In the wake of desegregation: Early impacts of Scattered-Site public housing on neighborhoods in yonkers, New York

Journal of the American Planning Association

Volumn 65, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 27-49

  de Souza Briggs, Xavier ^a   Darden, Joe T ^a   Aidala, Angela ^a  

^a Special Needs Assistance Program   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HOUSING PROVISION; SOCIAL HOUSING; SOCIAL SEGREGATION; URBAN ECONOMY;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0344690148     PISSN: 01944363     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01944369908976032     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Abrams, Charles. 1955. Forbidden Neighbors, New York:Harper and Brothers.
2. Aidala, Angela A., Howard, Joyce Moon, and Callender, Wileen. Sense of Community in Yonkers Following Court-Ordered Desegregation. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Urban Affairs Association. April, New York City.
3. American Institute of Planners. 1964. The Appraisal of Real Estate New York
4. Babcock, Frederick. 1932. Valuation of Real Estate, New York:McGraw-Hill.
5. Barron, James. 1988. Groups Offer Housing Plan in Yonkers. New York Times, 21 November:B2
6. Beehler, George. 1945. Colored Occupancy Raises Values. The Review of the Society of Residential Appraisers, 11 (9):3–4.
7. Berry, Brian. 1976. Ghetto Expansion and Single Family Housing Prices:Chicago, 1968–1972. Journal of Urban Economics, 3:397–423.
8. Briggs, Xavier de Souza. 1997. Moving Up Versus Moving Out:Neighborhood Effects in Housing Mobility Programs. Housing Policy Debate, 8 (1):195–234.
9. Briggs, Xavier de Souza. 1998. Brown Kids in White Suburbs:Housing Mobility and the Many Faces of Social Capital. Housing Policy Debate, 9 (1):177–221.
10. Burby, Raymond, and Rohe, William M., 1989. Deconcentra-tion of Public Housing:Effects of Residents' Satisfaction with Their Living Environments and Their Fear of Crime. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 25 (1):117–41.
11. Burchell, Robert W., Listokin, David, and Pashman, Arlene. 1994. Regional Housing Opportunities for Lower Income Households:A Resource Guide to Affordable Housing and Regional Mobility Strategies, Washington, DC:United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
12. Can, Ayse. 1997. Spatial Segmentation in Urban House Prices:Alternative Approaches, Washington, DC:Evaluation and Training Division, Fannie Mae Foundation. Unpublished working paper, Policy Research January
13. Cervero, Robert. 1996. Jobs-Housing Balance Revisited:Trends and Effects in the San Francisco Bay Area. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62 (4):492–511.
14. Chambers, Daniel. 1992. The Racial Housing Price Differential and Racially Transitional Neighborhoods. Journal of Urban Economics, 32:214–32.
15. Chandler, Mittie O., 1991. The Effects of Public Housing Integration Efforts:The Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority Acquisition Housing Program, Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs, Cleveland State University. Unpublished paper, March
16. Chavis, David M., and Wandersman, Alfred. 1990. Sense of Community in the Urban Environment:A Catalyst for Participation and Community Development. American Journal of Community Psychology, 18:55–81. (February)
17. Cho, Man. 1996. House Price Dynamics:A Survey of Theoretical and Empirical Issues. Journal of Housing Research, 7 (2):145–72.
18. Cortissoz, Marie. 1988. Catholic Clergy to the City:Comply with Law. The Herald Statesman, September 8:A1
19. Cuomo, Mario Matthew. 1974. Forest Hills Diary:The Crisis of Low-Income Housing, New York:Random House.
20. Cummings, Paul, and Landis, John. 1993. Relationships Between Affordable Housing Developments and Neighboring Property Values, Berkeley:Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California. Working paper no. 599
21. Darden, Joe T., Aidala, Angela, Crain, Robert, and Howard, Joyce Moon. White Residents' Perceptions of Scattered-site Public Housing in Yonkers, New York:Preliminary Analyses. Paper presented at the First National Conference on Housing Mobility as an Anti-poverty Strategy. October, Washington, DC.
22. Dentzer, Bill. 1992. Little Has Changed 10 Years After Lawsuit. Gannett Suburban Newspapers, March 31:3A
23. De Salvo, Joseph S., 1974. Neighborhood Upgrading Effects of Middle-income Housing Projects in New York City. Journal of Urban Economics, 1 (3):269–77.
24. Downing, Paul B., 1970. “ Estimating Residential Land Value by Multi-Variable Analysis ”. In The Assessment of Land Value, Edited by:Holland, Daniel M., Madison:University of Wisconsin Press.
25. Downs, Anthony. 1973. Opening Up the Suburbs, New Haven:Yale University Press.
26. Ellen, Ingrid Gould. 1996. Sharing America's Neighborhoods:The Changing Prospects for Stable Racial Integration, Department of Public Policy, Harvard University. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, July
27. Ellwood, David T., 1986. “ The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis:Are There Teenage Jobs Missing in the Ghetto? ”. In The Black Youth Employment Crisis, Edited by:Freeman, Richard B., and Holzer, Harold. Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
28. Fava, Sylvia. 1958. “ Contrasts in Neighboring:New York City and a Suburban Community ”. In The Suburban Community, Edited by:Dobriner, William M., New York:G.P. Putnam.
29. Feld, Marcia M., 1989. The Yonkers Case and its Implications for the Teaching and Practice of Planning. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 8 (3):169–75.
30. Gallagher, Mary Lou. 1994. HUD's Geography of Opportunity. Planning,:12–13. (July)
31. Galster, George C., 1987. Homeowners and Neighborhood Reinvestment, Durham, NC:Duke University.
32. Galster, George C., 1990. Neighborhood Evaluations, Expectations, Mobility, and Housing Reinvestment:Measuring the Social Effects of Community Development Corporations, New York:Community Development Research Center, New School of Social Research.
33. Galster, George, and Keeney, Heather. 1993. Subsidized Housing and Racial Change in Yonkers, New York. Journal of the American Planning Association, 59 (2):172–90.
34. Galster, George, and Williams, Yolanda. 1994. Dwellings for the Severely Mentally Disabled and Neighborhood Property Values. Land Economics, 70:466–77. (November)
35. Gans, Herbert J., 1962. “ Urbanism and Suburbanism as Ways of Life:A Re-evaluation of Definitions ”. In Human Behavior and Social Processes:An Interactionist Approach, Edited by:Rose, A., London:Routledge and Kegan Paul.
36. Gans, Herbert J., 1967. The Levittowners:Ways of Life and Politics in a New Suburban Community, New York:Columbia University Press.
37. 1969. Gautreaux v. Chicago Housing Authority 269 F. Supp. 907 (Northern District, Illinois)
38. 1993. Giddins v. U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Consent Decree, 91 Civ. 7181 (RFP) United States District Court (Southern District, New York)
39. Gillette, Thomas. 1957. A Study of the Effects of Negro Invasion on Real Estate Values. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 16:151–74. (January)
40. Goering, John, ed. 1986. Housing Desegregation and Federal Policy, Chapel Hill:University of North Carolina Press.
41. Goering, John, Kamely, Ali, and Richardson, Todd. 1997. Recent Research on Racial Segregation and Poverty Concentration in Public Housing in the United States. Urban Affairs Review, 32 (5):723–46.
42. Goetz, Edward, Lam, Hin Kin, and Heitlinger, Anne. 1996. There Goes the Neighborhood? The Impact of Subsidized Multi-Family Housing On Urban Neighborhoods, Minneapolis:Center for Urban and Regional Affairs.
43. Goodman, Allen C., and Thibodeau, Thomas G., 1995. Age-related Heteroskedasticity in Hedonic House Price Equations. Journal of Housing Research, 6 (1):25–42.
44. Gordon, Peter, Richardson, Harry, and Jun, Myung-Jin. 1991. The Community Paradox:Evidence from the Top Twenty. Journal of the American Planning Association, 57 (4):416–20.
45. Grigsby, William G., 1987. The Dynamics of Neighborhood Change and Decline, Elmsford, New York:Pergamon.
46. Guy, Donald C., Hysom, John L., and Ruth, Stephen R., 1985. The Effect of Subsidized Housing on Values of Adjacent Housing. American Real Estate and Urban Economics Journal, 13 (4):378–87.
47. Hamilton, Lawrence C., 1992. Regression with Graphics, Pacific Grove, CA:Brooks/Cole Publishing.
48. Hogan, James. 1996. Scattered-site Housing:Characteristics and Consequences, Washington, D.C.:United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
49. Holzer, Harry. 1991. The Spatial Mismatch Hypothesis:What Has the Evidence Shown?. Urban Studies, 28 (1):105–22.
50. Housing Assistance Council. November 1994. Overcoming Exclusion in Rural Communities:NIMBY Case Studies November, Washington, DC
51. Hughes, Mark, and Madden, James. 1991. Residential Segregation and the Economic Status of Black Workers:New Evidence for an Old Debate. Journal of Urban Economics, 29:28–49.
52. Innovative Housing Institute. 1998. The House Next Door, Maryland:Kens-ingston.
53. Kain, John. 1968. Housing Desegregation, Negro Employment and Metropolitan Decentralization. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 32 (2):175–97.
54. Kamely, Ali A., 1995. An Economic Analysis of the Effects of Public Housing Projects and Their Occupancy Patterns on Housing Prices in the United States, Department of Economics, The Catholic University of America. Unpublished doctoral dissertation
55. Kasinitz, Phillip, and Rosenberg, Jan. 1996. Missing the Connection:Social Isolation on the Brooklyn Waterfront. Social Problems, 43 (2):180–95.
56. Kingsley, Thomas G., and Tatian, Peter. Housing and Welfare Reform:Geography Matters. Paper presented at a Policy Research Roundtable on the Implications of Welfare Reform for Housing. July, Washington, DC.
57. Kirschenman, Joleen, and Neckerman, Kathryn. 1991. “We'd Love to Hire Them, But …” The Meaning of Race for Employers ”. In The Urban Underclass, Edited by:Jencks, Christopher, and Peterson, Paul. Washington, DC:Brookings Institution.
58. Krueckeberg, Donald A., 1995. The Difficult Character of Property:To Whom Do Things Belong?. Journal of the American Planning Association, 61 (3):301–09.
59. Ladd, William. 1962. The Effect of Integration On Property Values. The American Economic Review, 52:801–8.
60. Lake, Robert W., 1993. Rethinking NIMBY. Journal of the American Planning Association, 59 (1):87–93.
61. Laurenti, Luigi. 1960. Property Values and Race, Berkeley:University of California Press.
62. Li, Chun-Hao, Bagakas, Joshua, and Darden, Joe T., 1995. A Comparison of the U.S. Census Summary Tape Files 1A and 3A in Measuring Residential Segregation. Journal of Economic and Social Measurement, 21:145–55.
63. Li, Mingche M., and James, H. Brown. 1980. Micro-neighborhood Externalities and Hedonic Housing Prices. Land Economics, 56:125–41. (May)
64. Lyons, Robert F., and Loveridge, Scott. January 1993. An Hedonic Estimation of the Effect of Federally Subsidized Housing on Nearby Residential Property Values, January, St. Paul:Department of Agriculture and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota. Staff Paper P93-6
65. Marous, Michael S., 1996. Low-Income Housing in Our Backyards:What Happens to Residential Property Values?. The Appraisal Journal,:27–33. (January)
66. Martinez, Marco A., 1988. The Effects of Subsidized and Affordable Housing on Property Values:A Survey of Research, Sacramento, California:Department of Housing and Community Development. Report to the State of California
67. McFadden, Robert D., 1988. In its Final Days of Defiance, Yonkers Had to Pick its Fate. New York Times,:B2–3. September 12, A1
68. McMichael, Stanley. 1951. McMichael's Appraising Manual, New York:Prentice Hall.
69. Merton, Robert K., 1946. The Self-fulfilling Prophecy. The An-tioch Review, 8:34–52. (Summer)
70. Meyerson, Martin, and Banfield, Edward. 1964. Politics, Planning and the Public Interest:the Case of Public Housing in Chicago, Glencoe, IL:Free Press.
71. Molotoch, Harvey. 1972. Managed Integration, Berkeley:University of California Press.
72. Mondros, Jacqueline B., and McGuffin, Neil. 1992. “ Yonkers:A Tale of Two Cities ”. In Case Studies in Social Work in Practice, Edited by:LeCroy, Craig Winston. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth.
73. Mullendore, Walter, and Cooper, Kathleen. 1972. Effects of Race on Property Values:The Case of Dallas. Annals of Regional Science, 6:61–72. (December)
74. Newman, Katherine. 1988. Falling from Grace:The Experience of Downward Mobility in the American Middle Class, New York:Free Press.
75. Newman, Oscar. 1996. Creating Defensible Space, Washington, DC:United States Department of Housing and Urban Development.
76. Nourse, Hugh O., 1963. The Effect of Public Housing on Property Values in St. Louis. Land Economics, 39:433–41. (November)
77. Palmore, Erdman. 1966. Integration and Property Values in Washington, DC. Phylon, 27:15–19.
78. Palmore, Erdman, and Howe, John. 1962. Residential Integration and Property Values. Social Problems, 10 (1):52–5.
79. Phares, Donald. 1971. Racial Change and Housing Values:Transition in an Inner Suburb. Social Science Quarterly, 52 (3):560–73.
80. Polikoff, Alexander, ed. 1995. Housing Mobility:Promise or Illusion, Washington, DC:Urban Institute.
81. Puryear, Vivian. 1989. The Effects of Scattered-site Public Housing on Residential Property Values, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Unpublished M.A. Thesis
82. Rabiega, W., Lin, Ta-Win, and Robinson, Linda M., 1984. The Property Value Effects of Public Housing Projects in Low and Moderate Density Residential Neighborhoods. Land Economics, 6 (2):174–79.
83. Rieder, Jonathan. 1985. Canarsie:The Jews and Italians of Brooklyn Against Liberalism, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
84. Roncek, Dennis, Bell, Ralph, and Francik, Jeffrey. 1981. Housing Projects and Crime:Testing a Proximity Hypothesis. Social Problems, 2:151–66. (December)
85. Rosenbaum, James, and Popkin, Susan. 1991. “ Employment and Earnings of Low-income Blacks Who Move to Middle-income Suburbs ”. In The Urban Underclass, Edited by:Jencks, Christopher, and Peterson, Paul. Washington, DC:Brook-ings Institution.
86. Rosenbaum, James. 1995. Changing the Geography of Opportunity By Expanding Residential Choice:Lessons from the Gautreaux Program. Housing Policy Debate, 6 (1):231–70.
87. Rousseeuw, Patrick J., and Leroy, Andrew M., 1987. Robust Regression and Outlier Detection, New York:John Wiley & Sons.
88. Rothenberg, Jerome, Galster, George, Butler, Richard, and Pitkin, John. 1991. The Maze of Urban Housing Markets:Theory, Evidence and Policy, Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press.
89. Rubinowitz, Lawrence S., 1973. “ A Question of Choice:Access of the Poor and the African American to Suburban Housing ”. In The Urbanization of the Suburbs, Edited by:Masotti, Luigi H., and Hadden, John R., Beverly Hills, CA:Sage Publications.
90. Sheingold, David. 1993. Public Housing Has Limited Effects:Homes Near Desegregation Sites are Selling, and Property Values Are Not Crashing. Herald Statesman,:6B (August 12)
91. Spence, Lewis H., 1993. Rethinking the Social Role of Public Housing. Housing Policy Debate, 4 (3):355–68.
92. Stern, Jennifer. 1991. Yonkers Gives In. Planning,:8–11. (December)
93. Stern, Oscar I., 1946. Long Range Effects of Colored Occupancy. The Review of the Society of Residential Appraisers, 12 (1):4–6.
94. Straszheim, Michael. 1980. Discrimination and the Spatial Characteristics of the Urban Labor Market for Black Workers. Journal of Urban Economics, 7:119–40.
95. Strong, Ann Louise, Mandelker, Daniel R., and Kelly, Eric Damian. 1996. Property Rights and Takings. Journal of the American Planning Association, 62 (1):5–16.
96. Taub, Richard P., Taylor, Garth, and Dunham, Jan T., 1984. Paths of Neighborhood Change:Race and Crime in Urban America, Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
97. Temkin, Kenneth, and Rohe, William. 1996. Neighborhood Change and Urban Policy. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 15:101–12.
98. Temkin, Kenneth, and Rohe, William. Social Capital and Neighborhood Stability:An Empirical Investigation. Paper presented at the Fannie Mae Foundation Annual Housing Conference. April, Washington, DC.
99. Tienda, Marta. 1991. “ Poor People and Poor Places:Deciphering Neighborhood Effects on Poverty Outcomes ”. In Macro-micro Linkages in Sociology, Edited by:Huber, Joan. Newbury Park, CA:Sage Publications.
100. Turner, Margery Austin, and Williams, Kale. 1998. Housing Mobility:Realizing the Promise, Washington, DC:The Urban Institute. Report from the Second National Conference on Assisted Housing Mobility
101. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. April 1996. Expanding Housing Choices for HUD-Assisted Families:Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing Demonstration, First Biennial Report to Congress, April, Washington, DC:Office of Policy Development and Research.
102. United States v. City of Yonkers et.al. 1985. Civil Action #80CIV 6761 LBS (Southern District of New York, 20)
103. Vale, Lawrence J., 1993. Beyond the Problem Projects Paradigm:Defining and Revitalizing Severely Distressed Public Housing. Housing Policy Debate, 4 (2):147–74.
104. Waddell, Paul, and Murdoch, Jim. August 1996. An Assessment of the Potential Housing Price Impact of Scattered-Site Public Housing in North Dallas, August, Dallas:Bruton Center for Development Studies, University of Texas. Unpublished report
105. Walker, et al. v. United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, et al. 1995. Civil Action #3:85-CV-1210-R (Northern District of Texas)
106. Weaver, Robert. 1948. The Negro Ghetto, New York:Harcourt, Brace and Company.
107. Weisberg, Barbara. 1993. One City's Approach to NIMBY:How New York City Developed a Fair Share Siting Process. Journal of the American Planning Association, 59 (1):93–99.
108. Yandle, Bruce. 1982. A Property Rights Paradox:George and Rothbard on the Conservation of Natural Resources. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 41 (2):183–95.
109. Yinger, John. 1995. Closed Doors, Opportunities Lost:The Continuing Costs of Housing Discrimination, New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
110. Yonkers Family & Community Project. July 1997. Yonkers Revisited:Early Effects of Scattered-Site Public Housing on Families and Neighborhoods, July, New York:Teachers College, Columbia University. A Report to The Ford Foundation