The rationale for perioperative brain protection

European Journal of Anaesthesiology

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-5

  Hans, Pol ^a,b   Bonhomme, V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Body Temperature Changes, hypothermia; Central Nervous System Depressants, anaesthetics; Cerebrovascular Disorders, hypoxia ischaemia, brain; Surgical Procedures, Operative, intraoperative period

Indexed keywords

CENTRAL DEPRESSANT AGENT;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; BODY TEMPERATURE; BRAIN INJURY; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BRAIN PROTECTION; CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; HYPOTHERMIA; HYPOXIA; INTRAOPERATIVE PERIOD; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NEUROPROTECTION; NONHUMAN; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; PROPHYLAXIS; REVIEW;

ANESTHESIA; BRAIN DISEASES; HUMANS; ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING; PERIOPERATIVE CARE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS;

EID: 0347993934     PISSN: 02650215     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0265021504001012     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. The Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. New Engl J Med 2002; 346: 549-556.
2. Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. New Engl J Med 2001; 344: 556-563.
3. Hindman BJ, Todd MM, Gelb AW, et al. Mild hypothermia as a protective therapy during intracranial aneurysm surgery: a randomized prospective pilot trial. Neurosurgery 1999; 44: 23-32.
4. Schwab S, Schwarz S, Spranger M, Keller E, Bertram M, Hacke W. Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 1998; 29: 2461-2466.
5. Szczudlik A, Slowik A, Turaj W, et al. Transient hyperglycemia in ischemic stroke patients. J Neurol Sci 2001; 189: 105-111.
6. Van Den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. New Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1359-1367.
7. Chesnut RM, Marshall LF, Klauber MR, et al. The role of secondary brain injury in determining outcome from severe head injury. J Trauma 1993; 34: 216-222.
8. Chang HS, Hongo K, Nakagawa H. Adverse effects of limited hypotensive anesthesia on the outcome of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2000; 92: 971-975.
9. Wells B, Keats A, Cooley D. Increased tolerance to cerebral ischemia produced by general anaesthesia during temporary carotid occlusion. Surgery 1963; 54: 216-223.
10. Goldstein A, Wells B, Keats A. Increased tolerance to cerebral anoxia by pentobarbital. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1996; 161: 138-143.
11. Cole DJ, Shapiro HM, Drummond JC, Zivin JA. Halothane, fentanyl/nitrous oxide, and spinal lidocaine protect against spinal cord injury in the rat. Anesthesiology 1989; 70: 967-972.
12. Warner DS, McFarlane C, Todd MM, Ludwig P, McAllister AM. Sevoflurane and halothane reduce focal ischemic brain damage in the rat. Possible influence on thermoregulation. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 985-992.
13. Warner DS, Ludwig PS, Pearlstein R, Brinkhous AD. Halothane reduces focal ischemic injury in the rat when brain temperature is controlled. Anesthesiology 1995; 82: 1237-1245.
14. Miura Y, Grocott HP, Bart RD, Pearlstein RD, Dexter F, Warner DS. Differential effects of anesthetic agents on outcome from near-complete but not incomplete global ischemia in the rat. Anesthesiology 1998; 89: 391-400.
15. Gelb AW, Bayona NA, Wilson JX, Cechetto DF. Propofol anesthesia compared to awake reduces infarct size in rats. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1183-1190.
16. Schwab S, Spranger M, Schwarz S, Hacke W. Barbiturate coma in severe hemispheric stroke: useful or obsolete? Neurology 1997; 48: 1608-1613.
17. Nussmeier NA, Arlund C, Slogoff S. Neuropsychiatric complications after cardiopulmonary bypass: cerebral protection by a barbiturate. Anesthesiology 1986; 64: 165-170.
18. Zaidan JR, Klochany A, Martin WM, Ziegler JS, Harless DM, Andrews RB. Effect of thiopental on neurologic outcome following coronary artery bypass grafting. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 406-411.
19. Wilson JX, Gelb AW. Free radicals, antioxidants, and neurologic injury: possible relationship to cerebral protection by anesthetics. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2002; 14: 66-79.
20. Roach GW, Newman MF, Murkin JM, et al. Abstract Ineffectiveness of burst suppression therapy in mitigating perioperative cerebrovascular dysfunction. Multicenter Study of Perioperative Ischemia (McSPI) Research Group. Anesthesiology 1999; 90: 1255-1264.
21. Lei B, Popp S, Capuano-Waters C, Cottrell JE, Kass IS. Effects of low-dose lidocaine on cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Anesthesiology, 2002; ASA Meeting Abstracts, A-800.
22. Mitchell SJ, Pellett O, Gorman DF. Cerebral protection by lidocaine during cardiac operation. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 67: 1117-1124.
23. Warner DS, McFarlane C, Todd MM, Ludwig P, Mc Allister AM. Sevoflurane and halothane reduce focal ischemic brain damage in the rat. Anesthesiology 1993; 79: 985-992.
24. Werner C, Möllenberg O, Kochs E, Schulte am Esch J. Sevoflurane improves neurological outcome after incomplete cerebral ischaemia in rats. Br J Anaesth 1995; 75: 756-760.
25. Engelhard K, Werner C, Reeker W, et al. Desflurane and isoflurane improve neurological outcome after incomplete cerebral ischaemia in rats. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 415-421.
26. Sullivan BL, Leu D, Taylor DM, Fahlman CS, Bickler PE. Isoflurane prevent delayed cell death in an organotypic slice culture model of cerebral ischemia. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 189-195.
27. Engelhard K, Eberspächer E, Bachl M, Werner C, Kochs E. Sevoflurane influences the expression of apoptosis-regulating proteins after cerebral ischemia in rats over time. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2002; 14: 336.
28. Wilhelm S, Ma D, Mae M, Franks NP. Effects of Xenon on in vitro and in vivo models of neuronal injury. Anesthesiology 2002; 96: 1485-1491.
29. Pickard JD, Murray GD, Illingworth R, et al. Effect of oral nimodipine on cerebral infarction and outcome after subarachnoid haemorrhage: British aneurysm nimodipine trial. BMJ 1989; 298: 636-642.
30. Barker II FB, Ogilvy CS. Efficacy of prophylactic nimodipine for delayed ischemic deficit after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a metaanalysis. J Neurosurg 1996; 84: 405-414.
31. Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Algra A, Vermeulen M, van Gijn J. Calcium antagonists for aneurismal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database System Review 2000; 2: CD000277.
32. Ahmed N, Nasman P, Wahlgren NG. Effect of intravenous nimodipine on blood pressure and outcome after acute stroke. Stroke 2000; 31: 1250-1255.
33. Horn J, de Haan RJ, Vermeulen M, Limburg M. Very early nimodipine use in stroke (VENUS): A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Stroke 2001; 32: 461-465.
34. Marinov MB, Harbaugh KS, Hoopes PJ, Pikus HJ, Harbaugh RE. Neuroprotective effects of preischemia intraarterial magnesium sulfate in reversible focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 1996; 85: 117-124.
35. Feldman Z, Gurevitch B, Artru AA, et al. Effect of magnesium given 1 hour after head trauma on brain edema and neurological outcome. J Neurosurg 1996; 85: 131-137.
36. Heath DL, Vink R. Improved motor outcome in response to magnesium therapy received up to 24 hours after traumatic diffuse axonal brain injury in rats. J Neurosurg 1999; 90: 504-509.
37. Muir KW. Magnesium for neuroprotection in ischaemic stroke: rationale for use and evidence of effectiveness. CNS Drug 2001; 15: 921-930.
38. Arrowsmith JE, Harrison MJG, Newman SP, Srygall J, Timberlake N, Pugsley WB. Neuroprotection of the brain during cardiopulmonary bypass. A randomized trial of remacemide during coronary artery bypass in 171 patients. Stroke 1998; 29: 2357-2362.
39. Nishio S, Yunoki M, Chen ZF, Anzivino MJ, Lee KS. Ischemic tolerance in the rat neocortex following hypothermic preconditioning. J Neurosurg 2000; 93: 845-851.
40. Xiong L, Zhu Z, Dong H, Hu W, Hou L, Chen S. Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning induces. Chin Med J 2000; 113: 836-839.
41. Weih M, Kallenberg K, Bergk A, et al. Attenuated stroke severity after prodromal TIA. A role for ischemic tolerance in the brain? Stroke 1999; 30: 1851-1854.
42. Moncayo J, de Freitas GR, Bogousslavsky J, Altieri M, van Melle G. Do transient ischemic attacks have a neuroprotective effect? Neurology 2000; 54: 2089-2094.
43. ATP channels in myocytes. Circulation 2001; 103: 290-295.
44. ATP channels via multiple signaling pathways. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 4-14.
45. 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in a canine cardiac arrest model. Anesthesiology 2000; 93: 1285-1293.
46. Bhardwaj A, Castro III AF, Alkayed NJ, Hurn PD, Kirsch JR. Anesthetic choice of halothane versus propofol: impact on experimental perioperative stroke. Stroke 2001; 32: 1920-1925.
47. De Hert SG, ten Broecke PW, Mertens E, et al. Sevoflurane but not propofol preserves myocardial function in coronary surgery patients. Anesthesiology 2002; 97: 42-49.
48. Sirén AL, Ehrenreich H. Erythropoietin - a novel concept for neuroprotection. Eur Arch Psychiat Clin Neurosci 2001; 251: 179-184.