Treatment and control of human African trypanosomiasis

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 565-570

  Jannin, J ^a   Cattand, P ^b  

^a WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^b Assoc Against Trypanosom Africa   (France)

Author keywords

Diagnosis; Human African trypanosomiasis; Treatment; Trypanosoma brucei gambiense; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Indexed keywords

ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENT; BIOLOGICAL MARKER; DB 289; EFLORNITHINE; MELARSOPROL; NITRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRITE; PENTAMIDINE; PRODRUG; SURAMIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; ANAPHYLAXIS; BRAIN DISEASE; BRAIN LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONVULSION; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG SAFETY; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; NONHUMAN; PERMEABILITY; PROTEOMICS; REM SLEEP; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIDE EFFECT; SLEEP WAKING CYCLE; URINE LEVEL;

ANIMALS; BENZAMIDINES; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; HUMANS; TRYPANOCIDAL AGENTS; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI GAMBIENSE; TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI RHODESIENSE; TRYPANOSOMIASIS, AFRICAN;

EID: 10344250495     PISSN: 09517375     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001432-200412000-00009     Document Type: Review

References (35)

1. Jannin J. Drugs, last stage for access to treatment for neglected populations. The example of sleeping sickness. Health products and the Third World: industrial aspects. AMIPS Info 2004; 100-103. This article raises the fundamental issue of access to treatment by the rural population of the African continent, a fundamental issue beyond the availability of effective diagnosis and drugs.
2. Burri C, Brun R. Eflornithine for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Parasitol Res 2003; 90 Suppl 1:S49-S52.
3. Burri C, Brun R. Human african trypanosomiasis. In Cook GC, Zumla A, editors. Manson's Tropical Diseases, 21st edn. London: Elsevier Science; 2003. pp. 1303-1323.
4. Penchenier P, Grébaut F, Njokou V, et al. Evaluation of Latex T.b. gambiense for mass screening of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness in Central Africa. Acta Tropica 2003; 85:31-37.
5. World Health Organisation. Human African Trypanosomiasis. A guide for drug supply 2002, WHO/CDS/CSR/EPH/2001.3 (English/French). Geneva: World Health Organisation.
6. Burri C, Nkunku S, Merolle A, et al. Efficacy of new, concise schedule for melarsoprol in treatment of sleeping sickness caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: a randomized trial. Lancet 2000; 355:1419-1425.
7. Louis FJ, Keiser J, Simarro PP, et al. Eflornithine in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis [in French]. Med Trop Mars 2003; 63:559-563.
8. Smith MC, Tinling S, Doyle KJ. Difluoromethylornithine-induced reversible hearing loss across a wide frequency range. Laryngoscope 2004; 114:1113-1117.
9. Na-Bangchang K, Doua F, Konsil J, et al. The pharmacokinetics of eflonithine (alpha-difloromethylornithine) in patients with late stage T.b. gambiense sleeping sickness. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 60:269-278.
10. Keiser J, Stich A, Burri C. New drugs for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis: research and development. Trends Parasitol 2001; 17:42-49.
11. Yeates C. DB-289 Immtech International. IDrugs 2003; 6:1086-1093.
12. Sturk LM, Brock JL, Bagnell CR, et al. Distribution and quantitation of the anti-trypanosomal diamidine 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)furan (DB75) and its N-methoxy prodrug DB289 in murine brain tissue. Acta Trop 2004; 91:131-143. A particularly interesting paper describing an effective pentamidine analog trypanocide and the potential of a prodrug for the oral treatment of early, and eventually late-stage, sleeping sickness.
13. Zhou L, Thakker DR, Voyksner RD, et al. Metabolites of an orally active antimicrobial product. J Mass Spectrom 2004; 39:351-360.
14. Courtioux B, Boda C, Nangouma A, et al. On a new test for the diagnosis in the field of the nervous phase of human African trypanosomiasis. Marseille: Xèmes Actualité du Pharo; 2003.
15. Courtioux B, Bisser S, Chebroux P, et al. Human African Trypanosomiasis. A sensitive dot-blotting method to detect anti-neurofilament and anti-galactocerebroside antibodies associated with neurological involvement. International Colloquium on Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Tropical Neurology; Antwerp; 2003.
16. Lejon V, Lardon J, Kepis G. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in serum and CSF of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense sleeping sickness patients before and after treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2002; 96:329-333.
17. Lejon V, Reiber H, Legros D, et al. Intrathecal immune response for improved diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in trypanosomiasis. J Infect Dis 2003; 187:1475-1483.
18. Huang X, Xuan X, Hirata H, et al. Rapid immunochromatographic test using recombinant SAG2 for detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in cats. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:351-353.
19. Huang X, Xuan X, Xu L, et al. Development of an immunochromatographic test with recombinant EMA-2 for the rapid detection of antibodies against Babesia equi in horses. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:359-361.
20. Wulfkuhle JD. Proteomic approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003; 532:59-68.
21. Bischoff R, Luider TM. Methodological advances in the discovery of protein and peptide disease markers. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 803:27-40. This paper, of a general nature, explains how the evolution of laboratory technologies influences the discovery of disease markers and the potential for diagnosis.
22. Papadopoulos MC, Abel PM, Agranoff D, et al. A novel and accurate diagnostic test for human African trypanosomiasis. Lancet 2004; 363:1358-1363. Description of a new approach to diagnosis and the use of recently developed technologies in testing biomarkers.
23. Kuboki N, Inue N, Sakurai T, et al. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of African trypanosomes. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:5517-5524.
24. Radwanska M, Magez S, Perry-O'Keefe H, et al. Direct detection and indentification of African trypanosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:4295-4297.
25. Edvinsson B, Jalal S, Nord CE, et al. DNA extraction and PCR assays for detection of Toxoplasma gondi. APMIS (In Press).
26. Radawanska M, Chamekh M, Vanhamme L, et al. The serum resistance-associated gene as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodiesiense. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2002; 67:684-690.
27. Morty RE, Lonsdale-Eccles J, Mentele R, et al. Trypanosome derived oligopeptidase B is released into plasma of infected rodents, where it persists and retain full catalytic activity. Infect Immun 2001; 69:2757-2761.
28. Boulangé A, Katende J, Authié E. Trypanosoma congolense: Expression of a heat shock protein 70 and initial evaluation as a diagnostic antigen for bovine trypanosomiasis. Exp Parasitology 2002; 1000:6-11.
29. Bossard G, Boulangé A, Authié E. Progress towards development of serodiagnostic tests based on the use of recombinant hsp 70/BiP antigen. ICPVT Newsletter, 2003.
30. Cespuglio R. Recent advances in understanding the mechanism of sleep. Rev Neurol 2000; 3:320-324.
31. Buguet A, Bourdon L, Bisser S, et al. Sleeping sickness: major disorders of circadian rhythm. Med Trop 2001; 61:328-339.
32. Darsaud A, Bourdon L, Mercier S, et al. 24-hour disruption of the sleep-wake cycle and in a rat model of African trypanosomiasis. Sleep 2004; 27:42-46. Occurrence of SOREM-like episodes could possibly be the first pathognomonic sign for late-stage sleeping sickness and turn out to be a gold standard for the onset of late-stage trypanosomiasis.
33. Lejon V, Kwete J, Büscher P. Towards saliva based screening for sleeping sickness? Trop Med Int Health 2003; 7:585-588.
34. Stich A, Barrett MP, Krishna S. Waking up to sleeping sickness. Trends Parasitol 2003; 19:195-197.
35. Barrett MP, Gilbert IH. Perspectives for new drugs against trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Curr Top Med Chem 2002; 2:471-482.