Migration of model contaminants from PET bottles: Influence of temperature, food simulant and functional barrier

Food Additives and Contaminants

Volumn 21, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 993-1006

  Widén, Helene ^a,b   Leufven A ^b   Nielsen, T ^a  

^a SIK THE SWEDISH INSTITUTE FOR FOOD AND BIOTECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

^b CHEMICAL CENTER   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Food packaging; Functional barrier; Migration; Model contaminants; Poly (ethylene tetraphthalate) (PET); Recycling plastics

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; ALCOHOL; ANETHOLE; BENZALDEHYDE; BENZOPHENONE; FLAVORING AGENT; LIMONENE; PLASTIC; POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE;

ARTICLE; CARBONATED BEVERAGE; CHEMICAL INTERACTION; CHEMICAL REACTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD PACKAGING; FOOD STORAGE; GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; PLASTIC BOTTLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECYCLING; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE;

ACETIC ACID; CARBONATED BEVERAGES; CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES; DIFFUSION; ETHANOL; FOOD CONTAMINATION; FOOD PACKAGING; HUMANS; POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATES; TEMPERATURE;

COLA;

EID: 10044265291     PISSN: 0265203X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02652030400009217     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Bayer, F. L., 1997, The threshold of regulation and its application to indirect food additive contaminants in recycled plastics. Food Additives and Contaminants, 14, 661-670.
2. Bayer, F. L., 2002, Polyethylene terephthalate recycling for food contact applications: testing, safety and technologies: a global perspective. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19 (Suppl.), 111-134.
3. Begley, T. H., and Hollifield, H. C., 1993, Recycled polymers in food packaging: migration considerations. Food Technology, 47, 109-112.
4. Crank, J., 1956, The Mathematics of Diffusion (London: Oxford University Press).
5. EC, 1994, Council Directive 94/62/EC on Packaging and Packaging Waste. Official Journal of the European Communities, L365, 10-23.
6. EEC, 1985, Council Directive 85/572/EEC laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastics materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Communities, L372, 14-21.
7. FDA, 1992, Points to Consider for the Use of Recycled Plastics in Food Packaging: Chemistry Considerations (Washington, DC: US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition).
8. Franz, R., 2002, Programme on the recyclability of food-packaging materials with respect to food safety considerations: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), paper and board, and plastics covered by functional barriers. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19 (Suppl.), 93-110.
9. Franz, R., Huber, M., and Piringer, O., 1997, Presentation and experimental verification of a physico-mathematical model describing the migration across functional barrier layers into foodstuffs. Food Additives and Contaminants, 14, 627-640.
10. Franz, R., Huber, M., and Piringer, O. G., 1994, Testing and evaluation of recycled plastics for food packaging use - possible migration through a functional barrier. Food Additives and Contaminants, 11, 479-496.
11. Franz, R., Huber, M., and Welle, F., 1998, Recycling of post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) for direct food contact application - a feasibility study using a simplified challenge test. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 94, 303-308.
12. Franz, R., Huber, M., Piringer, O., Damant, A., Jickells, S., and Castle, L., 1996, Study of functional barrier properties of multilayer recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles for soft drinks. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44, 892-897.
13. Franz, R., Mauer, A., and Welle, F., 2004, European survey on post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials to determine contamination levels and maximum consumer exposure from food packages made from recycled PET. Food Additives and Contaminants, 21, 265-286.
14. Franz, R., and Welle, F., 1999, Post-consumer poly(ethylene terephthalate) for direct food contact applications - final proof of food law compliance. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 95, 424-427.
15. Franz, R., and Welle, F., 2002, Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) for direct food contact applications: challenge test of an inline recycling process. Food Additives and Contaminants, 19, 502-511.
16. Huber, M., and Franz, R., 1997, Studies on contamination of post consumer plastics from controlled resources for recycling into food packaging applications. Deutsche Lebensmittel-Rundschau, 93, 328-331.
17. ILSI, 1998, Recycling of Plastics for Food Contact Use. Guidelines Prepared Under the Responsibility of the ILSI European Packaging Material Task Force (Brussels: ILSI).
18. Katan, L. L., 1996, Do 'functional barriers' function?. Packaging Technology and Science, 9, 289-296.
19. Komolprasert, V., and Lawson, A., 1995, Residual contaminants in recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) - effects of washing and drying. Plastic, Rubber, and Paper Recycling: A Pragmatic Approach, edited by C. Rader, S. Baldwin, D. Cornell, G. Sadler and R. Stockel (Washington, DC: ACS), pp. 435-444.
20. Komolprasert, V., Lawson, A. R., and Begley, T. H., 1997, Migration of residual contaminants from secondary recycled poly(ethylene terephtalate) into food-simulating solvents, aqueous ethanol and heptane. Food Additives and Contaminants, 14, 491-498.
21. Leufvén, A., and Hermansson, C., 1994, The sorption of aroma components from tomato juice by food-contact polymers. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 64, 101-105.
22. Miller, R. L., 1999, Crystallographic data and melting points for various polymers. Polymer Handbook, edited by J. Brandrup, E. H. Immergut and E. A. Grulke (New York: Wiley), p. 59.
23. MULTIWISE, 2000 (available at: http://www.inra.fr/Internet/Produits/securite-emballage).
24. Nerin, C., Albiñana, J., Philo, M. R., Castle, L., Raffael, B., and Simoneau, C., 2003, Evaluation of some screening methods for the analysis of contaminants in recycled polyethylene terephthalate flakes. Food Additives and Contaminants, 20, 668-677.
25. Nielsen, T. J., 1994, Limonene and myrcene sorption into refillable polyethylene terephtalate bottles, and washing effects on removal of sorbed compounds. Journal of Food Science, 59, 227-230.
26. Nielsen, T. J., Jägerstad, I. M., Öste, R. E., and Wesslén, B. O., 1992, Comparative absorption of low molecular aroma compounds into commonly used food packaging polymer films. Journal of Food Science, 57, 490-492.
27. Pennarun, P. Y., Dole, P., and Feigenbaum, A., 2004a, Functional barriers in PET recycled bottles. Part I. Determination of diffusion coefficients in bioriented PET with and without contact with food simulants. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92, 2845-2858.
28. Pennarun, P. Y., Ngono, Y., Dole, P. and Feigenbaum, A., 2004b, Functional barriers in PET recycled bottles. Part II. Diffusion of pollutants during processing. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92, 2859-2870.
29. Pierce, D. E., King, D. B., and Sadler, G. D., 1995, Analysis of contaminants in recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) by thermal-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Plastic, Rubber, and Paper Recycling: A Pragmatic Approach, edited by C. Rader, S. Baldwin, D. Cornell, G. Sadler and R. Stockel (Washington, DC: ACS), pp. 458-471.
30. Piringer, O., Franz, R., Huber, M., Begley, T. H., and McNeal, T. P., 1998, Migration from food packaging containing a functional barrier: mathematical and experimental evaluation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46, 1532-1538.
31. Simal-Gandára, J., Sarria-Vidal, M., and Rijk, R., 2000b, Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part 2: Medium molecular weight permeants. Food Additives and Contaminants, 17, 815-819.
32. Simal-Gandára, J., Sarria-Vidal, M., Koorevaar, A., and Rijk, R., 2000a, Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part 1: Low molecular weight permeants. Food Additives and Contaminants, 17, 703-711.
33. Stöllman, U., 1995, Aroma transfer in refillable PET bottles - sensory and instrumental comparison. Foods and Packaging Materials - Chemical Interactions, edited by P. Ackermann, M. Jägerstad and T. Ohlsson (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry), pp. 69-93.
34. Triantafyllou, V. I., Karamani, A. G., Akrida-Demertzi, K., and Demertzis, P. G., 2002, Studies on the usability of recycled PET for food packaging applications. European Food Research and Technology, 215, 243-248.