Growth and exercise in health and disease - What every paediatrician needs to know

Paediatric Respiratory Reviews

Volumn 5, Issue SUPPL. A, 2004, Pages

  Eliakim, Alon ^a  

^a MEIR MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ANTIASTHMATIC AGENT; ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENT; CARBOXY TERMINAL TELOPEPTIDE; GROWTH HORMONE; GROWTH HORMONE BINDING PROTEIN; INSULIN; OSTEOCALCIN; SEX HORMONE; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 2; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN 3; SOMATOMEDIN C; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE BONE ISOENZYME; GROWTH FACTOR;

ARTICLE; ASTHMA; BIOSYNTHESIS; BONE DENSITY; BONE DEVELOPMENT; CHILD; CHILD DEVELOPMENT; CHILD GROWTH; CHRONIC DISEASE; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; ENDURANCE; EXERCISE; HABITUAL ADAPTATION; HORMONAL REGULATION; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OSSIFICATION; OSTEOPENIA; OSTEOPOROSIS; PEDIATRICS; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPORT; TRAINING; BIRTH WEIGHT; BONE MASS; BONE MINERAL; BONE TURNOVER; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENERGY EXPENDITURE; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; LUNG DYSPLASIA; MALE; MUSCLE MASS; MUSCLE STRENGTH; PHOTON ABSORPTIOMETRY; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PREMATURITY; REVIEW;

EID: 1342287081     PISSN: 15260542     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1526-0542(04)90001-2     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Leblanc AD, Schneider VS, Evans HJ, Engelbretson DA, Krebs JM. Bone mineral loss and recovery after 17 weeks of bed rest. J Bone Miner Res 1990; 5: 843-850.
2. Theintz GE, Howald H, Weiss U, Sizonenko PC. Evidence for a reduction of growth potential in adolescent female gymnasts. J Pediatr 1993; 122: 306-313.
3. Eliakim A, Brasel JA, Mohan S, Barstow TJ, Berman N, Cooper DM. Physical fitness, endurance training, and the GH-IGF-I system in adolescent females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996; 81: 3986-3992.
4. Kelley PJ, Eisman JA, Stuart MC, Pocock NA, Sambrook PN, Gwinn TH. Somatomedin-c, physical fitness, and bone density. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 718-723.
5. Poehlman ET, Copeland KC. Influence of physical activity on insulin-like growth factor-I in healthy younger and older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 71: 1468-1471.
6. Weltman A, Weltman JY, Hartman NL, Abbot RD, Rogol AD, Evans WS, Veldhuis JD. Relationship between age, percentage body fat, fitness, and 24-hour growth hormone release in healthy young adults: effects of gender. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 78: 543-548.
7. Eliakim A, Brasel JA, Mohan S, Wong WLT, Cooper DM. Increased physical activity and the growth hormone-IGF-I axis in adolescent males. Am J Physiol 1998; 275: R308-R314.
8. Eliakim A, Scheett TP, Newcomb R, Mohan S, Cooper DM. Fitnes, training, and the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in prepubertal girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 2797-2802.
9. Smith WJ, Underwood LE, Clemmons DR. Effects of caloric and protein restriction on insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding proteins in children and adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 443-449.
10. Koziris LP, Hickson RC, Chatterton RT, Groseth RT, Christie JM, Goldflies DG, Unterman TG. Serum levels of total and free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased and maintained in long term training. J Appl Physiol 1999; 86: 1436-1442.
11. Weltman A, Weltman JY, Schurrer R, Evans WS, Veldhuis JD, Rogol AD. Endurance training amplifies the pulsatile release of growth hormone: effects of training intensity. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72: 2188-2196.
12. Yan Z, Biggs RB, Booth FW. Insulin-like growth factor immunoreactivity increases in muscles after acute eccentric contractions. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74: 410-414.
13. Eliakim A, Moromisato MY, Moromisato DY, Brasel JA, Roberts C Jr, Cooper DM. Increase in muscle IGF-I protein but not IGF-I mRNA after five days of endurance training in young rats. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: R1557-R1561.
14. Zanconato S, Moromisato DY, Moromisato MY, Woods J, Brasel JA, LeRoith D, Cooper DM. Effects of training and growth hormone suppression on insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in young rats. J Appl Physiol 1994; 76: 2204-2209.
15. Moromisato DY, Moromisato MY, Zanconato S, Roberts CT Jr, Cooper DM. Effect of hypoxia on lung, heart, and liver insulin-like growth factor-I gene and receptor expression in the newborn rat. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 919-924.
16. Johansen JS, Giwercman A, Hartwell D, Nielsen CT, Price PA, Christiansen C, Skakkebaek NE. Serum bone GLA protein as a marker of bone growth in children and adolescents: Correlation with age, height, serum insulin-like growth factor-I and serum testosterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 273-278.
17. Glastre C, Braillon P, David L, Cochat P, Meunier PJ, Delmas PD. Measurement of bone mineral content of the lumbar spine by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in normal children: correlations with growth parameters. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 70: 1330-1333.
18. Marcus R. Mechanisms of exercise effects on bone. In: Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, Rodan GA, eds, Principles of Bone Biology, 1st Edition. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1996: 1135-1146.
19. Mazess RB, Barden HS. Bone density in premenopausal women: effects of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, and birth control pills. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 132-142.
20. Suominen H, Rahkila P. Bone mineral density of the calcaneus in 70 to 81-yr-old male athletes and a population sample. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1991; 23: 1227-1233.
21. Sowers M, Clark K, Wallace R, Jannausch M, Lemke J. Prospective study of radial bone mineral density in a geographically defined population of postmenopausal Caucasian women. Calcif Tissue Int 1991; 48: 232-239.
22. Slemenda CW, Miller JZ, Hui SL, Reister TK, Johnston CC. Role of physical activity in the development of skeletal mass in children. J Bone Mineral Res 1991; 6: 1227-1233.
23. Ruiz JC, Mandel C, Garabedian M. Influence of spontaneous calcium intake and physical exercise on the vertebral and femoral bone mineral density of children and adolescents. J Bone Mineral Res 1995; 10: 675-682.
24. Recker RR, Davies KM, Hinders SM, Heaney RP, Stegmen MR, Kimmel DB. Bone gain in young adult women. JAMA 1992; 268: 2403-2408.
25. Delmas PD. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. Acta Orthopaedica Scand Suppl 1995; 266: 176-182.
26. Eliakim A, Raisz LG, Brasel JA, Cooper DM. Evidence for increased bone formation following a brief endurance-type training intervention in adolescent males. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12: 1708-1712.
27. Morris FL, Naughton GA, Gibbs JL, Carlson JS, Wark JD. Prospective 10-month exercise intervention in pre menarchal girls: positive effects on bone and lean mass. J Bone Miner Res 1997; 12: 1453-1462.
28. Bradney M, Pearce G, Naughton G, Sullivan C, Bass S, Beck T, Carlson J, Seeman E. Moderate exercise during growth in prepubertal boys: changes in bone mass, size, volumetric density, and bone strength: a controlled prospective study. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 13: 1814-1821.
29. McKay HA, Petit MA, Schutz RW, Prior JC, Barr SI, Khan KM. Augmented trochanteric bone mineral density after modified physical education classes: a randomized school-based exercise intervention study in prepubescent and early pubescent children. J Pediatr 2000; 136: 156-162.
30. Drinkwater BL, Nilson K, Chesnut CH, Bremner WJ, Shainholtz S, Southworth MB. Bone mineral content of amenorrheic and eumenorrheic athletes. New Eng J Med 1984; 311: 277-281.
31. Warren MP, Brooks-Gunn J, Fox RP, Lancelot C, Newman D, Hamilton WG. Lack of bone accretion and amenorrhea: evidence for a relative osteopenia in weight-bearing bones. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991; 72: 847-853.
32. Constantini NW. Clinical consequences of athletic amenorrhoea. Sport Med 1994; 17: 213-223.
33. Loucks AB, Mortola JF, Girton L, Yen SSC. Alteration in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes in athletic women. J Clin Metab Endocrinol 1989; 68: 402-411.
34. Loucks AB, Horvath SM. Athletic amenorrhea: a review. Med Sci Sport Exer 1985; 17: 56-72.
35. DeSchepper J, Smitz J, Dab I, Piepsz A, Jonckheer M, Bergmann P. Low serum bone gamma carboxyglutamic acid protein concentration in patients with cystic fibrosis: correlation with hormonal parameters and bone mineral density. Horm Res 1993; 39: 197-201.
36. Grey AB, Ames RW, Metthews RD, Reid IR. Bone mineral density and body composition in adult patients with cystic fibrosis. Thorax 1993; 48: 589-593.
37. Baroncelli GI, De luca F, Magazzu G, Arrigo T, Sferlazzas C, Catena C, Bertelloni S, Saggese G. Bone demineralization in cystic fibrosis: evidence of imbalance between bone formation and degradation. Pediatr Res 1997; 41: 397-403.
38. Salamoni F, Roulet M, Gudinchet F, Pilet M, Thiebaud D, Burckhardt F. Bone mineral content in cystic fibrosis patients: correlation with fat free mass. Arch Dis Child 1996; 74: 314-318.
39. Orenstein DM. Cystic fibrosis. In: Goldberg B., ed., Sports and Exercise for Children with Chronic Health Conditions. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995: 168-186.
40. Forbes GB. Calcium accumulated by the human fetus. Pediatrics 1976; 57: 976-977.
41. Ziegler EE, O'Donnell AM, Nelson SE, Fomon SJ. Body composition of the reference fetus. Growth 1976; 40: 329-341.
42. Callenbach JC, Sheehan MB, Abramson SJ, Hall RT. Etiologic factors in rickets of very low birth-weight infants. J Pediatr 1981; 98: 800-805.
43. James JR, Condon PJ, Truscott J, Horsman A, Arthur R. Osteopenia of prematurity. Arch Dis Child 1986; 61: 871-876.
44. Demarini D, Mimouni FB, Tsang RC. Rickets of prematurity. In: Fanaroff AA, Martin RJ. Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine - Diseases of the Fetus and Infant. St Louis: Mosby, 1997: 1473-1476.
45. Moyer-Mileur L, Leutkermeler M, Boomer L, Chan GM. Effect of physical activity on bone mineralization in premature infants. J Pediatr 1995; 127: 620-625.
46. Nemet D, Dolfin T, Litmanowitz I, Shainkin-Kestenbaum R, Lis M, Eliakim A. Evidence for exercise induced bone formation in premature infants. Int J Sport Med. In press.
47. Pierson WE, Voy RO. Exercise induced bronchospasm in the XXIII summer Olympic games. N Engl Reg Allergy Proc 1988; 9: 209-213.
48. Nemet D, Wolach B, Yacobovich J, Eliakim A. Exercise in childhood asthma - provoking agent, diagnostic tool, and therapeutic measure. Isr Med Assoc J 2000; 2: 99-103.
49. Orenstein DM. Asthma and sports. In: Bar-Or O, ed., The Child and Adolescent Athlete. Cambridge, UK: Blackwell Science, 1996: 433-454.
50. Cochrane LM, Clark CJ. Benefits and problems of a physical training program for asthmatic patients. Thorax 1990; 45: 345-351.
51. Cypcar D, Lemenske RF Jr. Exercise-induced asthma. In: Goldberg B, ed., Sports and Exercise for Children with Chronic Health Conditions. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995: 149-166.
52. Annuzi G, Riccardi G, Capaldo B, Kaijser L. Increased insulin stimulated glucose uptake by exercise in human muscles one day after prolonged physical exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 1991; 21: 6-12.
53. Burstein R, Polychronakos C, Toews CG, MacDougall JD, Guyda HJ, Posner BI. Acute reversal of the enhanced insulin action in trained athletes: association with insulin receptor changes. Diabetes 1985; 34: 756-760.
54. Yki-Jarvinen H, Koivisto VA. Effects of body composition on insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 1983; 32: 965-968.
55. Etgen JG, Jensen J, Wilson CM, Hunt DG, Cushman SW, Ivy JL. Exercise training reverses insulin resistance in muscles by enhanced recruitment of GLUT 4 to cell surface. Am J Physiol 1997; 272: 385-389.
56. Bogardus C, Thuillez P, Ravussin E, Vasquez B, Narimiga M, Azhar S. Effect of muscle glycogen depletion on in vitro insulin action in man. J Clin Invest 1983; 72: 1605-1610.
57. Coggan AR. Plasma glucose metabolism during exercise: effect of endurance training in humans. Med Sci Sports Exer 1997; 29: 620-627.
58. Ostin A, Warthy V, Janoski J, Arslanian S. The relationship of physical fitness to lipid and lipoprotein (A) levels in adolescents with IDDM. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 421-425.
59. Horton ES. Diabetes mellitus. In: Goldberg B, ed., Sports and Exercise for Children With Chronic Health Conditions. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1995: 355-373.
60. Henderson CJ, Lovell DJ, Specker BL, Champaigne BN. Physical activity in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis; quantification and evaluation. Arthritis Care Res 1995; 8: 114-119.
61. Malleson PN, Bennett SM, MacKinnon, Jespersen DK, Coutts KD, Turner SP, Mckenzie DL. Physical fitness and its relationship to other indices of health status in children with chronic arthritis. J Rheumatol 1996; 23: 1059-1065.
62. Van den Ende CH, Hazes JM, Le-Cessie S, Mulder WJ, Belfor DG, Breedvelt FC, Dijkmans BA. Comparison of high and low intensity training in well-controlled rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheumatol Dis 1996; 55: 798-805.
63. Neuberger GB, Press AN, Lindsley HB, Hinton R, Cagle PE, Carlson K, Scott S, Dahl J, Kramer B. Effects of exercise on fatigue, aerobic fitness, and disease activity measures in persons with rheumatoid arthritis. Res Nurs Health 1997; 29: 195-204.
64. Kirchheimer JC, Wanivenhous A, Engel A. Does sport negatively influence joint scores in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis? An 8 year prospective study. Rheumatol Int 1993; 12: 239-242.
65. Cassidy JT, Hillman LS. Abnormalities in skeletal growth in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1997; 23: 499-522.
66. Hall J, Skevington SM, Maddison PJ, Chapman K. A randomized and controlled trial of hydrotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1996; 9: 206-215.
67. Namey TC. Adaptive bicycling. Rheum Did Clin North Am 1990; 16: 871-886.
68. Perlman SG, Connell KJ, Clark A, Robinson MS, Conlon P, Gecht M, Caldron P, Sinacore JM. Dance-based aerobic exercise for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res 1990; 3: 29-33.