On the role of medial geometry in human vision

Journal of Physiology Paris

Volumn 97, Issue 2-3, 2003, Pages 155-190

  Kimia, Benjamin B ^a  

^a Brown University   (United States)

Author keywords

Brightness induction; Filling in phenomenon; Horizontal propagation; Intermediate level representation; Medial axis; Object recognition; Perceptual grouping; Shock graph; Wave propagation

Indexed keywords

BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; BRIGHTNESS; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; GEOMETRY; HUMAN; LUMINANCE; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; NERVE CELL NETWORK; PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SURFACE PROPERTY; THEORETICAL MODEL; VISION; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 0842303251     PISSN: 09284257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2003.09.003     Document Type: Review

References (185)

1. Gallant J.L., van Essen D.C., Nothdurft H.C. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional texture processing in visual cortex of the Macaque monkey. Papathomas T.V., Chubb C., Gorea A., Kowler E. Early Vision and Beyond. 1995;89-98 MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
2. Allman J., Miezin F., McGuinness E. Stimulus specific responses from beyond the classical receptive field: neurophysiological mechanisms for local-global comparisons in visual neurons. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 8:1985;407-430.
3. T. Alter, R. Basri, Extracting salient contours from images: an analysis of the saliency network, in: Proceedings of the IEEE CVPR, San Francisco, CA, 1996, pp. 13-20.
4. Anderson J.A. An Introduction to Neural Networks. 1995;MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
5. Arcelli C., Cordella L.P., Leviadi S. From local maxima to connected skeletons. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 3(2):1981;134-143.
6. Arcelli C., Sanniti di Baja G. A width-independent fast thinning algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. PAMI-7(4):1985;463-474.
7. Arcelli C., Sanniti di Baja G. Ridge points in Euclidean distance maps. Pattern Recognition Letters. 13(4):1992;237-243.
8. Arcelli C., Sanniti di Baja G. Euclidean skeleton via centre-of-maximal disc extraction. Image and Vision Computing. 11(3):1993;163-173.
9. Attneave F. Some informational aspects of visual perception. Psychological Review. 61:1954;183-193.
10. August J., Siddiqi K., Zucker S. Contour fragment grouping and shared, simple occluders. CVIU. 76(2):1999;146-162.
11. Aurenhammer F. Voronoi diagrams - a survey of fundamental geometric data structure. ACM Computing Survey. 23(3):1991;345-405.
12. Bakin J.S., Nakayama K., Gilbert C.D. Visual responses in monkey areas V1 and V2 to three dimensional surface configurations. Journal of Neuroscience. 20:2000;8188-8198.
13. Ballard D.H., Brown C.M. Computer Vision. 1982;Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
14. Bar-Lev A., Elber G. Visibility as an intrinsic property of geometric models. Wolter F., Patrikalakis N. Computer Graphics International (CGI'98), Hannover, Germany, June 1998. 1998;198-206 IEEE Computer Society.
15. Bear M., Connors B., Paradiso M. Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain. 2001;Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
16. Beck J., Hope B., Rosenfeld A. Human and Machine Vision. 1983;Academic Press, New York.
17. Biederman I. Recognition by components. Psychological Review. 94:1987;115-147.
18. Biederman I., Gerhardstein P.C. Recognizing depth-rotated objects: evidence and conditions for three-dimensional viewpoint invariance. Journal of Experimental Psychology. 19:1993;1162-1182.
19. Biederman I., Gerhardstein P.C. Viewpoint-dependent mechanisms in visual object recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 21:1995;1506-1514.
20. T.O. Binford, Visual perception by computer, in: IEEE Conference on Systems and Control, December 1971.
21. Blake A., Isard M. Active Contours. 1998;Springer-Verlag, New York.
22. Blum H. A transformation for extracting new descriptors of shape. Models for the Perception of Speech and Visual Form. 1967;362-380 MIT Press, Cambridge.
23. Blum H. A new model of global brain function. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 10:1967;381-408.
24. Blum H. Biological shape and visual science. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 38:1973;205-287.
25. Blum H. A geometry for biology. Annals of NY Academy of Sciences, Mathematical Analysis of Fundamental Biological Phenomena. 213:1974;19-30.
26. Blum H., Nagel R.N. Shape description using weighted symmetric axis features. Pattern Recognition. 10:1978;167-180.
27. G. Borgefors, I. Ragnemalm, G. Sanniti di Baja, The Euclidean distance transform: Finding the local maxima and reconstructing the shape, in: P. Johansen, S. Olsen (Eds.), Proceedings of Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis (SCIA 1991). Pattern Recognition Society of Denmark 1991, pp. 974-981.
28. Brady M. Criteria for Representations of Shape. 1983;Academic Press, New York. pp. 39-84.
29. Brady M., Asada H. Smoothed local symmetries and their implementation. International Journal of Robotics Research. 3(3):1984;36-61.
30. Bravo M., Blake R., Morrison S. Cats see subjective contours. Vision Research. 28:1988;861-865.
31. Bringuier V., Chavane F., Glaeser L., Fregnac Y. Horizontal propagation of visual activity in the synaptic integration field of area 17 neurons. Science. 283(January):1999;695-699.
32. Bruce J., Giblin P. Curves and Singularities. 1984;Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
33. Bruce J., Giblin P., Gibson C. Symmetry sets. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 101A:1985;163-186.
34. Bulthoff H., Edelman S. Psychophysical support for a 2-D view interpolation theory of object recognition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 89:1992;60-64.
35. Bulthoff H.H., Edelman S.Y., Tarr M.J. How are three-dimensional objects represented in the brain? Cerebral Cortex. 5(3):1995;247-260.
36. Burbeck C., Hadden S. Scaled position integration areas: accounting for Weber's law for separation. Journal of the Optical Society of America A. 10:1993;5-15.
37. C. Burbeck, S. Pizer, Linking object boundaries at scale: bisection with extended objects, Technical Report TR-94-041, University of North Carolina, Computer Sciences, 1994.
38. Burbeck C., Pizer S., Morse B., Ariely D., Zauberman G., Rolland J. Linking object boundaries at scale - a common mechanism for size and shape judgements. Vision Research. 36(3):1996;361-372.
39. Canny J. A computational approach to edge detection. IEEE Transactions Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 8:1986;679-698.
40. Cyr C.M., Kimia B.B. 3D object recognition using shape similarity-based aspect graph. Eighth International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'01), July 9-12, 2001, Vancouver, Canada. 2001;254-261 IEEE Computer Society Press.
41. C.M. Cyr, B.B. Kimia, A similarity-based aspect-graph approach to 3D object recognition, International Journal of Computer Vision, in press.
42. Devalois R., Webster M., Devalois K., Lingelbach B. Temporal properties of brightness and color induction. Vision Research. 26:1986;887-897.
43. do Carmo M.P. Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. 1976;Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
44. Dobbins A., Zucker S.W., Cynader M.S. Endstopped neurons in the visual cortex as a substrate for calculating curvature. Nature. 329:1987;438-441.
45. D. Eberly, R. Gardner, B. Morse, S.M. Pizer, C. Scharlach, Ridges for image analysis, Technical report, University of North Carolina Computer Science Department TR93-055, 1993.
46. Edelman S., Bulthoff H. Orientation dependence in recognition of familiar and novel views of three-dimensional objects. Vision Research. 32:1992;2385-2400.
47. Farouki R., Johnstone J. Computing point/curve and curve/curve bisectors. Fisher R.B. Design and Application of Curves and Surfaces: Mathematics of Surfaces. 1994;327-354 Oxford University Press, Oxford.
48. Farouki R.T., Johnstone J.K. The bisector of a point and a plane parametric curve. Computer Aided Geometric Design. 11:1994;117-151.
49. Fritsch D.S., Coggins J.M., Pizer S.M. A multiscale medial description of grayscale image structure. Proc. SPIE - Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. (USA). 1607:1992;324-335.
50. Fujita I., Tanaka K., Ito M., Cheng K. Columns for visual features of objects in monkey inferotemporal cortex. Nature. 360:1992;343-346.
51. Ge Y., Fitzpatric J.M. On the generation of skeletons from discrete Euclidean maps. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 18:1996;1055-1067.
52. Gee J. On matching brain volumes. PR. 32(1):1999;99-111.
53. Giblin P.J., Kimia B.B. On the intrinsic reconstruction of shape from its symmetries. PAMI. 25(7):2003;895-911.
54. Giblin P.J., Kimia B.B. On the local form and transitions of symmetry sets, and medial axes, and shocks in 2D. Seventh International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), September 20-25, 1999, KerKyra, Greece. 1999;385-391 IEEE Computer Society Press.
55. Giblin P.J., Kimia B.B. On the local form and transitions of symmetry sets, medial axes, and shocks. International Journal of Computer Vision. 54(1-3):2003;143-157.
56. P.J. Giblin, B.B. Kimia, Transitions of the 3D medial axis under a one-parameter family of deformations, in: Seventh European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV'02), May 28-31, 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark, IEEE, pp. 718-724.
57. Gibson B., Peterson M. Does orientation-independent object recognition precede orientation-dependent recognition? Evidence from a cueing paradigm. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 20:1994;299-316.
58. Gilbert C.D., Wiesel T.N. Clustered intrinsic connections in cat visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience. 3:1983;1116-1133.
59. Gray C.M., Singer W. Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. 86(5):1989;1698-1702.
60. Grinvald A., Lieke E., Frostig R., Hildesheim R. Cortical point-spread function long-range lateral interaction revealed by real-time optical imaging of Macaque monkey primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience. 14:1994;2545-2568.
61. Grossberg S. 3-D vision and figure-ground separation by visual cortex. Perception and Psychophysics. 55:1994;48-121.
62. Grossberg S., Mingolla E. Neural dynamics of perceptual grouping: textures, boundaries, and emergent segmentations. Perception and Psychophysics. 38:1985;141-171.
63. Guy G., Medioni G. Inferring global perceptual contours from local features. International Journal of Computer Vision. 20:1996;113-133.
64. Hayward W.G. Effects of outline shape in object recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 24(2):1998;427-440.
65. Heitger F., von der Heydt R., Peterhans E., Rosenthaler L., Kobler O. Simulation of neural contour mechanisms: representing anomalous contours. Image and Vision Computing. 16:1998;409-423.
66. Herault L., Horaud R. Figure-ground discrimination: a combinatorial approach. PAMI. 15(9):1993;899-914.
67. Hubel D., Wiesel T. Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. Journal of Physiology. 160:1962;106-154.
68. Hubel D.H., Wiesel T.N. Brain mechanisms of vision. Scientific American. 241(September):1979;150-162.
69. Humphrey G., Khan S. Recognizing novel views of three-dimensional objects. Canadian Journal of Psychology. 46:1992;170-190.
70. Huttenlocher D.P., Klanderman G.A., Rucklidge W.J. Comparing images using the Hausdorff distance. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 15:1993;850-863.
71. Huxlin K., Saunders R., Marchionini D., Pham H.-A., Merigan W. Perceptual deficits after lesions of inferotemporal cortex in Macaques. Cerebral Cortex. 10:2000;671-683.
72. Iverson L.A., Zucker S.W. Logical/linear operators for image curves. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 17(10):1995;982-996.
73. Jang B.-K., Chin R.T. Analysis of thinning algorithms using mathematical morphology. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 12(6):1990;541-551.
74. Janssen P., Vogels R., Orban G. Selectivity for 3D shape that reveals distinct areas within Macaque inferior temporal cortex. Science. 288:2000;2054-2056.
75. M.S. Johannes, T.B. Sebastian, H. Tek, B.B. Kimia, Perceptual organization as object recognition divided by two, in: Workshop on Perceptual Organization in Computer Vision, 2001, pp. 41-46.
76. Kandel E., Schwartz J., Jessell T. Essentials of Neural Science and Behavior. 2001;Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT.
77. Kanizsa G. Organization in Vision: Essays on Gestalt Perception. 1979;Praeger.
78. Kass M., Witkin A., Terzopoulos D. Snakes: active contour models. International Journal of Computer Vision. 1(4):1988;321-331.
79. Kellman P., Shipley T. A theory of visual interpolation in object perception. Cognitive Psychology. 23:1991;141-221.
80. M.F. Kelly, M.D. Levine, Annular symmetry operators: a method for locating and describing objects, in: Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, 1995, pp. 1016-1021.
81. B.B. Kimia, Conservation laws and a theory of shape, Ph.D. dissertation, McGill Center for Intelligent Machines, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 1990.
82. Kimia B.B., Frankel I., Popescu A.-M. Euler spiral for shape completion. Sarkar S., Boyer K.L. Recent Advances in Perceptual Organization for Artificial Vision Systems. 1999;289-309 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
83. Kimia B.B., Tannenbaum A.R., Zucker S.W. Toward a computational theory of shape: an overview. Proceedings of the First European Conference on Computer Vision, Antibes, France. 1990;402-407 Springer-Verlag, New York.
84. Kimia B.B., Tannenbaum A.R., Zucker S.W. Shapes, shocks, and deformations, I: the components of shape and the reaction-diffusion space. IJCV. 15(3):1995;189-224.
85. Kisvarday Z., Eysel U. Functional and structural topography of horizontal inhibitory connections in cat visual cortex. European Journal of Neuroscience. 5:1993;1558-1572.
86. P. Klein, T. Sebastian, B. Kimia, Shape matching using edit-distance: an implementation, in: Twelfth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), Washington, DC, January 7-9, 2001, pp. 781-790.
87. P. Klein, S. Tirthapura, D. Sharvit, B. Kimia, A tree-edit distance algorithm for comparing simple, closed shapes, in: Tenth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA), San Francisco, CA, January 9-11, 2000, pp. 696-704.
88. Kovacs I., Feher A., Julesz B. Medial-point description of shape: a representation for action coding and its psychophysical correlates. Vision Research. 38:1998;2323-2333.
89. Kovacs I., Julesz B. A closed curve is much more than an incomplete one: effect of closure in figure-ground segmentation. PNAS. 90(August):1993;7495- 7497.
90. Kovacs I., Julesz B. Perceptual sensitivity maps within globally defined visual shapes. Nature. 370(August):1994;644-646.
91. Lam L., Lee S.-W., Suen C.Y. Thinning methodologies - a comprehensive survey. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 14(9):1992;869-885.
92. Lamme V. Neuronal correlates of figure-ground segregation in primary cortex. Investigative Ophthalmology. 35:1994;1489.
93. Lamme V. The neurophysiology of figure-ground segmentation. Journal of Neuroscience. 15:1995;1605-1615.
94. Lamme V., Zipser K., Spekreijse H. Figure-ground signals in V1 depend on consciousness and feedback from extra-striate areas. Society of Neuroscience Abstract. 603(1):1997.
95. Lee T. Evidence for scale-invariant medial axis representation in primate striate cortex. Society of Neuroscience Abstract. 21:1995;1648.
96. Lee T. Neurophysiological evidence for image segmentation and medial axis computation in primate V1. Bower N.M. Computation and Neural System. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Computational Neuroscience Conference. 1996;Kluwer Academic Publishing, The Netherlands. pp. 373-378.
97. Lee T., Mumford D., Schiller P. Neuronal correlates of boundary and medial axis representations in primate visual cortex. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 36:1995;477.
98. Lee T., Nguyen M. Dynamics of subjective contour formation in the early visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Neurobiology. 98(4):2001;1907-1911.
99. Lee T.S., Mumford D., Romero R., Lamme V.A. The role of primary visual cortex in higher level vision. Vision Research. 38:1998;2429-2454.
100. Lettvin J., Maturana H., McCulloch W., Pitts W. What the frog's eye tells the frog brain. Proceedings of the IRE. 47:1959;1940-1951.
101. Levi D., Klein S., Aitsebaomo A. Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification. Vision Research. 1985;25.
102. F. Leymarie, 3-D shape representation via shock flows, Ph.D. dissertation, Division Of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, May 2002.
103. Leymarie F., Kimia B.B. The shock scaffold for representing 3D shapes. Arcelli C., Cordella L., di Baja G.S. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Visual Form, May 2001, Capri, Italy. 2001;216-228 Springer, New York.
104. Leymarie F., Kimia B.B. Symmetry-based representation of 3D data. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, October 2001, Thessaloniki, Greece. 2001;581-584 IEEE Computer Society Press.
105. Leymarie F., Levine M.D. Simulating the grassfire transform using an active contour model. IEEE Transactions Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 14(1):1992;56-75.
106. Leymarie F.F., Kimia B.B. Discrete 3D wave propagation for computing morphological operations from surface patches and unorganized points. Goutsias J., Vincent L., Bloomberg D. Mathematical Morphology and its Applications to Image and Signal Processing. Computational Imaging and Vision. vol. 18:2000;351-360 Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht. Proceedings of International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology (ISMM), June 2000, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
107. Leyton M. A process grammar for shape. Artificial Intelligence. 34:1988;213-247.
108. Li Z. A neural model of contour integration in the primary visual cortex. Neural Computation. 10:1998;903-940.
109. Li Z. Can V1 mechanisms account for figure-ground and medial axis effects? Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems. vol. 12: 1999;136-142 MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
110. Li Z. Pre-attentive segmentation in the primary visual cortex. Spatial Vision. 13:2000;25-50.
111. Liu T., Geiger D. Approximate tree matching and shape similarity. Seventh International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), September 20-25, 1999, KerKyra, Greece. 1999;456-462 IEEE Computer Society Press.
112. Liu Z. Viewpoint dependency in shape representation and recognition. Spatial Vision. 9(4):1996;491-521.
113. Logothetis N., Paul J., Bulthoff H., Poggio T. Viewer dependent object recognition by monkeys. Current Biology. 45:1994;401-414.
114. Lowe D. Perceptual Organization and Visual Recognition. 1985;Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA.
115. MacEvoy S., Kim W., Paradiso M. Integration of surface information in primary visual cortex. Nature Neuroscience. 1:1998;616-620.
116. Malach R., Amir Y., Harel M., Grinvald A. Relationship between intrinsic connections and functional architecture, revealed by optical imaging and in vivo targeted biocytine injections in primate striate cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA. 90:1993;10469-10473.
117. Marr D. Vision. 1982;W.H. Freeman, San Fransisco.
118. Marr D., Nishihara K.H. Representation and recognition of the spatial organization of three dimensional structure. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B. 200:1978;269-294.
119. Mendola J.D., Dale A.M., Fischl B., Liu A.K., Tootell R.B. The representation of illusory and real contours in human cortical visual areas revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neuroscience. 19(19):1999;8560-8572.
120. Meyer F. Digital Euclidean skeletons. SPIE, November 1990, Lausanne, Switzerland. vol. 1360:1990;251-262 SPIE.
121. Nakayama K., Shimojo S. Experiencing and perceiving visual surfaces. Science. 257:1992;1357-1363.
122. Ogniewicz R.L. Discrete Voronoi Skeletons. 1993;Hartung-Gorre.
123. Okabe A., Boots B., Sugihara K., Chiu S.N. Spatial Tessellations: Concepts and Applications of Voronoi Diagrams. second ed. 2000;John Wiley & Sons, New York.
124. Paik D., Beaulieu C., Jeffrey R., Rubin G., Napel S. Automated flight path planning for virtual endoscopy. Medical Physics. 25(5):1998;629-637.
125. Paradiso M., Hahn S. Filling-in percepts produced by luminance modulation. Vision Research. 36:1996;2657-2663.
126. Paradiso M.A., Nakayama K. Brightness perception and filling in. Vision Research. 31:1991;1221-1236.
127. Pavlidis T. A thinning algorithm for discrete binary images. Computer Graphics and Image Understanding. 13:1980;142-157.
128. Peterhans E., von der Heydt R. Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. II. Contours bridging gaps. Journal of Neuroscience. 9(5):1989;1749-1763.
129. Pizer S.M., Burbeck C.A. Object representation by cores: identifying and representing primitive spatial regions. Vision Research. 35(13):1995;1917-1930.
130. Pizer S.M., Oliver W.R., Bloomberg S.H. Hierarchical shape description via the multiresolution symmetric axis transform. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 9(4):1987;505-511.
131. Polat U., Sagi D. The architecture of perceptual spatial interactions. Vision Research. 34:1994;73-78.
132. Ramamurthy R., Farouki R.T. Voronoi diagram and medial axis algorithm for planar domains with curved object boundaries. I. Theoretical foundations. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 102(1):1998;119-141.
133. Ramamurthy R., Farouki R.T. Voronoi diagram and medial axis algorithm for planar domains with curved object boundaries. II. Detailed algorithm description. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 102(2):1998;253-277.
134. Rock I. An Introduction to Perception. 1975;MacMillan.
135. Rom H., Medioni G. Hierarchical decomposition and axial representation of shape. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 15(10):1993;973-981.
136. Rossi A., Paradiso M. Temporal limits of brightness induction and mechanisms of brightness perception. Vision Research. 36:1996;1391-1398.
137. Rossi A., Paradiso M. Neural correlates of brightness in the responses of neurons in the retina, LGN, and primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience. 19:1999;6145-6156.
138. Rossi A., Rittenhouse C., Paradiso M. The representation of brightness in primary visual cortex. Science. 273:1996;1104-1107.
139. Sanniti di Baja G. Well-shaped stable and reversible skeletons from the (3-4)-distance transform. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. 5:1994;107-115.
140. S. Sarkar, K. Boyer, Quantitative measures of change based on feature organization: eigenvalues and eigenvectors, in: Proceedings on the IEEE CVPR, San Fransisco, CA, 1996, pp. 478-483.
141. Sebastian T., Klein P., Kimia B. On aligning curves. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 25(1):2003;116-125.
142. T. Sebastian, P. Klein, B. Kimia, Recognition of shapes by editing their shock graphs, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, in press.
143. T.B. Sebastian, J.J. Crisco, P.N. Klein, B.B. Kimia, Constructing 2D curve atlases, in: Proceedings of Mathematical Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis, 2000, pp. 70-77.
144. T.B. Sebastian, B.B. Kimia, Metric-based shape retrieval in large databases, in: Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, August 11-15, 2002, Quebec City, QC, Canada, Computer Society Press, 3 30291-30296.
145. Sebastian T.B., Klein P.N., Kimia B.B. Alignment-based recognition of shape outlines. Arcelli C., Cordella L., di Baja G.S. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Visual Form, May 2001, Capri, Italy. 2001;606-618 Springer, New York.
146. Sebastian T.B., Klein P.N., Kimia B.B. Recognition of shapes by editing shock graphs. Eighth International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'01), July 9-12, 2001, Vancouver, Canada. 2001;755-762 IEEE Computer Society Press.
147. T.B. Sebastian, P.N. Klein, B.B. Kimia, Shock-based indexing into large shape databases, in: Seventh European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV'02), May 28-31, 2002, Copenhagen, Denmark, IEEE, Part III 731-746.
148. Serra J. Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology. 1982;Academic Press, New York.
149. Shapley R., Gordon J. A nonlinear mechanism for the perception of form. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 24:1983;238.
150. Sharvit D., Chan J., Tek H., Kimia B.B. Symmetry-based indexing of image databases. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation. 9(4):1998;366-380.
151. Shashua A., Ullman S. Structural saliency: the detection of globally salient structures using a locally connected network. ICCV. 1988;321-327.
152. Sherman S., Spear P. Organization of visual pathways in normal and visually deprived cats. Annual Review of Physiology. 62:1982;738-855.
153. Siddiqi K., Kimia B.B., Tannenbaunm A.R., Zucker S.W. On the psychophysics of the shape triangle. Vision Research. 41(9):2001;1153-1178.
154. Siddiqi K., Tresness K.J., Kimia B.B. On the anatomy of visual form. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Visual Form, May 1994, Capri, Italy. 1994;507-521 World Scientific, Singapore.
155. Siddiqi K., Tresness K.J., Kimia B.B. Parts of visual form: ecological and psychophysical aspects. Perception. 25:1996;399-424.
156. Smith S.M., Brady J.M. SUSAN: a new approach to low level image processing. International Journal of Computer Vision. 23(1):1997;45-78.
157. Tanaka K. Neuronal mechanisms of object recognition. Science. 262:1993;685-688.
158. Tanaka K. Inferotemporal cortex and object vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 19:1996;109-139.
159. Tari S., Shah J. Extraction of shape skeletons from grayscale images. Computer Vision Image Understanding. 66(2):1997;133-146.
160. Tarr M., Pinker S. Mental rotation and orientation-dependence in shape recognition. Cognitive Psychology. 21:1989;233-282.
161. Tarr M.J. Rotating objects to recognize them: a case study of the role of viewpoint dependency in the recognition of three-dimensional objects. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review. 2(1):1995;55-82.
162. Tarr M.J., Bulthoff H.H. Is human object recognition better described by geon-structural-descriptions or by multiple-views? Journal of Experimental Psychology. 21(6):1995;1494-1505.
163. H. Tek, B.B. Kimia, Symmetry map and symmetry transforms, in: IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'99), June 23-25, 1999, Fort Collins, CO, USA, IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 471-477.
164. Tek H., Kimia B.B. Symmetry maps of free-form curve segments via wave propagation. Seventh International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'99), September 20-25, 1999, KerKyra, Greece. 1999;362-369 IEEE Computer Society Press.
165. Tek H., Kimia B.B. Boundary smoothing via symmetry transforms. Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision. 14(3):2001;211-223.
166. Tek H., Kimia B.B. Symmetry maps of free-form curve segments via wave propagation. International Journal of Computer Vision. 54(1-3):2003;35-81.
167. H. Tek, P. Stoll, B.B. Kimia, Shocks from images: propagation of orientation elements, in: Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1997, pp. 839-845.
168. S. Tirthapura, D. Sharvit, P. Klein, B.B. Kimia, Indexing based on edit-distance matching of shape graphs, in: SPIE International Symposium on Voice, Video, and Data Communications, November 1998, Boston, pp. 25-36.
169. Tjan B., Legge G. The viewpoint complexity of an object-recognition task. Vision Research. 38:1998;2335-2350.
170. Ts'o D., Gilbert C., Wiesel T. Relationships between horizontal interactions and functional architecture in cat striate cortex as revealed by cross-correlation analysis. Journal of Neuroscience. 6:1986;1160-1170.
171. Verroust A., Lazarus F. Extracting skeletal curves from 3D scattered data. Shape Modeling International '99. International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications, March 1999, Aizu, Japan. 1999;IEEE Computer Society. pp. 194-201.
172. von der Heydt R., Peterhans E. Mechanisms of contour perception in monkey visual cortex. I. Lines of pattern discontinuity. Journal of Neuroscience. 9:1989;1731-1748.
173. von der Heydt R., Peterhans E., Baumgartner G. Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses. Science. 224:1984;1260-1262.
174. Wang G., Tanifuji M., Tanaka K. Functional architecture in monkey inferotemporal cortex revealed by in vivo optical imaging. Neuroscience Research. 32:1998;33-46.
175. Williams L., Jacobs D. Stochastic completion fields: a neural model of illusory contour shape and salience. Neural Computation. 9:1997;849-870.
176. Williams L., Thornber K. A comparison of measures for detecting natural shapes in cluttered backgrounds. International Journal of Computer Vision. 34(2/3):1999;1-16.
177. Wright M.W., Cipolla R., Giblin P.J. Skeletonization using an extended Euclidean distance transform. Image and Vision Computing. 13(5):1995;367-375.
178. Zhou Y., Kaufman A., Toga A.W. Three-dimensional skeleton and centerline generation based on an approximate minimum distance field. The Visual Computer. 14(7):1998;303-314.
179. Zhu S. Stochastic jump-diffusion process for computing medial axes in Markov random fields. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. 21(11):1999;1158-1169.
180. Zhu S.C., Yuille A.L. FORMS: a flexible object recognition and modeling system. International Journal of Computer Vision. 20(3):1996;187-212.
181. Zipser K., Lamme V., Schiller P. Contextual modulation in primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience. 16(22):1996;7376-7389.
182. Zipser K., Lee T., Lamme V., Schiller P. Invariance of figure-ground segregation mechanisms in V1 for depth, orientation, luminance, and chrominance cues. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 35:1994;1973.
183. Zucker S.W., Siddiqi K., Kimia B.B., Tannenbaum A. Categorical features in shape perception. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science. 40(4):1999;S399.
184. Siddiqi K., Shokoufandeh A., Dickinson S., Zucker S.W. Shock graphs and shape matching. International Journal of Computer Vision. 35(1):1999;13-32.
185. Girard P., Hupe J.M., Bullier N. Feedforward and feedback connections between areas V1 and V2 of the monkey have similar rapid conduction velocities. J.J. Neurophysiol. 85(3):2001;1328-1331.