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(e) Wilk, A.; Grajkowski, A.; Chmielewski, M. K.; Phillips, L. R.; Beaucage, S. L. In Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry; Beaucage, S. L., Bergstrom, D. E., Glick, G. D., Jones, R. A., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2001; pp 2.7.1-2.7.12.
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(a) Van Houten, K. A.; Heath, D. C.; Pilato, R. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12359-12360.
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Pilato, R.S.3
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19
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0006939346
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13C NMR spectrocopies (data shown in Experimental Section and spectra provided as Supporting Information) and used without further purification. (8) (a) Lee, H.-J.; Moon, S.-H. Chem. Lett. 1984, 1229-1232.
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0021770588
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Tang, J.-Y.2
Caruthers, M.H.3
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21
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1842475869
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note
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31P NMR spectra are shown as Supporting Information.
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22
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1842603479
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note
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The oxidation reaction is performed using commercial 0.02 M iodine in THF/pyridine/water, whereas the sulfurization reaction is effected using 0.05 M 3H-1,2-benzodithiol-3-one 1,1-dioxide in MeCN as recommended in the literature.24
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23
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1842527987
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note
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RP-HPLC analyses are performed with a 5-μm Supelcosil LC-18S column (25 cm × 4.6 mm) under the following conditions: starting from 0.1 M triethylammonium acetate pH 7.0, a linear gradient of 1% MeCN/min is pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for 40 min and then held isocratic for 20 min.
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24
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1842498871
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note
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3c) under similar thermolytic conditions (pH 7.0, 90 °C).
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25
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1842551245
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note
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4OH for 30 min at 25 °C followed by heating the ammoniacal solution for 2 h at 55 °C also results in complete thermolytic cleavage of the 4-methylthio-1-butyl group to generate the dinucleoside phosphodiester 16 or 17 as the major (>99%) product.
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26
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0001453694
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Hayakawa, Y.; Uchiyama, M.; Noyori, R. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 4191-4194.
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Hayakawa, Y.1
Uchiyama, M.2
Noyori, R.3
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27
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0001368479
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(a) Davis, F. A.; Towson, J. C.; Weismiller, M. C.; Lal, S.; Carroll, P. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8477q-8482.
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Davis, F.A.1
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28
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0012920879
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(b) Ugi, I.; Jacob, P.; Landgraf, B.; Rupp, C.; Lemmen, P.; Verfürth, U. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1988, 7, 605-608.
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Ugi, I.1
Jacob, P.2
Landgraf, B.3
Rupp, C.4
Lemmen, P.5
Verfürth, U.6
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29
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1842603480
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note
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23 led to the development of this mild reduction reaction. Even though the conversion of 19 to 12 went smoothly and near quantitatively (>99%), it should be understood that the reduction reaction has not, as yet, been optimized and thoroughly investigated in terms of potential nucleobase modifications and/or other side reactions that might occur with representative oligonucleotides. Investigations addressing these concerns are currently underway in our laboratory, and our findings on the scope and limitations of this reduction reaction will be reported soon.
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30
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1842446647
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Compound 18 (as its chloride salt) is prepared from the reaction of tetrahydrothiophene with methyl chloroformate. See: Byrne, B.; Lafleur Lawter, L. M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27, 1233-1236.
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Byrne, B.1
Lafleur Lawter, L.M.2
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31
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1842551244
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note
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2O are shown as Supporting Information.
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32
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1842446649
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note
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The origin of trace amounts of 20 contaminating 14 is still unclear and is currently under investigation.
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33
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1842446648
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note
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Solid-phase synthesis of the fully thioated 20-mer involves replacing the standard 0.02 M solution of iodine in THF/pyridine/water with a 0.05 M solution of 3H-1,2-benzodithiol-3-one 1,1-dioxide in MeCN and performing the capping reaction after the sulfurization step.24
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34
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1842446645
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note
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Phosphoramidites 10a-d and the corresponding 2-cyanoethyl deoxyribonucleoside phosphoramidites were used as 0.1 M solutions in dry MeCN in accordance with a standard automated solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis program executed by a commercial DNA/RNA synthesizer.
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35
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0001646976
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In agreement with our findings is the relative instability of bis-(S-β-D-glucopyranosidyl-2-thioethyl) 3′-azido-3′ -deoxythymidin-5′-yl phosphate in aqueous media reported earlier by others. See: Schlienger, N.; Périgaud, C.; Gosselin, G.; Imbach, J.-L. J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 7216-7221.
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Schlienger, N.1
Périgaud, C.2
Gosselin, G.3
Imbach, J.-L.4
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0141851399
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Sanghvi, Y.S.4
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0025161168
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Iyer, R. P.; Phillips, L. R.; Egan, W.; Regan, J. B.; Beaucage, S. L. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 515, 4693-4699.
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See also: Regan, J. B.; Phillips, L. R.; Beaucage, S. L. Org. Prep. Proc. Int. 1992, 24, 488-492.
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Regan, J.B.1
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Beaucage, S.L.3
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