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85039578258
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Several combinations of reducing agents and solvent were examined, but magnesium in THF is the most effective. A zinc-copper couple, manganese, and samarium slowly produced 3 at 50 °C, but unknown side products also formed. At 70 °C, monochloride 2 decomposed quickly which makes the reductive recycle strategy not applicable at high temperature. Also see ref 6.
-
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38
-
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85039588393
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Triamide 1 was treated with 2 equiv of 1,1-dichloropropane instead of 15 equiv in order to minimize a side product which presumably arises from a Grignard reaction. Also see ref 6.
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85039570915
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19F NMR. See Supporting Information.
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Vacuum conditions have been used for alkene/alkyne metathesis polymerization. See: Wagener, K. B.; Boncella, J. M.; Nell, J. G.; Duttweiler, R. P.; Hillmyer, M. A. Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 365-374 and ref 2j.
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85039575869
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note
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215MoO(OH) (2063.60): C, 83.23; H, 10.55. Found: C. 83.99; H, 10.66.
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55
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85039573589
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note
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In closed systems, the ratio of product dimer-to-monomer reaching a constant value does not necessarily mean the reaction has reached equilibrium. We reasoned that metathesis of 9a-f and 11d did not reach the equilibrium due to catalyst poisoning by butyne polymerization and kinetically disfavored bulky intermediates. However, metathesis of butynyl substituted compounds 12a-f proceeded further, and no side reactions or intermediates were detected. In these examples, equilibrium is likely reached. This notion was further supported by the results of the forward and backward metathesis of 9f and 13. In both systems, a pathway-independent ratio of product dimer-to-monomer was observed, indicating that equilibrium had been attained. Variation in equilibrium constants may also explain the different product-to-starting material ratios in metathesis reactions of propynyl or butynyl substituted analogues.
-
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57
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85039565663
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note
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The equilibrium position was determined by conducting the metathesis reaction in both forward (starting from 13) and backward (starting from 14 and 3-hexyne) directions. In both cases, the same ratio (2:3) of dimer to monomer was obtained.
-
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58
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85039587083
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note
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3 (15) providing trialkoxymolybdenum alkylidyne complexes 16 with free aniline; see ref 11d and e.
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59
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85039572123
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Schrock reported that terminal alkynes are unsuitable in alkyne metathesis, which may be explained by the propensity of terminal alkylidynes to suffer ligand loss along the reaction pathway. See ref 19 and 22a-c. Recently it was reported by Fürstner that the terminal alkylidyne 3 exhibited poor metathesis activity. Using pure 3, we have followed up on this observation using 10 mol % 3 in the metathesis of 2-butynylbenzene with 11% conversion achieved, and we conclude that 3 is catalytically inactive.
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67
-
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85039582912
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note
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Based on the same idea of a coordinating effect, 2-propynylthiophene substrate is problematic, which could partially be due to its high coordinative character. However, the fact that metathesis occurs in THF and MeCN and that 2-butynylthiophene undergoes metathesis indicates the coordination of these molecules is reversible and the affinity of the Mo center to alkynes is high.
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85039570662
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Propynyl substituted compounds are the most commonly used substrates in alkyne metathesis in recent literature. See refs 2e,k, 4b, 8, 11d, and 16.
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77
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85039574455
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The same trend of reactivity was observed before by Schrock using W/Mo carbyne catalysts. See ref 11b.
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