From Proteasome to Lysosome: Studies on Yeast Demonstrate the Principles Of Protein Degradation in the Eukaryote Cell

Advances in Molecular and Cell Biology

Volumn 27, Issue C, 1998, Pages 43-70

  Thumm, Michael ^a   Wolf, Dieter H ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0345615615     PISSN: 15692558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S1569-2558(08)60457-9     Document Type: Article

References (203)

1. Achstetter T., Ehmann C., Osaki A., and Wolf D.H. Proteolysis in eukaryotic cells. Proteinase yscE, a new yeast peptidas. J. Biol. Chem. 259 (1984) 13344-13348
2. Achstetter T., and Wolf D.H. Hormone processing and membrane-bound proteinases in yeast. Embo J. 4 (1985) 173-177
3. Achstetter T., and Wolf D.H. Proteinases, proteolysis and biological control in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 1 (1985) 139-157
4. Ammerer G., Hunter C.P., Rothman J.H., Saari G.C., Vails L.A., and Stevens T.H. PEP4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes proteinase A, a vacuolar enzyme required for processing of vacuolar precursors. Mol Cell Biol 6 (1986) 2490-2499
5. Aplin A., Jasionowski T., Tuttle D.L., Lenk S.E., and Dunn W.J. Cytoskeletal elements are required for the formation and maturation of autophagic vacuoles. J. Cell Physiol. 152 (1992) 458-466
6. Arlt H., Tauer R., Feldmann H., Neupert W., and Langer T. The YTA10-12 complex, an AAA protease with chaperone-like activity in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Cell 85 (1996) 875-885
7. Baba M., Osumi M., and Ohsumi Y. Analysis of the membrane structures involved in autophagy in yeast by freeze-replica method. Cell Struct. Func. 20 (1995) 465-471
8. Baba M., Takeshige K., Baba N., and Ohsumi Y. Ultrastructural analysis of the autophagic process in yeast: detection of autophagosomes and their characterization. J. Cell Biol. 124 (1994) 903-913
9. Bachmair A., Finley D., and Varshavsky A. In vivo half-life of a protein is a function of its amino-terminal residue. Science 234 (1986) 179-186
10. Balzi E., Chen W.N., Capieaux E., McCusker J.H., Haber J.E., and Goffeau A. The suppressor gene scll + of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for growth [published erratum appears in Gene 1990 Apr 30; 89(1): 151]. Gene 83 (1989) 271-279
11. Basile G., Aker M., and Mortimer R.K. Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional regulation of the yeast recombinational repair gene RAD51. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12 (1992) 3235-3246
12. Biederer T., Volkwein C., and Sommer T. Degradation of subunits of the Sec61p complex, an integral component of the ER membrane, by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. EMBO J. 15 (1996) 2069-2076
13. Bohley P., and Seglen P.O. Proteases and proteolysis in the lysosome. Experientia 48 (1992) 151-157
14. Bonifacio J.S., and Klausner R.D. Degradation of proteins retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. In: Ciechanover A., and Schwartz A.L. (Eds). Cellular Proteolytic Systems 15 (1994), Wiley-Liss, New York 137-160
15. Bordallo J., Bordallo C., Gascon S., and Suarez-Rendueles P. Molecular cloning and sequencing of genomic DNA encoding yeast vacuolar carboxypeptidase yscS. FEBS Lett. 283 (1991) 27-32
16. Bordallo J., and Suarez-Rendueles P. Identification of regulatory proteins that might be involved in carbon catabolite repression of the aminopeptidase I gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 376 (1995) 120-124
17. Cereghino J.L., Marcusson E.G., and Emr S.D. The cytoplasmic tail domain of the vacuolar protein-sorting receptor Vps10p and a subset of VPS gene products regulate receptor stability, function, and localization. Mol. Biol. Cell 6 (1995) 1089-1102
18. Chang Y.H., and Smith J.A. Molecular cloning and sequencing of genomic DNA encoding aminopeptidase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 6979-6983
19. Chau V., Tobias J.W., Bachmair A., Marriott D., Ecker D.J., Gonda D.K., and Varshavsky A. A multiubiquitin chain is confined to specific lysine in a targeted short-lived protein. Science 243 (1989) 1576-1583
20. Chen P., and Hochstrasser M. Biogenesis, structure and function of the yeast 20S proteasome. EMBO J. 14 (1995) 2620-2630
21. Chen P., and Hochstrasser M. Autocatalytic subunit processing couples active site formation in the 20S proteasome to completion of assembly. Cell 86 (1996) 961-972
22. Chen P., Johnson P., Sommer T., Jentsch S., and Hochstrasser M. Multiple ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes participate in the in vivo degradation of the yeast MAT alpha 2 repressor. Cell 74 (1993) 357-369
23. Chiang H.L., and Schekman R. Regulated import and degradation of acytosolic protein in the yeast vacuole. Nature 350 (1991) 313-318
24. Chiang H.L., Terlecky S.R., Plant C.P., and Dice J.F. A role for a 70-kilodalton heat shock protein in lysosomal degradation of intracellular proteins. Science 246 (1989) 382-385
25. Conibear E., and Stevens T.H. Vacuolar biogenesis in yeast: sorting out the sorting proteins. Cell 83 (1995) 513-516
26. Coux O., Tanaka K., and Goldberg A.L. Structure and functions of the 20S and 26S proteasomes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65 (1996) 801-847
27. Cuervo A.M., and Dice J.F. A receptor for the selective uptake and degradation of proteins by lysosomes. Science 273 (1996) 501-503
28. Cuervo A.M., Knecht E., Terlecky S.R., and Dice J.F. Activation of a selective pathway of lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver by prolonged starvation. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (1995) C1200-C1208
29. Cueva R., Garcia A.N., and Suarez R.P. Yeast vacuolar aminopeptidase yscl. Isolation and regulation of the APE1 (LAP4) structural gene. FEBS Lett. 259 (1989) 125-129
30. Dalbey R.E., and Von Heijne G. Signal peptidases in prokaryotes and eukaryotes-a new protease family [published erratum appears in Trends Biochem Sci 1993 Jan; 18(1):25]. Trends Biochem. Sci. 17 (1992) 474-478
31. De Marini D.J., Papa F.R., Swaminathan S., Ursic D., Rasmussen T.P., Culbertson M.R., and Hochstrasser M. The yeast SEN3 gene encodes a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome complex required for ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (1995) 6311-6321
32. Deshaies R.J., Chau V., and Kirschner M. Ubiquitination of the Gl cyclin Cln2p by a Cdc34p-dependent pathway. EMBO J. 14 (1995) 303-312
33. Dice J.F. Peptide sequences that target cytosolic proteins for lysosomal proteolysis. Trends Biochem. Sci. 15 (1990) 305-309
34. Dubiel W., Ferrell K., and Rechsteiner M. Subunits of the regulatory complex of the 26S protease. Mol. Biol. Rep. 21 (1995) 27-34
35. Dunn W.J. Studies on the mechanisms of autophagy: formation of the autophagic vacuole. J. Cell Biol. 110 (1990) 1923-1933
36. Dunn W.J. Studies on the mechanisms of autophagy: maturation of the autophagic vacuole. J. Cell Biol. 110 (1990) 1935-1945
37. Dunn W.J. Autophagy and related mechanisms of lysosome-mediated protein degradation. Trends Cell Biol. 4 (1994) 139-143
38. Egner R., and Kuchler K. The yeast multidrug transporter Pdr5 of the plasma membrane is ubiquitinated prior to endocytosis and degradation in the vacuole. FEBS Lett. 378 (1996) 177-181
39. Egner R., Mahe Y., Pandjaitan R., and Kuchler K. Endocytosis and vacuolar degradation of the plasma membrane-localized Pdr5 ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell Biol. 15 (1995) 5879-5887
40. Egner R., Thumm M., Straub M., Simeon A., Schüller H.J., and Wolf D.H. Tracing intracellular proteolytic pathways. Proteolysis of fatty acid synthase and other cytoplasmic proteins in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 27269-27276
41. Elias S., Bercovich B., Kahana C., Coffino P., Fischer M., Hilt W., Wolf D.H., and Ciechanover A. Degradation of omithine decarboxylase by the mammalian and yeast 26S proteasome complexes requires all the components of the protease. Eur. J. Biochem. 229 (1995) 276-283
42. Emori Y., Tsukahara T., Kawasaki H., Ishiura S., Sugita H., and Suzuki K. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of three subunits of yeast proteasome. Mol. Cell Biol. 11 (1991) 344-353
43. Enenkel C., Lehmann H., Kipper J., Guckel R., Hilt W., and Wolf D.H. PRE3, highly homologous to the human major histocompatibility complex-linked LMP2 (RING 12) gene, codes for a yeast proteasome subunit necessary for the peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing activity. FEBS Lett. 341 (1994) 193-196
44. Finger A., Knop M., and Wolf D.H. Analysis of two mutated vacuolar proteins reveals a degradation pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum or a related compartment of yeast. Eur. J. Biochem. 218 (1993) 565-574
45. Rnley D., and Chau V. Ubiquitination. Ann. Rev. Cell Biol. 7 (1991) 25-69
46. Fischer M., Hilt W., Richter R.B., Gonen H., Ciechanover A., and Wolf D.H. The 26S proteasome of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 355 (1994) 69-75
47. Frey J., and Rohm K.H. Subcellular localization and levels of aminopeptidases and dipeptidase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 527 (1978) 31-41
48. Friedman H., Goebel M., and Snyder M. A homolog of the proteasome-related RING 10 gene is essential for yeast cell growth. Gene 122 (1992) 203-206
49. Frohlich K.U., Fries H.W., Rudiger M., Erdmann R., Botstein D., and Mecke D. Yeast cell cycle protein CDC48p shows full-length homology to the mammalian protein VCP and is a member of a protein family involved in secretion, peroxisome formation, and gene expression. J. Cell Biol. 114 (1991) 443-453
50. Fujiwara T., Tanaka K., Orino E., Yoshimura T., Kumatori A., Tamura T., Chung C.H., Nakai T., Yamaguchi K., Shin S., et al. Proteasomes are essential for yeast proliferation. cDNA cloning and gene disruption of two major subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 265 (1990) 16604-16613
51. Georgatsou E., Georgakopoulos T., and Thireos G. Molecular cloning of an essential yeast gene encoding a proteasomal subunit. FEBS Lett. 299 (1992) 39-43
52. Ghislain M., Udvardy A., and Mann C. S. cerevisiae 26S protease mutants arrest cell division in G2/metaphase. Nature 366 (1993) 358-362
53. Goffeau A., Barrell B.G., Bussey H., Davis R.W., Dujon B., Feldmann H.F., Galibert Hoheisel J.D., Jacq C., Johnston M., Louis E.J., Mewes H.W., Murakami Y., Philippsen P., Tettelin H., and Oliver S.G. Life with 6000 genes. Science 274 (1996) 546
54. Gordon P.B., Hoyvik H., and Seglen P.O. Prelysosomal and lysosomal connections between autophagy and endocytosis. Biochem. J. 283 (1992) 361-369
55. Groll M., Ditzel L., Lowe J., Stock D., Bochtler M., Bartunik H.D., and Huber R. Structure of 20S proteasome from yeast at 2.4 A resolution. Nature 386 (1997) 463-471
56. Haffter P., and Fox T.D. Nucleotide sequence of PUP1 encoding a putative proteasome subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 19 (1991) 5075
57. Hahn M. Das proteolytische Enzym des Hefepreßsaftes. Ber. Dt. Chem. Ges. 31 (1898) 200
58. Hampton R.Y., Gardner R.G., and Rine J. Role of 26S proteasome and HRD genes in the degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, an integral endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Mol. Biol. Cell 7 (1996) 2029-2044
59. Harding T.M., Hefner-Gravink A., Thumm M., and Klionsky D.J. Genetic and phenotypic overlap between autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 17621-17624
60. Harding T.M., Morano K., Scott A.S.V., and Klionsky D.J. Isolation and characterization of yeast mutants in the cytoplasm to vacuole protein targeting pathway. J. Cell Biol. 131 (1995) 591-602
61. Hartl F.U., and Neupert W. Protein sorting to mitochondria: evolutionary conservations of folding and assembly. Science 247 (1990) 930-938
62. Hasilik A., and Tanner W. Biosynthesis of the vacuolar yeast glycoprotein carboxypeptidase Y. Conversion of precursor into the enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 85 (1978) 599-608
63. Hein C., Springael J.Y., Volland C., Haguenauer T.R., and Andre B. NP11, an essential yeast gene involved in induced degradation of Gapl and Fur4 permeases, encodes the Rsp5 ubiquitin-protein ligase. Mol. Microbiol. 18 (1995) 77-87
64. Heinemeyer W., Fischer M., Krimmer T., Stachon U., and Wolf D.H. The active sites of the eukaryotic 20S proteasome and their involvement in the subunit precursor processing. J. Biol. Chem. 272 (1997) 25200-25209
65. Heinemeyer W., Gruhler A., Mohrle V., Mahe Y., and Wolf D.H. PRE2, highly homologous to the human major histocompatibility complex-linked RING 10 gene, codes for a yeast proteasome subunit necessary for chrymotryptic activity and degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 5115-5120
66. Heinemeyer W., Kleinschmidt J.A., Saidowsky J., Escher C., and Wolf D.H. Proteinase yscE, the yeast proteasome/multicatalytic-multifunctional proteinase: mutants unravel its function in stress induced proteolysis and uncover its necessity for cell survival. EMBO J. 10 (1991) 555-562
67. Heinemeyer W., Trondle N., Albrecht G., and Wolf D.H. PRE5 and PRE6, the last missing genes encoding 20S proteasome subunits from yeast? Indication for a set of 14 different subunits in the eukaryotic proteasome core. Biochemistry 33 (1994) 12229-12237
68. Hemmings B.A., Zubenko G.S., Hasilik A., and Jones E.W. Mutant defective in processing of an enzyme located in the lysosome-like vacuole of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78 (1981) 435-439
69. Hershko A., and Ciechanover A. Mechanisms of intracellular protein breakdown. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 51 (1982) 335-364
70. Hershko A., and Ciechanover A. The ubiquitin system for protein degradation. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 61 (1992) 761-807
71. Herskowitz I. Life cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol. Rev. 52 (1988) 536-553
72. Hicke L., and Riezman H. Ubiquitination of a yeast plasma membrane receptor signals its ligand-stimulated endocytosis. Cell 84 (1996) 277-287
73. Hieter P., Bassett Jr. D.E., and Valle D. The yeast genome-a common currency. Nat. Genet. 13 (1996) 253-255
74. Hiller M.M., Finger A., Schweiger M., and Wolf D.H. ER degradation of a misfolded luminal protein by the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Science 273 (1996) 1725-1728
75. Hilt W., Enenkel G., Gruhler A., Singer T., and Wolf D.H. The PRE4 gene codes for asubunit of the yeast proteasome necessary for peptidylglutamyl-peptide-hydrolyzing activity. Mutations link the proteasome to stress- and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 3479-3486
76. Hilt W., and Wolf D.H. Stress-induced proteolysis in yeast. Mol. Microbiol. 6 (1992) 2437-2442
77. Hilt W., and Wolf D.H. Proteasomes of the yeast S. cerevisiae: genes, structure and functions. Mol. Biol. Rep. 21 (1995) 3-10
78. Hilt W., and Wolf D.H. Proteasomes: destruction as a programme. Trend. Biochem. Sci. 21 (1996) 96-101
79. Hirsch H.H., Schiffer H.H., Muller H., and Wolf D.H. Biogenesis of the yeast vacuole (lysosome). Mutation in the active site of the vacuolar serine proteinase yscB abolishes proteolytic maturation of its 73-kDa precursor to the 41.5-kDa pro-enzyme and a newly detected 41-kDapeptide [published erratum appears in Eur J Biochem 1992 May 1; 205(3):1217]. Eur. J. Biochem. 203 (1992) 641-653
80. Hirsch H.H., Schiffer H.H., and Wolf D.H. Biogenesis of the yeast vacuole (lysosome). Proteinase yscB contributes molecularly and kinetically to vacuolar hydrolase-precursor maturation. Eur. J. Biochem. 207 (1992) 867-876
81. Hirsch H.H., Suarez-Rendueles P., and Wolf D.H. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) proteinases: structure, characteristics, function. In: Walton E.F., and Yarranton G.T. (Eds). Molecular and Cell Biology of Yeasts (1989), Blackie, Glasgow and Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York 134-200
82. Hochstrasser M. Ubiquitin, proteasomes, and the regulation of intracellular protein degradation. Curr. Opin. Cell. Biol. 7 (1995) 215-223
83. Hochstrasser M. Ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation. Ann. Rev. Genet. 30 (1996) 405-439
84. Holzer H. Catabolite inactivation in yeast. Trends Biochem. Sci. 1 (1976) 178-181
85. Horak J., and Wolf D.H. Catabolite Inactivation of the galactose transporter in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Ubiquitination, endocytosis, and degradation in the vacuole. J. Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 1541-1549
86. Hough R., Pratt G., and Rechsteiner M. Ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugates. Identification and characterization of an ATP-dependent protease from rabbit reticulocyte lysates. J. Biol. Chem. 261 (1986) 2400-2408
87. Johnson L.M., Bankaitis V.A., and Emr S.D. Distinct sequence determinants direct intracellular sorting and modification of a yeast vacuolar protease. Cell 48 (1987) 875-885
88. Jones E.W. The synthesis and function of proteases in Saccharomyces: genetic approaches. Ann. Rev. Genet. 18 (1984) 233-270
89. Jones E.W. Three proteolytic systems in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 7963-7966
90. Jones E.W., Zubenko G.S., and Parker R.R. PEP4 gene function is required for expression of several vacuolar hydrolases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 102 (1982) 665-677
91. Julius D., Brake A., Blair L., Kunisawa R., and Thorner J. Isolation of the putative structural gene for the lysine-arginine-cleaving endopeptidase required for processing of yeast prepro-alpha-factor. Cell 37 (1984) 1075-1089
92. King R.W., Deshaies R.J., Peters J.M., and Kirschner M.W. How proteolysis drives the cell cycle. Science 274 (1996) 1652-1659
93. Kleinschmidt J.A., Escher C., and Wolf D.H. Proteinase yscE of yeast shows homology with the 20 S cylinder particles of Xenopus laevis. FEBS Lett. 239 (1988) 35-40
94. Klionsky D.J., Banta L.M., and Emr S.D. Intracellular sorting and processing of a yeast vacuolar hydrolase: proteinase A propeptide contains vacuolar targeting information. Mol. Cell Biol. 8 (1988) 2105-2116
95. Klionsky D.J., Cueva R., and Yaver D.S. Aminopeptidase I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is localized to the vacuole independent of the secretory pathway. J. Cell Biol. 119 (1992) 287-299
96. Klionsky D.J., Herman P.K., and Emr S.D. The fungal vacuole: composition, function, and biogenesis. Microbiol. Rev. 54 (1990) 266-292
97. Rolling R., and Hollenberg C.P. The ABC-transporter Ste6 accumulates in the plasma membrane in a ubiquitinated form in endocytosis mutants. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 3261-3271
98. Kominami K., DeMartino G.N., Moomaw C.R., Slaughter C.A., Shimbara N., Fujimuro M., Yokosawa H., Hisamatsu H., Tanahashi N., Shimizu Y., et al. Ninlp, a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome, is necessary for activation of Cdc 28p kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 14 (1995) 3105-3115
99. Kopitz J., Kisen G.O., Gordon P.B., Bohley P., and Seglen P.O. Nonselective autophagy of cytosolic enzymes by isolated rat hepatocytes. J. Cell Biol. 111 (1990) 941-953
100. Kopp F., Dahlmann B., and Hendil K.B. Evidence indicating that the human proteasome is a complex dimer. J. Mol. Biol. 229 (1993) 14-19
101. Kopp F., Hendil K.B., Dahlmann B., Kristensen P., Sobek A., and Uerkvitz W. Subunit arrangement in the human 20S proteasome. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 94 (1997) 2939-2944
102. Kornitzer D., Raboy B., Kulka R.G., and Fink G.R. Regulated degradation of the transcription factor Gcn4. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 6021-6030
103. Kutejova E., Durcova G., Surovkova E., and Kuzela S. Yeast mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease: purification and comparison with the homologous rat enzyme and the bacterial ATP-dependent protease La. FEBS Lett. 329 (1993) 47-50
104. Lawrence B.P., and Brown W.J. Autophagic vacuoles rapidly fuse with pre-existing lysosomes in cultured hepatocytes. J. Cell Sci. 102 (1992) 515-526
105. Lee D.H., Tanaka K., Tamura T., Chung C.H., and Ichihara A. PRS3 encoding an essential subunit of yeast proteasomes homologous to mammalian proteasome subunit C5. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 182 (1992) 452-460
106. Lenney J.F. Three yeast proteins that specifically inhibit yeast proteases A, B, and C. J. Bacteriol. 122 (1975) 1265-1273
107. Leonhard K., Herrmann J.M., Stuart R.A., Mannhaupt G., Neupert W., and Langer T. AAA proteases with catalytic sites on opposite membrane surfaces comprise a proteolytic system for the ATP-dependent degradation of inner membrane proteins in mitochondria. EMBO J. 15 (1996) 4218-4229
108. Löwe J., Stock D., Jap B., Zwickl P., Baumeister W., and Huber R. Crystal structure of the 20S proteasome from the archaeon T. acidophilum at 3.4 A resolution [see comments]. Science 268 (1995) 533-539
109. Madura K., and Varshavsky A. Degradation of G alpha by the N-end rule pathway. Science 265 (1994) 1454-1458
110. Mamroud-Kidron E., Rosenberg-Hasson Y., Rom E., and Kahana C. The 20S proteasome mediates the degradation of mouse and yeast ornithine decarboxylase in yeast cells. FEBS Lett. 337 (1994) 239-242
111. Marcusson E.G., Horazdovsky B.F., Cereghino J.L., Gharakhanian E., and Emr S.D. The sorting receptor for yeast vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y is encoded by the VPS10 gene. Cell 77 (1994) 579-586
112. Matsuura A., Tsukada M., Wada Y., and Ohsumi Y. Apglp, a novel protein kinase required for the autophagic process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gene 192 (1997) 245-250
113. McCracken A.A., and Brodsky J.L. Assembly of ER-associated protein degradation in vitro: dependence on cytosol, calnexin, and ATP. J. Cell Biol. 132 (1996) 291-298
114. Mechler B., Hirsch H.H., Muller H., and Wolf D.H. Biogenesis of the yeast lysosome (vacuole): biosynthesis and maturation of proteinase yscB. EMBO J. 7 (1988) 1705-1710
115. Mechler B., Muller M., Muller H., Meussdoerffer R., and Wolf D.H. In vivo biosynthesis of the vacuolar proteinases A and B in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 11203-11206
116. Mechler B., and Wolf D.H. Analysis of proteinase A function in yeast. Eur. J. Biochem. 121 (1981) 47-52
117. Mendenhall M.D. An inhibitor of p34CDC28 protein kinase activity from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 259 (1993) 216-219
118. Moehle C.M., Dixon C.K., and Jones E.W. Processing pathway for protease B of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Cell Biol. 108 (1989) 309-325
119. Moehle C.M., Tizard R., Lemmon S.K., Smart J., and Jones E.W. Protease B of the lysosomelike vacuole of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is homologous to the subtilisin family of serine proteases. Mol. Cell Biol. 7 (1987) 4390-4399
120. Nebes V.L., and Jones E.W. Activation of the proteinase B precursor of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by autocatalysis and by an internal sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 22851-22857
121. Nothwehr S.F., and Stevens T.H. Sorting of membrane proteins in the yeast secretory pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 10185-10188
122. Nugroho T.T., and Mendenhall M.D. An inhibitor of yeast cyclin-dependent protein kinase plays an important role in ensuring the genomic integrity of daughter cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 14 (1994) 3320-3328
123. Nunnari J., Fox T.D., and Walter P. A mitochondrial protease with two catalytic subunits of nonoverlapping specificities. Science 262 (1993) 1997-2004
124. Papa F.R., and Hochstrasser M. The yeast DOA4 gene encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme related to a product of the human tre-2 oncogene. Nature 366 (1993) 313-319
125. Peters J.M. Proteasomes: protein degradation machines of the cell. Trends Biochem. Sci. 19 (1994) 377-382
126. Pilon M., Schekman R., and Romisch K. Sec61p mediates export of a misfolded secretory protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol for degradation. Emb. J. 16 (1997) 4540-4548
127. Plemper R.K., Bohmler S., Bordallo J., Sommer T., and Wolf D.H. Mutant analysis links the translocon and BiP to retrograde protein transport for ER degradation. Nature 388 (1997) 891-895
128. Pryer N.K., Wuestehube L.J., and Schekman R. Vesicle-mediated protein sorting. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 61 (1992) 471-516
129. Puhler G., Weinkauf S., Bachmann L., Muller S., Engel A., Hegerl R., and Baumeister W. Subunit stoichiometry and three-dimensional arrangement in proteasomes from Thermoplasma acidophilum. EMBO J. 11 (1992) 1607-1616
130. Rendueles P.S., and Wolf D.H. Proteinase function in yeast: biochemical and genetic approaches to a central mechanism of post-translational control in the eukaryote cell. Ferns Microbiol. Rev. 4 (1988) 17-45
131. Riballo E., Herweijer M., Wolf D.H., and Lagunas R. Catabolite inactivation of the yeast maltose transporter occurs in the vacuole after internalization by endocytosis. J. Bacteriol. 177 (1995) 5622-5627
132. Richter-Ruoff B., Heinemeyer W., and Wolf D.H. The proteasome/multicatalytic-multifunctional proteinase. In vivo function in the ubiquitin-dependent N-end rule pathway of protein degradation in eukaryotes. FEBS Lett. 302 (1992) 192-196
133. Richter-Ruoff B., and Wolf D.H. Proteasome and cell cycle. Evidence for a regulatory role of the protease on mitotic cyclins in yeast. FEBS Lett. 336 (1993) 34-36
134. Richter-Ruoff B., Wolf D.H., and Hochstrasser M. Degradation of the yeast MAT alpha 2 transcriptional regulator is mediated by the proteasome [published erratum appears in FEBS Lett 1995 Jan 16; 358(1): 104]. FEBS Lett. 354 (1994) 50-52
135. Rivett A.J. Eukaryotic protein degradation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2 (1990) 1143-1149
136. Rivett A.J. Proteasomes: multicatalytic proteinase complexes. Biochem. J. 291 (1993) 1-10
137. Rivett A.J., and Knecht E. Proteasome location. Curr. Biol. 3 (1993) 127-129
138. Roberts C.J., Nothwehr S.F., and Stevens T.H. Membrane protein sorting in the yeast secretory pathway: evidence that the vacuole may be the default compartment. J. Cell Biol. 119 (1992) 69-83
139. Roberts C.J., Pohlig G., Rothman J.H., and Stevens T.H. Structure, biosynthesis, and localization of dipeptidylaminopeptidase B, an integral membrane glycoprotein of the yeast vacuole. J. Cell Biol. 108 (1989) 1363-1373
140. Rothman J.E. Polypeptide chain binding proteins: catalysts of protein folding and related processes in cells. Cell 59 (1989) 591-601
141. Rubin D.M., Coux O., Wefes I., Hengartner C., Young R.A., Goldberg A.L., and Finley D. Identification of the gal4 suppressor Sugl as a subunit of the yeast 26S proteasome. Nature 379 (1996) 655-657
142. Rubin D.M., and Finley D. Proteolysis. The proteasome: a protein-degrading organdie?. Curr. Biol. 5 (1995) 854-858
143. Rupp S., Hirsch H.H., and Wolf D.H. Biogenesis of the yeast vacuole (lysosome). Active site mutation in the vacuolar aspartate proteinase yscA blocks maturation of vacuolar proteinases. FEBS Lett. 293 (1991) 62-66
144. Rupp S., and Wolf D.H. Biogenesis of the yeast vacuole (lysosome). The use of active-site mutants of proteinase yscA to determine the necessity of the enzyme for vacuolar proteinase maturation and proteinase yscB stability. Eur. J. Biochem. 231 (1995) 115-125
145. Russell S.J., Sathyanarayana U.G., and Johnston S.A. Isolation and characterization of SUG2. A novel ATPase family component of the yeast 26 S proteasome. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 32810-32817
146. Saheki T., Matsuda Y., and Holzer H. Purification and characterization of macromolecular inhibitors of proteinase A from yeast. Eur. J. Biochem. 47 (1974) 325-332
147. Schlumpberger M., Schaeffeler E., Straub M., Bredschneider M., Wolf D.H., and Thumm M. AUT1, a gene essential for autophagocytosis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 1068-1076
148. Schnall R., Mannhaupt G., Stucka R., Tauer R., Ehnle S., Schwarzlose C., Vetter I., and Feldmann H. Identification of a set of yeast genes coding for a novel family of putative ATPases with high similarity to constituents of the 26S protease complex. Yeast 10 (1994) 1141-1155
149. Schork S., Bee G., Thumm M., and Wolf D.H. Catabolite inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in yeast is mediated by the proteasome. FEBS Lett. 349 (1994) 270-274
150. Schork S., Bee G., Thumm M., and Wolf D.H. Site of catabolite inactivation. Nature 369 (1994) 283-284
151. Schork S.M., Thumm M., and Wolf D.H. Catabolite inactivation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Degradation occurs via the ubiquitin pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 270 (1995) 26446-26450
152. Schu P., and Wolf D.H. The proteinase yscA-inhibitor, IA3, gene. Studies of cytoplasmic proteinase inhibitor deficiency on yeast physiology. FEBS Lett. 283 (1991) 78-84
153. Schu P., Suarez Rendueles P., and Wolf D.H. The proteinase yscB inhibitor (PB12) gene of yeast and studies on the function of its protein product. Eur. J. Biochem. 197 (1991) 1-7
154. Scott S.V., Hefner-Gravink A., Morano K.A., Noda T., Ohsumi Y., and Klionsky D.J. Cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting and autophagy employ the same machinery to deliver proteins to the yeast vacuole. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 12304-12308
155. Seemuller E., Lupas A., Stock D., Lowe J., Huber R., and Baumeister W. Proteasome from Thermoplasma acidophilum: a threonine protease. Science 268 (1995) 579-582
156. Seglen P.O., and Bohley P. Autophagy and other vacuolar protein degradation mechanisms. Experientia 48 (1992) 158-172
157. Segui R.B., Martinez M., and Sandoval I.V. Yeast aminopeptidase I is post-translationally sorted from the cytosol to the vacuole by a mechanism mediated by its bipartite N-terminal extension. EMBO J. 14 (1995) 5476-5484
158. Seidah N.G., and Chretien M. Pro-protein convertases of subtilisin/kexin family. Methods Enzymol. 244 (1994) 175-188
159. Seufert W., Futcher B., and Jentsch S. Role of a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in degradation of S- and M-phase cyclins. Nature 373 (1995) 78-81
160. Seufert W., and Jentsch S. In vivo function of the proteasome in the ubiquitin pathway. EMBO J. 11 (1992) 3077-3080
161. Sorensen S.O., van den Hazel H.B., Kielland-Brandt M.C., and Winther J.R. pH-dependent processing of yeast procarboxypeptidase Y by proteinase A in vivo and in vitro. Eur. J. Biochem. 220 (1994) 19-27
162. Spormann D.O., Heim J., and Wolf D.H. Carboxypeptidase yscS: gene structure and function of the vacuolar enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 197 (1991) 399-405
163. Spormann D.O., Heim J., and Wolf D.H. Biogenesis of the yeast vacuole (lysosome). The precursor forms of the soluble hydrolase carboxypeptidase yscS are associated with the vacuolar membrane. J. Biol. Chem 267 (1992) 8021-8029
164. Stack J.H., and Emr S.D. Genetic and biochemical studies of protein sorting to the yeast vacuole. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5 (1993) 641-646
165. Stevens T., Esmon B., and Schekman R. Early stages in the yeast secretory pathway are required for transport of carboxypeptidase Y to the vacuole. Cell 30 (1982) 439-448
166. Stevens T.H., Rothman J.H., Payne G.S., and Schekman R. Gene dosage-dependent secretion of yeast vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y. J. Cell. Biol. 102 (1986) 1551-1557
167. Straub M., Bredschneider M., and Thumm M. A UT3, a serine/threonine kinase gene, is essential for autophagocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 179 (1997) 3875-3883
168. Suarez-Rendueles P., and Wolf D. Identification of the structural gene for dipepodylaminopeptidase yscV (DAP2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Bacteriol. 169 (1987) 4041-4048
169. Suzuki C.K., Suda K., Wang N., and Schatz G. Requirement for the yeast gene LON in intramitochondrial proteolysis and maintenance of respiration [published erratum appears in Science 1994 May 13; 264(5161):891]. Science 264 (1994) 273-276
170. Swaffield J.C., Bromberg J.F., and Johnston S.A. Alterations in a yeast protein resembling HIV Tat-binding protein relieve requirement for an acidic activation domain in GAM [published erratum appears in Nature 1992 Dec 24-31; 360(6406):768]. Nature 357 (1992) 698-700
171. Takeshige K., Baba M., Tsuboi S., Noda T., and Ohsumi Y. Autophagy in yeast demonstrated with proteinase-deficient mutants and conditions for its induction. J. Cell Biol. 119 (1992) 301-311
172. Tanaka K. Molecular biology of proteasomes. Mol. Biol. Rep. 21 (1995) 21-26
173. Teichert U., Mechler B., Muller H., and Wolf D.H. Lysosomal (vacuolar) proteinases of yeast are essential catalysts for protein degradation, differentiation, and cell survival. J. Biol. Chem. 264 (1989) 16037-16045
174. Teichmann U., van Dyck L., Guiard B., Fischer H., Glockshuber R., Neupert W., and Langer T. Substitution of PIM1 protease in mitochondria by Escherichia coli Lon protease. J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 10137-10142
175. Thorsness P.E., White K.H., and Fox T.D. Inactivation of YME1, a member of the ftsH-SEC18-PAS1-CDC48 family of putative ATPase-encoding genes, causes increased escape of DNA from mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol. Cell Biol. 13 (1993) 5418-5426
176. Thumm M. Biological control through proteolysis. Yeast as a model of the eukaryote cell. In: Aviles F.X. (Ed). Innovations on Proteases and their Inhibitors (1993), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 63-80
177. Thumm M., Egner R., Koch B., Schlumpberger M., Straub M., Veenhuis M., and Wolf D.H. Isolation of autophagocytosis mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 349 (1994) 275-280
178. Tooze J., Hollinshead M., Ludwig T., Howell K., Hoflack B., and Kem H. In exocrine pancreas, the basolateral endocytic pathway converges with the autophagic pathway immediately after the early endosome. J. Cell Biol. III (1990) 329-345
179. Tsukada M., and Ohsumi Y. Isolation and characterization of autophagy-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEBS Lett. 333 (1993) 169-174
180. Turtle D.L., and Dunn W.J. Divergent modes of autophagy in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. J. Cell Sci. 108 (1995) 25-35
181. Ueno T., Muno D., and Kominami E. Membrane markers of endoplasmic reticulum preserved in autophagic vacuolar membranes isolated from leupeptin-administered rat liver. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (1991) 18995-18999
182. Vails L.A., Winther J.R., and Stevens T.H. Yeast carboxypeptidase Y vacuolar targeting signal is defined by four propeptide amino acids. J. Cell Biol. 111 (1990) 361-368
183. van den Hazel H.B., Kielland B.M., and Winther J.R. Autoactivation of proteinase A initiates activation of yeast vacuolar zymogens. Eur. J. Biochem. 207 (1992) 277-283
184. van den Hazel H.B., Kielland-Brandt M.G., and Winther J.R. Review: Biosynthesis and function of yeast vacuolar proteases. Yeast 12 (1996) 1-16
185. Van Dyck L., Pearce D.A., and Sherman F. PIM1 encodes a mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease that is required for mitochondrial function in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 238-242
186. van Nocker S., Sadis S., Rubin D.M., Glickman M., Fu H., Coux O., Wefes I., Finley D., and Vierstra R.D. The multiubiquitin-chain-binding protein Mcbl is a component of the 26S proteasome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and plays a nonessential, substrate-specific role in protein turnover. Mol. Cell Biol. 16 (1996) 6020-6028
187. Volland C., Urban G.D., Geraud G., and Haguenauer T.R. Endocytosis and degradation of the yeast uracil permease under adverse conditions. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (1994) 9833-9841
188. Wagner I., Arlt H., van Dyck L., Langer T., and Neupert W. Molecular chaperones cooperate with PIM1 protease in the degradation of misfolded proteins in mitochondria. EMBO J. 13 (1994) 5135-5145
189. Werner E.D., Brodsky J.L., and McCracken A.A. Proteasome-dependent endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation: an unconventional route to a familiar fate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93 (1996) 13797-13801
190. Willems A.R., Lanker S., Patton E.E., Craig K.L., Nason T.F., Mathias N.R., Kobayashi Wittenberg C., and Tyers M. Cdc53 targets phosphorylated Gl cyclins for degradation by the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. Cell 86 (1996) 453-463
191. Wolf D.H. Control of metabolism in yeast and other lower eukaryotes through action of proteinases. In: Rose A.H., and Gaieth Morris J. (Eds). Advances in Microbial Physiology 21 (1980), Academic Press, London, New York 267-338
192. Wolf D.H. Proteinase action in vitro versus proteinase function in vivo: mutants shed light on intracellular proteolysis in yeast. Trends Biochem. Sci. 7 (1982) 35-37
193. Wolf D.H. Cellular control in the eukaryotic cell through action of proteinases: the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism. Microbiol. Sci. 3 (1986) 107-111
194. Wolf D.H., and Ehmann C. Studies on a proteinase B mutant of yeast. Eur. J. Biochem. 98 (1979) 375-384
195. Wolf D.H., and Fink G.R. Proteinase C (carboxypeptidase Y) mutant of yeast. J. Bacteriol. 123 (1975) 1150-1156
196. Wolf D.H., and Weiser U. Studies on a carboxypeptidase Y mutant of yeast and evidence for a second carboxypeptidase Activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 73 (1977) 553-556
197. Woolford C.A., Daniels L.B., Park F.J., Jones E.W., Van A.J., and Innis M.A. The PEP4 gene encodes an aspartyl protease implicated in the posttranslational regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae vacuolar hydrolases. Mol. Cell Biol. 6 (1986) 2500-2510
198. Woolford C.A., Noble J.A., Garman J.D., Tarn M.F., Innis M.A., and Jones E.W. Phenotypic analysis of proteinase A mutants. Implications for autoactivation and the maturation pathway of the vacuolar hydrolases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 268 (1993) 8990-8998
199. Yadeau J.T., Klein C., and Blobel G. Yeast signal peptidase contains a glycoprotein and the Seel 1 gene product. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88 (1991) 517-521
200. Yaglom J., Linskens M.H., Sadis S., Rubin D.M., Futcher B., and Finley D. p34Cdc28-mediated control of Cln3 cyclin degradation. Mol. Cell Biol. 15 (1995) 731-741
201. Yamamoto A., Guacci V., and Koshland D. Pdslp, an inhibitor of anaphase in budding yeast, plays a critical role in the APC and checkpoint pathway(s). J. Cell Biol. 133 (1996) 99-110
202. Zubenko G.S., Mitchell A.P., and Jones E.W. Septum formation, cell division, and sporulation in mutants of yeast deficient in proteinase B. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76 (1979) 2395-2399
203. Zwickl P., Grziwa A., Puhler G., Dahlmann B., Lottspeich F., and Baumeister W. Primary structure of the Thermoplasma proteasome and its implications for the structure, function, and evolution of the multicatalytic proteinase. Biochemistry 31 (1992) 964-972