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Knight, A.R.1
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67
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It is known that phospholipids do not aggregate in this solvent. See: Barclay, L. R. C.; McNeil, J. M.; VanKessel, J.; Forrest, J. B.; Porter, N. A.; Lehman, L. S.; Smith, K. J.; Ellington, J. C., Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6740-6747.
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68
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0942273791
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note
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-8 M.11c
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69
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0942273790
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note
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In our previous article on the isomerization of methyl arachidonate carried out by γ-irradiation, we used equimolar quantities (150 mM) of methyl ester and 2-mercaptoethanol. Under these conditions, after 5 kGy irradiation the all-cis isomer was halved, whereas the overall geometrical isomer yield was found to be ca. 75%. A fraction of ca. 20% yield was characterized as a mixture of thiol-methyl arachidonate adducts. To avoid the adduct formation, in this work we dropped the fatty acid contents of PC to 15 mM (10 times lower), which in terms of double bond molarity means a decrease of ca. 50 times. Furthermore, we decreased the concentration of thiol from 150 mM to 7 mM, i.e., ca. 20 times.
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71
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0942306232
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note
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Under these conditions, the saturated fatty acids (stearate moieties) are not evidenced. Stearic acid moieties could be detected by heating the plate sprayed with a 40% sulphuric acid aqueous solution.
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72
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0025347398
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(a) Lang, J.; Vigo-Pelfrey, C.; Martin, F. Chem. Phys. Lipids 1990, 53, 91-101.
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Chem. Phys. Lipids
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Lang, J.1
Vigo-Pelfrey, C.2
Martin, F.3
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73
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(b) Wratten, M. L.; van Ginkel, G.; van't Veld, A. A.; Bekker, A.; van Faassen, E. E.; Sevanian, A. Biochemistry 1992, 31, 10901-10907.
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Biochemistry
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Wratten, M.L.1
Van Ginkel, G.2
Van't Veld, A.A.3
Bekker, A.4
Van Faassen, E.E.5
Sevanian, A.6
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74
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(c) Preston, M. R.; Walter, M. F.; Mason, P. E. Free Radical Biol. Med. 1997, 23, 419-425.
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Free Radical Biol. Med.
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Preston, M.R.1
Walter, M.F.2
Mason, P.E.3
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75
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0003435741
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The solubility of molecular oxygen in t-BuOH is determined to be 2.34 mM at room temperature (see: Cipollone, M.; di Palma, C.; Pedulli, G. F. Appl. Magn. Reson. 1992, 3, 98-102).
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Appl. Magn. Reson.
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Cipollone, M.1
Di Palma, C.2
Pedulli, G.F.3
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76
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0002916557
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Alfassi, Z. B., Ed.; Wiley: Chichester, U.K.
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Wardman, P. In S-Centered Radicals; Alfassi, Z. B., Ed.; Wiley: Chichester, U.K., 1999; pp 289-309.
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S-Centered Radicals
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Wardman, P.1
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77
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0942306230
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note
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A mechanistic study that settles differences between the product studies and the pulse radiolysis results as well as the competition kinetics between isomerization and peroxidation processes is beyond the scope of this paper. Work is in progress to address properly the reaction mechanism.
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78
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0029740580
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and references therein
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Newton, G. L.; Aguilera, J. A.; Kim, T.; Ward, J. F.; Fahey, R. C. Radiat. Res. 1996, 146, 206-215 and references therein.
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Newton, G.L.1
Aguilera, J.A.2
Kim, T.3
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Fahey, R.C.5
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79
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New, R. R. C., Ed.: IRL Press: Oxford, U.K.
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Liposomes: A Practical Approach; New, R. R. C., Ed.: IRL Press: Oxford, U.K., 1990.
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Liposomes: A Practical Approach
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80
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The average diameter of the unilamellar vesicles was found to be ca. 90 nm. See: Fiorentini, D.; Cipollone, M.; Pugnaloni, A.; Biagini, G.; Landi, L. Free Radical Res. 1994, 21, 329-339.
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Fiorentini, D.1
Cipollone, M.2
Pugnaloni, A.3
Biagini, G.4
Landi, L.5
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81
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0942306233
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note
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No isomerization was detected upon UV- or γ-irradiating samples without thiol.
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82
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0942273792
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note
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13C NMR for the identification of cis/trans isomers is well-documented.60,61 Early work on the spectra of arachidonic acid methyl ester60 and its mono-5-trans24 and mono-14-trans isomers25 evidenced that the ethylenic carbon atom resonance in position 15 is indeed meaningful for these isomers.
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83
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Gunstone, F. D.; Pollard, M. R.; Scrimgeour, C. M.; Vadanayagam, H. S. Chem. Phys. Lipids 1977, 18, 115-129.
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Chem. Phys. Lipids
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Gunstone, F.D.1
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Bus, J.1
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86
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0942273793
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note
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Evidence that cis-trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids can occur endogenously both in membrane phospholipids and fat depots has recently been gathered. Indeed, rats fed a diet completely deprived of trans fatty acids showed trans isomers of 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4 in different percentages depending on the kinds of tissue extracts (manuscript in preparation).
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87
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