Merletti F, Boffetta P, Cavallo-Perin P, Bargero G, Gallone G et al. Impact of glycaemic control, hypertension and insulin treatment on general and cause-specific mortality: an Italian population-based cohort of type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 297-301.
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , pp. 297-301
    • Bruno, G.1    Merletti, F.2    Boffetta, P.3    Cavallo-Perin, P.4    Bargero, G.5    Gallone, G.6
  • 76
    • 0034682644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nontraditional risk factors for coronary heart disease incidence among persons with diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
    • Saito I, Folsom AR, Brancati FL, Duncan BB, Chambless LE, McGovern PG. Nontraditional risk factors for coronary heart disease incidence among persons with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Ann Intern Med 2000; 133: 81-91.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.133 , pp. 81-91
    • Saito, I.1    Folsom, A.R.2    Brancati, F.L.3    Duncan, B.B.4    Chambless, L.E.5    McGovern, P.G.6
  • 77
    • 0032693412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: Implications of the Veterans affairs (VA CSDM) feasibility trial
    • Abraira C, McGuire DK. Intensive insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: implications of the Veterans affairs (VA CSDM) feasibility trial. Am Heart J 1999; 138: S360-S365.
    • (1999) Am Heart J , vol.138
    • Abraira, C.1    McGuire, D.K.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.