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Volumn 70, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 648-657

Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of chiral allylic amines. Evaluation of ferrocenyloxazoline palladacycle catalysts and imidate motifs

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYSIS; CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; DIMERS; PALLADIUM; SILVER COMPOUNDS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

EID: 12344337113     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo048490r     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (127)

References (60)
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    • note
    • A slight deficiency of t-BuLi was employed in these reactions to minimize the formation of side products resulting from lithiation of both Cp ligands of the ferrocene.
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    • For other examples using oxidative addition for the synthesis of palladacycles, see: (a) Denmark, S. E.; Stavenger, R. A.; Faucher, A.-M.; Edwards, J. P. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 3375-3389. (b) Mateo, C.; Cardenas, D. J.; Fernandez-Rivas, C.; Echavarren, A. M. Chem. Eur. J. 1996, 2, 1596-1606.
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    • For other examples using oxidative addition for the synthesis of palladacycles, see: (a) Denmark, S. E.; Stavenger, R. A.; Faucher, A.-M.; Edwards, J. P. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 3375-3389. (b) Mateo, C.; Cardenas, D. J.; Fernandez-Rivas, C.; Echavarren, A. M. Chem. Eur. J. 1996, 2, 1596-1606.
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    • We use the descriptors for planer chirality in π-complexes codified by Schlögl: (a) Schlögl, T. Top. Stereochem. 1967, 1, 39-91.
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    • These differ from the descriptors based on CIP rules: (b) Chan, R. S.; Ingold, C. K.; Prelog, V. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1966, 5, 385-414, which are occasionally used in the current literature.
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    • note
    • The monosubtituted ferrocenyl complex resulting from reduction of the iodide and the biaryl resulting from homo-coupling of the boronic acid comprised the remainder of the mass.
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    • note
    • The authors have deposited coordinates for these compounds with the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. The coordinates can be obtained, on request, from the Director, Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 1EZ, U.K.
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    • For X-ray crystallography of chloride-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (a) Dunina, V. V.; Gorunova, O. N.; Livantsov, M. V.; Grishin, Y., K.; Kuz'mina, L. G.; Kataeva, N. A.; Churakov, A. V. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3967-3984. (b) Zhao, G.; Yang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. Organometallics 1999, 18, 3623-3636. (c) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1557-1561. (d) Wu, Y. J.; Cui, X. L.; Du, C. X.; Wang, W. L.; Guo, R. Y.; Chen, R. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3727-3730. (e) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 577-584. (f) López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardia, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2527-2530. (g) Reference 3d.
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    • Dunina, V.V.1    Gorunova, O.N.2    Livantsov, M.V.3    Grishin, Y.K.4    Kuz'mina, L.G.5    Kataeva, N.A.6    Churakov, A.V.7
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    • For X-ray crystallography of chloride-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (a) Dunina, V. V.; Gorunova, O. N.; Livantsov, M. V.; Grishin, Y., K.; Kuz'mina, L. G.; Kataeva, N. A.; Churakov, A. V. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3967-3984. (b) Zhao, G.; Yang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. Organometallics 1999, 18, 3623-3636. (c) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1557-1561. (d) Wu, Y. J.; Cui, X. L.; Du, C. X.; Wang, W. L.; Guo, R. Y.; Chen, R. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3727-3730. (e) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 577-584. (f) López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardia, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2527-2530. (g) Reference 3d.
    • (1999) Organometallics , vol.18 , pp. 3623-3636
    • Zhao, G.1    Yang, Q.C.2    Mak, T.C.W.3
  • 36
    • 0032496126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For X-ray crystallography of chloride-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (a) Dunina, V. V.; Gorunova, O. N.; Livantsov, M. V.; Grishin, Y., K.; Kuz'mina, L. G.; Kataeva, N. A.; Churakov, A. V. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3967-3984. (b) Zhao, G.; Yang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. Organometallics 1999, 18, 3623-3636. (c) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1557-1561. (d) Wu, Y. J.; Cui, X. L.; Du, C. X.; Wang, W. L.; Guo, R. Y.; Chen, R. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3727-3730. (e) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 577-584. (f) López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardia, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2527-2530. (g) Reference 3d.
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    • Zhao, G.1    Wang, Q.G.2    Mak, T.C.W.3
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    • For X-ray crystallography of chloride-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (a) Dunina, V. V.; Gorunova, O. N.; Livantsov, M. V.; Grishin, Y., K.; Kuz'mina, L. G.; Kataeva, N. A.; Churakov, A. V. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3967-3984. (b) Zhao, G.; Yang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. Organometallics 1999, 18, 3623-3636. (c) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1557-1561. (d) Wu, Y. J.; Cui, X. L.; Du, C. X.; Wang, W. L.; Guo, R. Y.; Chen, R. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3727-3730. (e) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 577-584. (f) López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardia, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2527-2530. (g) Reference 3d.
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    • Wu, Y.J.1    Cui, X.L.2    Du, C.X.3    Wang, W.L.4    Guo, R.Y.5    Chen, R.F.6
  • 38
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    • For X-ray crystallography of chloride-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (a) Dunina, V. V.; Gorunova, O. N.; Livantsov, M. V.; Grishin, Y., K.; Kuz'mina, L. G.; Kataeva, N. A.; Churakov, A. V. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3967-3984. (b) Zhao, G.; Yang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. Organometallics 1999, 18, 3623-3636. (c) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1557-1561. (d) Wu, Y. J.; Cui, X. L.; Du, C. X.; Wang, W. L.; Guo, R. Y.; Chen, R. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3727-3730. (e) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 577-584. (f) López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardia, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2527-2530. (g) Reference 3d.
    • (1998) Polyhedron , vol.18 , pp. 577-584
    • Zhao, G.1    Wang, Q.G.2    Mak, T.C.W.3
  • 39
    • 0030248663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For X-ray crystallography of chloride-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (a) Dunina, V. V.; Gorunova, O. N.; Livantsov, M. V.; Grishin, Y., K.; Kuz'mina, L. G.; Kataeva, N. A.; Churakov, A. V. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3967-3984. (b) Zhao, G.; Yang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. Organometallics 1999, 18, 3623-3636. (c) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1557-1561. (d) Wu, Y. J.; Cui, X. L.; Du, C. X.; Wang, W. L.; Guo, R. Y.; Chen, R. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3727-3730. (e) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 577-584. (f) López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardia, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2527-2530. (g) Reference 3d.
    • (1996) Tetrahedron: Asymmetry , vol.7 , pp. 2527-2530
    • López, C.1    Bosque, R.2    Solans, X.3    Font-Bardia, M.4
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    • Reference 3d
    • For X-ray crystallography of chloride-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (a) Dunina, V. V.; Gorunova, O. N.; Livantsov, M. V.; Grishin, Y., K.; Kuz'mina, L. G.; Kataeva, N. A.; Churakov, A. V. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 2000, 11, 3967-3984. (b) Zhao, G.; Yang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. Organometallics 1999, 18, 3623-3636. (c) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1998, 9, 1557-1561. (d) Wu, Y. J.; Cui, X. L.; Du, C. X.; Wang, W. L.; Guo, R. Y.; Chen, R. F. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3727-3730. (e) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. G-.; Mak, T. C. W. Polyhedron 1998, 18, 577-584. (f) López, C.; Bosque, R.; Solans, X.; Font-Bardia, M. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2527-2530. (g) Reference 3d.
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    • For bromide-bridged ferrocenyl palladacycles, see: (h) Zhao, G.; Wang, Q. C-.; Mak, T. C. W. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans. 1998, 3785-3789. (i) Reference 19b.
  • 45
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    • Treatment of amide 6a with DIBAL-H resulted in inseparable mixtures (1:1 to 4:1) of the desired product and the reduced product, N-benzyl-N-(4- methoxyphenyl)-(1-propyl-allyl) amine. For procedure see: (a) Gutzwiller, J.; Uskokovic, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 204-205. (b) Gutzwiller, J.; Uskokovic, M. Helv. Chem. Acta 1973, 56, 1494-1503. (c) Gutzwiller, J.; Pizzolato, G.; Uskokovic, M. R. Helv. Chem. Acta 1981, 64, 1663-1671.
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    • Treatment of amide 6a with DIBAL-H resulted in inseparable mixtures (1:1 to 4:1) of the desired product and the reduced product, N-benzyl-N-(4- methoxyphenyl)-(1-propyl-allyl) amine. For procedure see: (a) Gutzwiller, J.; Uskokovic, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 204-205. (b) Gutzwiller, J.; Uskokovic, M. Helv. Chem. Acta 1973, 56, 1494-1503. (c) Gutzwiller, J.; Pizzolato, G.; Uskokovic, M. R. Helv. Chem. Acta 1981, 64, 1663-1671.
    • (1973) Helv. Chem. Acta , vol.56 , pp. 1494-1503
    • Gutzwiller, J.1    Uskokovic, M.2
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    • Treatment of amide 6a with DIBAL-H resulted in inseparable mixtures (1:1 to 4:1) of the desired product and the reduced product, N-benzyl-N-(4- methoxyphenyl)-(1-propyl-allyl) amine. For procedure see: (a) Gutzwiller, J.; Uskokovic, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 204-205. (b) Gutzwiller, J.; Uskokovic, M. Helv. Chem. Acta 1973, 56, 1494-1503. (c) Gutzwiller, J.; Pizzolato, G.; Uskokovic, M. R. Helv. Chem. Acta 1981, 64, 1663-1671.
    • (1981) Helv. Chem. Acta , vol.64 , pp. 1663-1671
    • Gutzwiller, J.1    Pizzolato, G.2    Uskokovic, M.R.3
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    • For a brief discussion of side reactions in the oxidative removal of N-aryl groups from amides, see: Corley, E. G.; Karady, S.; Abramson, N. L. Tetrahedron Lett. 1988, 29, 1497-1500.
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    • Corley, E.G.1    Karady, S.2    Abramson, N.L.3
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    • and references therein
    • This type of side reaction is common in cross-coupling reactions. A variety of mechanisms have been forwarded to explain results of this type; see: Nguyen, P.; Yuan, Z.; Agocs, L.; Lesley, G.; Marder, T. B. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1994, 220, 289-296 and references therein.
    • (1994) Inorg. Chim. Acta , vol.220 , pp. 289-296
    • Nguyen, P.1    Yuan, Z.2    Agocs, L.3    Lesley, G.4    Marder, T.B.5
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    • This activation likely involves both salt metathesis, exchanging the iodide of the palladacycle for trifluoroacetate, in addition to oxidation of the ferrocene to a ferrocenium ion by the Ag(I). For studies with precatalyst 9a, see ref 6
    • This activation likely involves both salt metathesis, exchanging the iodide of the palladacycle for trifluoroacetate, in addition to oxidation of the ferrocene to a ferrocenium ion by the Ag(I). For studies with precatalyst 9a, see ref 6.
  • 59
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    • note
    • 29
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    • Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Irvine
    • Anderson, C. E. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Irvine, 2003.
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    • Anderson, C.E.1


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