Leader self-sacrifice and leadership effectiveness: The moderating role of leader prototypicality

Journal of Applied Psychology

Volumn 90, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 25-37

  Van Knippenberg, Barbara ^a,d   Van Knippenberg, Daan ^b,c  

^a VU UNIVERSITY AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c ERASMUS UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^d VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALTRUISM; FEMALE; GROUP PROCESS; HUMAN; LEADERSHIP; MALE; PERSONALITY; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; PSYCHOMETRY; RANDOMIZATION; REVIEW; SELF CONCEPT; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ALTRUISM; FEMALE; GROUP PROCESSES; HUMANS; LEADERSHIP; MALE; PERSONALITY; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; PSYCHOMETRICS; RANDOM ALLOCATION; SELF CONCEPT; TASK PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS;

EID: 12944289547     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.25     Document Type: Review

References (77)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. New York: Sage.
2. Andrews, R., Biggs, M., & Seidel, M. (1996). The Columbia world of quotations. New York: Columbia University Press.
3. Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20-39.
4. Avolio, B., & Locke, E. A. (2002). Contrasting different philosophies of leader motivation: Altruism versus egoism. The Leadership Quarterly, 13, 169-191.
5. Barling, J., Weber, T., & Kelloway, E. K. (1996). Effects of transformational leadership training on attitudinal and financial outcomes: A field experiment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 827-832.
6. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: Free Press.
7. Bass, B. M. (1990). Bass & Stogdill's handbook of leadership (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press.
8. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. (1993). Transformational leadership: A response to critiques. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theories and research: Perspectives and directions (pp. 49-80). New York: Academic Press.
9. Brewer, M. B. (1979). In-group bias in the minimal group situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 307-324.
10. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. (1998). Intergroup relations. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 554-594). Boston: McGraw Hill.
11. Brown, D. J., & Lord, R. G. ( 1999). The utility of experimental research in the study of transformational/charismatic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 531-539.
12. Bryman, A. (2000). Research methods and organization studies, London: Routledge.
13. Choi, Y., & Mai-Dalton, R. R. (1998). On the leadership function of self-sacrifice. The Leadership Quarterly, 9, 475-501.
14. Choi, Y., & Mai-Dalton, R. R. (1999). The model of followers' responses to self-sacrificial leadership: An empirical test. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 397-421.
15. Conger, J. A. (1999). Charismatic and transformational leadership in organizations: An insider's perspective on these developing streams of research. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 145-179.
16. Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1987). Toward a behavioral theory of charismatic leadership in organizational settings. Academy of Management Review, 12, 637-647.
17. Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. (1998). Charismatic leadership in organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
18. de Cremer, D. (2002). Charismatic leadership and cooperation in social dilemmas: A matter of transforming motives? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 997-1016.
19. de Cremer, D., van Knippenberg, B., van Knippenberg, D., Mullenders, D., & Stinglhamber, F. (2005). Rewarding leadership and fair procedures as determinants of self-esteem. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 3-12.
20. de Cremer, D., & van Knippenberg, D. (2002). How do leaders promote cooperation? The effects of charisma and procedural fairness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 858-866.
21. de Cremer, D., & van Lange, P. A. M. (2001). Why prosocials exhibit greater cooperation than proselfs: The roles of social responsibility and reciprocity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 15, 5-18.
22. de Cremer, D., & van Vugt, M. (2002). Intergroup and intragroup aspects of leadership in social dilemmas: A relational model of cooperation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 38, 126-136.
23. Diehl, M., & Stroebe, W. (1987). Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 497-509.
24. Diehl, M., & Stroebe, W. (1991). Productivity loss in idea-generating groups: Tracking down the blocking effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 392-403.
25. Dipboye, R. L. (1990). Laboratory vs. field research in industrial and organizational psychology. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 5, pp. 1-34). Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley.
26. Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 735-744.
27. Evans, M. G. (1985). A Monte Carlo study of the effects of correlated method variance in moderated regression analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 36, 305-323.
28. Fehr, E., & Schmidt, K. M. (2001). Theories of fairness and reciprocity: Evidence and economic applications. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research.
29. Fielding, K. S., & Hogg, M. A. (1997). Social identity, self-categorization, and leadership: A field study of small interactive groups. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 39-51.
30. Gallucci, M., & Perugini, M. (2003). Information seeking and reciprocity: A transformational analysis. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 473-495.
31. Gouldner, A. W. (1960). The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. American Sociological Review, 25, 161-178.
32. Greenberg, J., & Folger, R. (1983). Procedural justice, participation, and the fair process effect in groups and organizations. In P. B. Paulus (Ed.), Basic group processes (pp. 235-256). New York: Springer-Verlag.
33. Hains, S. C., Hogg, M. A., & Duck, J. M. (1997). Self-categorization and leadership: Effects of group prototypicality and leader stereotypicality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1087-1100.
34. Hogg, M. A. (1992). The social psychology of group cohesiveness: From attraction to social identity. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
35. Hogg, M. A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 184-200.
36. Hogg, M. A., & Abrams, D. (Eds.). (1988). Social identifications: A social psychology of intergroup relations and group processes. London: Routledge.
37. Hogg, M. A., Hains, S. C., & Mason, I. (1998). Identification and leadership in small groups: Salience, frame of reference, and leader stereo-typicality effects on leader evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1248-1263.
38. Hogg, M. A., & Terry, D. J. (2000). Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Academy of Management Review, 25, 121-140.
39. Hogg, M. A., & van Knippenberg, D. (2003). Social identity and leadership processes in groups. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 1-52). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
40. Hollander, E. P. (1958). Conformity, status, and idiosyncracy credit. Psychological Review, 65, 117-127.
41. Hollander, E. P. (1992). Leadership, followership, self, and others. The Leadership Quarterly, 3, 43-54.
42. House, R. J. (1977). A 1976 theory of charismatic leadership. In J. H. Hunt & L. L. Larson (Eds.), Leadership: The cutting edge (pp. 189-207). Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press.
43. House, R. J., & Shamir, B. (1993). Toward the integration of transformational, charismatic and visionary theories of leadership. In M. M. Chemers & R. Ayman (Eds.), Leadership theory and research: Perspectives and directions (pp. 81-107). New York: Academic Press.
44. Howell, J. M., & Frost, P. J. (1989). A laboratory study of charismatic leadership. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 43, 243-269.
45. Hunt, J. H., Boal, K. B., & Dodge, G. E. (1999). The effects of visionary and crisis-responsive charisma on followers: An experimental examination of two kinds of charismatic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 423-448.
46. Jacobson, C. & House, R. J. (2001). Dynamics of charismatic leadership: A process theory, simulation model, and tests. The Leadership Quarterly, 12, 75-112.
47. Kahneman, D. (2003). A psychological perspective on economics. The American Economic Review, 93, 162-168.
48. Kark, R., Shamir, B., & Chen, G. (2003). The two faces of transformational leadership: Empowerment and dependency. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 246-255.
49. Kirkpatrick, S. A., & Locke, E. A. (1996). Direct and indirect effects of three core charismatic leadership components on performance and attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 36-51.
50. Lord, R. G., Foti, R. J., & DeVader, C. L. (1984). A test of leadership categorization theory: Internal structure, information processing, and leadership perceptions. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 34, 343-378.
51. Lord, R. G. & Maher, K. J. (1991). Leadership and information processing: Linking perceptions and performance, Boston, MA: Unwin Hyman.
52. Lowe, K. B., Kroeck, K. G., & Sivasubramaniam, N. (1996). Effectiveness correlations of transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic review of the MLQ literature. The Leadership Quarterly, 7, 385-425.
53. McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (1993). Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects. Psychological Bulletin, 114, 376-390.
54. Platow, M. J., & van Knippenberg, D. (2001). A social identity analysis of leadership endorsement: The effects of leader ingroup prototypicality and distributive intergroup fairness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1508-1519.
55. Platow, M. J., van Knippenberg, D., Haslam, S. A., van Knippenberg, B., & Spears, R. (2002, June). A special gift we bestow on you for being representative of us: Considering leader charisma from a self-categorization perspective. Paper presented at the 13th General Meeting of the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, San Sebastian, Spain.
56. Prapavessis, H., & Carron, A. (1992). Sacrifice, cohesion, and conformity to norms in sport teams. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 231-240.
57. Reicher, S., & Hopkins, N. (2001). Self and nation. London: Sage.
58. Reicher, S., & Hopkins, N. (2003). On the science of the art of leadership. In D. van Knippenberg & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations (pp. 197-209). London: Sage.
59. Rosch, E. (1978). Principles of categorization. In E. Rosch & B. B. Lloyd (Eds.), Cognition and categorization (pp. 27-48). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
60. Rosenthal, R., & Rosnow, R. L. (1985). Contrast analysis: Focused comparisons in the analysis of variance. New York: Cambridge University Press.
61. Shamir, B., Arthur, M. B., & House, R. J. (1994). The rhetoric of charismatic leadership: A theoretical extension, a case study, and implications for research. The Leadership Quarterly, 5, 25-42.
62. Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. B. (1993). The motivation effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organization Science, 4, 577-594.
63. Shea, C. M., & Howell, J. M. (1999). Charismatic leadership and task feedback: A laboratory study of their effects on self-efficacy and task performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 375-396.
64. Sherif, M., & Sherif, C. W. (1964). Reference groups. New York: Harper & Row.
65. Synergistic Learning Incorporated. (1997). Brain works personality software. Retrieved July 1997 from http://www.mindmedia.com/interact/specials/brain.jsp
66. Tajfel, H. (1982). Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Review of Psychology, 33, 1-39.
67. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson Hall.
68. Turner, J. C. (1985). Social categorization and the self-concept: A social cognitive theory of group behavior. In E. Lawler (Ed.), Advances in group processes (Vol. 2, pp. 77-122). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
69. Turner, J. C., Hogg, M., Oakes, P. J., Reicher, S., & Wetherell, M. (1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell.
70. van Knippenberg, B., & van Knippenberg, D. (2003). Leadership, identity and influence: Relational concerns in the use of influence tactics. In D. van Knippenberg & M. A. Hogg (Eds.), Leadership and power: Identity processes in groups and organizations (pp. 123-137). London: Sage.
71. van Knippenberg, D., & Hogg, M. A. (2003). A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organizations. In B. M. Staw & R. M. Kramer (Eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 243-295.
72. van Knippenberg, D., Lossie, N., & Wilke, H. (1994). In-group prototypicality and persuasion: Determinants of heuristic and systematic message processing. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 289-300.
73. van Knippenberg, D., van Knippenberg, B., & van Dijk, E. (2000). Who takes the lead in risky decision making? Effects of ingroup members' individual riskiness, and prototypicality. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 83, 213-234.
74. van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1373-1395.
75. Wofford, J. (1999). Laboratory research on charismatic leadership: Fruitful or futile. The Leadership Quarterly, 10, 523-529.
76. Yorges, S. L., Weiss, H. M., & Strickland, O. J. (1999). The effect of leader outcomes on influence, attributions, and perceptions of charisma. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 428-436.
77. Yukl, G. (2001). Leadership in organizations (5th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.