Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids are strongly associated in maternal and neonatal blood

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volumn 54, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 50-56

  Ghebremeskel, K ^a   Crawford, M A ^a   Lowy, C ^b   Min, Y ^a   Thomas, B ^a   Golfetto, I ^a   Bitsanis, D ^a   Costeloe, K ^c  

^a LONDON METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^c HOMERTON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

linolenic; Arachidonic; Docosahexaenoic; Linoleic; Mothers; Neonates

Indexed keywords

ARACHIDONIC ACID; CELL RECEPTOR; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; ENZYME; FATTY ACID; FISH OIL; GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPID; GLYCEROPHOSPHORYLCHOLINE; LINOLEIC ACID; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; CASE REPORT; CHILD GROWTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; ERYTHROCYTE DEFORMABILITY; ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE; FETUS OUTCOME; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; KOREA; LIPID COMPOSITION; MATERNAL BLOOD; NORMAL HUMAN; NUTRITION; PREGNANCY; PREMATURITY; PUERPERIUM; THIRD TRIMESTER PREGNANCY; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; ARACHIDONIC ACID; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; FEMALE; GESTATIONAL AGE; GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, PREMATURE; KOREA; LONDON; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY TRIMESTER, THIRD;

EID: 0033956922     PISSN: 09543007     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600892     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Ackman RG (1982): Fatty acid composition of fish oils. In: Nutritional Evaluation of Long-chain Fatty Acids in Fish Oils, eds. SM Barlow & ME Slansby, pp 25-88. London: Academic Press.
2. Auestad N, Montalto MB, Hall RT, Fitzgerald KM, Wheeler RE, Connor WE, Neuringer M, Connor SL, Taylor JA & Hartmann EE (1997): Visual acuity, erythrocyte fatty acid composition, and growth in term infants fed formulas with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids for one year. Ross Pediatric Lipid Study. Pediatr. Res. 41, 1-10.
3. Birth EE, Birth DG, Hoffman D & Uauy R (1993): Dietary essential fatty acid supply and visual acuity development. Invest. Ophthal. Visual Sci. 33, 3242-3253.
4. Birch EE, Hoffman DR, Uauy R, Birch DG & Prestidge C (1998): Visual acuity and the essentiality of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in the diet of term infants. Pediatr. Res. 44, 201-209.
5. Bourre JM, Marianne FJ, Youyou A, Dumont O, Picotti M, Pascal G & Durand G (1989): The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on the composition of nerve membranes, enzymatic activity, amplitude of electrophysiological parameter, resistance to poisons and performance of learning tasks in rats. J. Nutr. 58, 511-520.
6. Budowski P, Leighfield MJ & Crawford MA (1987): Nutritional encephalomalacia in the chick: an exposure of the vulnerable period for cerebellar development and the possible need for both ω6 and ω3 fatty acids. Br. J. Nutr. 56, 511-520.
7. Carlson SE (1996): Arachidonic acid status of human infants: influence of gestational age at birth and diets with very long chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. J. Nutr. 126(4), 1092S-1098S.
8. Carlson SE, Rhodes PG & Ferguson MG (1986): Docosahexaenoic acid status of preterm infants at birth and following feeding with human milk or formula. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 44, 798-804.
9. Carlson SE, Cooke RJ, Rhodes PG, Peeples JM, Werkman SH & Tolley EA (1991): Long term feeding of formulas high in linolenic acid and marine fish oil to very low birth weight infants: phospholipid fatty acids. Pediatr. Res. 30, 404-412.
10. Carlson SE, Werkman SH, Peeples JM, Cooke RJ & Tolley EA (1993): Arachidonic acid status correlates with first year growth in preterm infants. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 1073-1077.
11. Carlson SE, Werkman SH, Peeples JM & Wilson WM (1994): Long-chain fatty acids and early visual and cognitive development of preterm infants. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 48(2), S27-30.
12. Carlson SE, Werkman SH & Tolley EA (1996a): Effect of long-chain essential fatty aeid supplementation on visual acuity and growth of preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63, 687-697.
13. Carlson SE, Ford AJ, Werkman SH, Peeples JM & Koo WW (1996b): Visual acuity and fatty acid status of term infants fed human milk and formulas with and without docosahexaenoate and arachidonate from egg yolk lecithin. Pediatr. Res. 39(5), 882-888.
14. Carlson SE, Montalto MB, Ponder DL, Werkman SH & Korones SB (1998): Lower incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants fed a preterm formula with egg phospholipids. Pediatr. Res. 44. 491-498.
15. Clausen J & Moller D (1967): Allergic encephalomyelitis induced by brain antigen after deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids during myelination. Acta Neurol. Scand. 43, 375-388.
16. Connor WE, Neuringer M & Reisbick S (1992): Essential fatty acids: the importance of n-3 fatty acids in the retina and brain. Nutr. Rev. 50, 21-29.
17. Crawford MA & Sinclair AJ (1972): Nutritional influences in the evolution of the mammalian brain. In: Lipids. Malnutrition and the Developing Brain, eds. K Elliot & J Knight, pp 267-292. Ciba Foundation Symposium. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
18. Crawford MA, Casperd NM & Sinclair AJ (1976): The long chain metabolites of linoleic and linolenic acids in liver and brain in herbivores and carnivores. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 54B, 395-401.
19. Crawford MA, Doyle W, Drury P, Ghebremeskel K, Harbige L, Leyton J & Williams G (1988): The food chain for n-6 and n-3 fatty acid. In: Proceedings of NATO Advanced Workshop on Dietary ω3 and ω6 Fatty Acids. Biological Effects and Nutritional Essentiality, Belgirate, eds. C Galli, AP Simopoulos, pp 5-19. New York: Plenum Press.
20. Crawford MA, Doyle W, Drury P, Lennon A, Costeloe K & Leighfield MJ (1989): N-6 and n-3 fatty acids during early human development. J. Intern. Med. 225(Suppl 1), 159-169.
21. Crawford MA, Costeloe K, Ghebremeskel K & Phylactos A (1998): The inadequacy of the essential fatty acid content in preterm infant. Eur J. Pediatr. 157(Suppl 1), S23-S27.
22. 13C-polyunsaturaled fatty acids in the synthesis of long chain fatty acids and cholesterol accumulating in the neonatal rat brain. J. Neurochem. 62, 2429-2436.
23. Emken EA, Adlof RO & Gulley RM (1994): Dietary linoleic acid influences desaturation and acylation of deuterium-labelled linoleic and alpha linolenic acids in young adult males. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1213, 277-288.
24. Escudero A. Montilla JC, Garcia JM, Sanchez-Quevedo MC, Periago JL, Hortelano P, Suarez MD (1998): Effect of dietary (n-9), (n-6) and (n-3) fatty acids on membrane lipid composition and morphology of rat crythrocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1394, 65-73.
25. FAO/WHO (1978): The role of dietary fats and oils in human nutrition. A Joint Expert Consultation, Nutrition Report no. 3. Rome: FAO.
26. Farquharson J, Cockburn F, Patrick AW, Jamieson E & Logan RW (1993): Infant cerebral cortex Phospholipid fatty acid composition and diet. Lancet 340, 810-813.
27. Farquharson J, Jamieson EC, Logan RW, Patrick WJA, Howatson AG & Cockburn F (1995): Age- and dietary-related distribution of hepatic arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid in early infancy. Pediatr. Res. 38(3), 361-365.
28. Folch J, Lees M & Slone-Stanley GH (1957): A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissue. J. Biol. Chem 226, 497-507.
29. Galli C & Soeini A (1983): Dietary lipids in pre- and post-natal development. In: Dietary Fats and Health, eds. EG Perkins & WJ Visek, vol. 16, pp. 278-301. Proceedings of American Oil Chemists' Society Conference, Chicago. USA.
30. Ghebremeskel K, Leighfield M, Leaf A, Costeloe K & Crawford MA (1995): Fatty acid composition of plasma red cell phospohilipids of preterm babies fed on breast milk and formulae Eur. J. Pediatr. 154, 46-52.
31. Gunstone F & Norris FA (1983): Lipids in Foods. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
32. Gurr MI (1984): Agricultural aspects of lipids. In:. The Lipid Handbook, eds. Gunstone FD, Harewood JL & Padley FB. London: Chapman & Hall.
33. Hilditch TP & Williams PN (1964): The Chemical Composition of Natural Fats. London, Chapman & Hall.
34. Hoffman DR & Uauy R (1992): Essentially of dietary omega 3-fatty acids for premature infants: plasma and red blood cell fatty acid composition. Lipids 55, 395-399.
35. Innis SM (1992): Plasma and red blood cell fatty acid values as indexes of essential fatty acids in the developing organs of infants fed with milk or formulas. J. Pediatr. 120 , S78-86.
36. Innis SM, Foote KD, MacKinnon MJ & King DJ (1990): Plasma and red blood cell fatty acids of low birthweight infants fed their mother's expressed milk or preterm infant formula. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51, 994-1000.
37. Jones CR, Arai T & Rapoport SI (1997): Evidence for the involvement of docosahexaenoic acid in cholinergic stimulated signal transduction at the synapse. Neurochem. Res. 22(6), 663-670.
38. Koletzko B & Braun M (1991): Arachidonic acid and early human growth. Is there a relation? Ann. Nutr. Metab. 35, 128-131.
39. Koletzko B, Decsi T & Demmelmair H (1996): Arachidonic acid supply and metabolism in human infants born at full term. Lipids 31(1), 79-83.
40. Lamptey MS & Walker BL (1976): A possible essential role for dietary linolenic acid in the development of the young rat. J. Nutr. 10, 86-89.
41. Leaf AA, Leighfield MJ, Costeloe KL & Crawford MA (1992): Factors affecting the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of plasma choline phospohglycerides in preterm infants. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 14, 300-308.
42. Leyton J, Drury PJ & Crawford MA (1987): Differential oxidation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in vivo in the rat. Br. J. Nutr. 57, 383-393.
43. Makrides M, Simmer K, Goggin M & Gibson RA (1993): Erthrocyte docasahexaenoic acid correlates with visual response of healthy term infants. Pediatr. Res. 34, 425-427.
44. Makrides M, Neumann MA, Byard RW, Simmer K & Gibson RA (1994): Fatty acid composition of brain, retina and erythrocytes in breast- and formula-fed infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 189-194.
45. Martinez M & Vazquez E (1998): MRI evidence that docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester improves myelination in generalized peroxisomal disorders Neurology 51, 26-32.
46. Maurage C, Guesnet P, Pinault M, Rochette de Lempdes J, Durand G, Antoine J & Couet C (1998): Effect of two types of fish oil supplementation on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids in formula-fed term infants. Biol. Neonate 74, 416-429.
47. Moore DJ, Gioioso S, Sills RH & Mendelsohn R (1999): Some relationships between membrane phospholipids domains conformational order, and cell shape in intact human erythrocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1415, 342-438.
48. Oski FA (1993): Infant nutrition, physical growth, breatfeeding, and general nutrition. Curr. Opin. Pediatr. 5, 385-388.
49. Putnam JC, Carlson SE. Devoe PW & Barness LA (1982): The effect of variations in dietary fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in human infants. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36, 106-114.
50. Ruyle M, Connor WE, Anderson GJ & Richard IL (1990): Placental transfer of essential fatty acids in humans: venous arterial difference for docosahexaenoic acid in fetal umbilical erythrocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 87, 7902-7906.
51. Scariati PD, Grummer-Strawn LM & Fein SB (1997)): A longitudinal analysis of infant morbidity and the extent of breastfeeding in the United States. Pediatrics 99(6), E5.
52. Sinclair AJ (1975): Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the mammalian brain. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 34, 287-291.
53. Sprecher H (1993): Interconversions between 20 and 22 carbon n-3 and n-6 fatty acids via 4-desaturase independent pathways. In: IIIrd International Congress on Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids, ed. AJ Sinclair & R Gibson, pp 18-22. American Oil Chemists' Society.
54. Suzuki H, Park SJ, Tamura M & Ando S (1998): Effect of the long-term feeding of dietary lipids on the learning ability, fatty acid composition of brain stem phospholipids and synaptic membrane fluidity in adult mice: a comparison of sardine oil diet with palm oil diet. Mech. Ageing Devl. 101, 119-128.
55. Tinoco J (1982): Dietary requirements and functions of α-linolenic acid in animals. Prog. Lipid Res. 20, 1-45.
56. Uauy R. Birch E & Birch D (1992): Visual and brain function measurements in study of n-3 fatty acid requirements of infants. J. Pediatr. 120, S168-180.
57. Velzing-Aarts F, van der Klis FRM, van der Dijs FPL & Muskiet FAJ (1999): Umbilical vessels of preeclamptic women have low contents of both n-3 and n-6 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69, 293-298.
58. Wainwright PE, Xing HC, Mutsaers L, McCutcheon D & Kyle D (1997): Arachidonic acid offsets the effects on mouse brain and behavior of a diet with a low (n-6):(n-3) ratio and very high levels of docosahexaenoic acid. J. Nutr. 127, 184-193.
59. Willatts P, Forsyth JS, DiModugno MK, Varma S & Colvin M (1998): Effect of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in infant formula on problem solving at 10 months of age. Lancet 352, 688-691.
60. Young C, Gean PW, Wu SP, Lin CH & Shen YZ (1998): Cancellation of low-frequency stimulation-induced long-term depression by docosahexaenoic acid in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci. Lett. 247, 198-200.