Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: Are They Really Atherothrombotic, and If Not, Why Not?

Stroke

Volumn 34, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 2736-2740

  Hankey, Graeme J ^a,c   Eikelboom, John W ^b,c  

^a ROYAL PERTH HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b Department of Hematology ^*  (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Arteriosclerosis; Cyclooxygenase inhibitors; Thrombosis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; MELOXICAM; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PROSTACYCLIN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; ARTHRITIS; ATHEROGENESIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; GASTROINTESTINAL TOXICITY; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART PROTECTION; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THROMBOGENESIS; THROMBOSIS;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL; ARTHRITIS; CLINICAL TRIALS; CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITORS; EPOPROSTENOL; HUMANS; RISK ASSESSMENT; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 0242694038     PISSN: 00392499     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.STR.0000097301.50041.6E     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein JL, Simon LS, Pincus T, Whelton A, Makuch R, Eisen G, Agrawal NM, Stenson WF, et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib vs. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: the CLASS study: a randomised controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;284:1247-1255.
2. Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, Shapiro D, Burgos-Vargos R, David B, Day R, Ferraz MB, Hawkey CJ, Hochberg MC, et al, for the VIGOR Study Group. Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343:1520-1528.
3. Mukherjee D, Nissen SE, Topol E. Risk of cardiovascular events associated with selective COX-2 inhibitors. JAMA. 2001;286:954-959.
4. McAdam BF, Catella-Lawson F, Mardini IA, Kapoor S, Lawson JA, Fitzgerald GA. Systemic biosynthesis of prostacyclin by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2: the human pharmacology of a selective inhibitor of COX-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96:735-741.
5. Bing RJ, Lomnicka M. Why do cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors cause cardiovascular events? J Am Coll Cordial. 2002;39:521-522.
6. Cheng Y, Austin SC, Rocca B, et al. Role of prostacyclin in the cardiovascular response to thromboxane A2. Science. 2002;296:539-541.
7. Sanmuganathan PS, Ghahramani P, Jackson PR, Wallis EJ, Ramsay LE. Aspirin for primary prevention of coronary heart disease: safety and absolute benefit related to coronary risk derived from meta-analysis of randomised trials. Heart. 2001;85:265-271.
8. Crofford LJ, Oates JC, McCune WJ, et al. Thrombosis in patients with connective tissue diseases treated with specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors: a report of four cases. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:1891-1896.
9. Marcus AJ, Broekman MJ, Pinsky DJ. COX inhibitors and thromboregulation. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1025-1026.
10. Shinmura K, Tang XL, Wang YL, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates the cardioprotective effects of the late phase of ischemic preconditioning in conscious rabbits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97:10197-10202.
11. Hennan JK, Huang J, Barrett TD, et al. Effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on vascular responses and thrombosis in canine coronary arteries. Circulation. 2001;104:820-825.
12. Pitt B, Pepine C, Willerson JT. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition and cardiovascular events. Circulation. 2002;106:167-169.
13. Wållberg-Jonsson S, Ohman ML, Dahlqvist SR. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Northern Sweden. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:445-451.
14. Konstam MA, Weir MR, Reicin A, Shapiro D, Sperling RS, Barr E, Gertz BJ. Cardiovascular thrombotic events in controlled clinical trials of rofecoxib. Circulation. 2001;104:2280-2288.
15. Solomon DH, Glynn RJ, Levin R, Avorn J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1099-1104.
16. Watson DJ, Rhodes T, Cai B, Guess HA. Lower risk of thromboembolic cardiovascular events with naproxen among patients among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1105-1110.
17. Rahme E, Pilote L, LeLorier J. Association between naproxen use and protection against myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162: 1111-1115.
18. Garcia Rodriguez LA, Varas C, Patrono C. Differential effects of aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the primary prevention of myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. Epidemiology. 2000; 11:382-387.
19. Ray WA, Stein CM, Hall K, Daugherty JR, Griffin MR. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of serious coronary heart disease: an observational study. Lancet. 2002;359:118-123.
20. Ray WA, Stein CM, Daugherty JR, Hall K, Arbogast PG, Griffin MR. COX-2 selective non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and risk of serious coronary artery disease. Lancet. 2002;360:1071-1073.
21. White WB, Faich G, Whelton A, Maurath C, Ridge NJ, Verburg KM, Geis S, Lefkowith JB. Comparison of thromboembolic events in patients treated with celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor, versus ibuprofen or diclofenac. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89:425-430.
22. Ross R. Atherosclerosis: an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340:115-126.
23. Cipollone F, Prontera C, Pini B, et al. Overexpression of functionally coupled cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E synthase in symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques as a basis of prostaglandin E2-dependent plaque instability. Circulation. 2001;104:921-927.
24. Schonbeck U, Sukhova GK, Graber P, Coulter S, Libby P. Augmented expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human atherosclerotic lesions. Am J Pathol. 1999;155:1281-1291.
25. Baker CS, Hall RJ, Evans TJ, Pomerance A, Maclouf J, Creminon C, Yacoub MH, Polak JM. Cyclooxygenase-2 is widely expressed in atherosclerotic lesions affecting native and transplanted human coronary arteries and colocalizes with inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitrotyrosine particularly in macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999; 19:646-655.
26. Maclouf J, Folco G, Patrono C. Eicosanoids and iso-eicosanoids: constitutive, inducible and transcellular biosynthesis in vascular disease. Thromb Haemost. 1998;79:691-705.
27. Wesley RB 2nd, Meng X, Godin D, Galis ZS. Extracellular matrix modulates macrophage functions characteristic to atheroma: collagen type I enhances acquisition of resident macrophage traits by human peripheral blood monocytes in vitro. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1998;18:432-440.
28. Galis ZS, Sukhova GK, Lark MW, Libby P. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atherosclerotic plaques. J Clin Invest. 1994;94: 2493-1503.
29. Loftus IM, Naylor AR, Goodall S, Crowther M, Jones L, Bell PR, Thompson MM. Increased matrix-metalloproteinase-9 activity in unstable carotid plaque: a potential role in acute plaque disruption. Stroke. 2000;31:40-47.
30. Cipollone F, Prontera C, Pini B, Marini M, Fazia M, De Cesare D, Iezzi A, Ucchino S, Boccoli G, Saba V, et al. Overexpression of functionally coupled cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E synthase in symptomatic atherosclerotic plaques as a basis of prostaglandin E(2)-dependent plaque instability. Circulation. 2001;104:921-927.
31. Burleigh ME, Babaev VR, Oates JA, Harris RC, Gautam S, Riendeau D, Marnett LJ, Morrow JD, Fazio S, Linton MF. Cyclooxygenase-2 promotes early atherosclerotic lesion formation in LDL receptor-deficient mice. Circulation. 2002;105:1816-1823.
32. Cipollone F, Fazia M, Iezzi A, et al. Suppression of functionally coupled cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E synthase as a basis of simvastatin-dependent plaque stabilization in humans. Circulation. 2003;107: 1479-1485.
33. Cayette AJ, Du Y, Oliver-Krasinski J, Lavielle G, Verbeuren TJ, Cohen RA. The thromboxane receptor antagonist S 18886 but not aspirin inhibits atherogenesis in apo E-deficient mice: evidence that eicosanoids other than thromboxane contribute to atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2000;20:1724-1728.
34. Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J, Weitz JI, Eikelboom JW, Hirsh J, Weitz JI, Johnston M, Yi Q, Yusuf S. Aspirin-resistant thromboxane biosynthesis and the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death in patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. Circulation. 2002;105: 1650-1655.
35. Marcus AJ, Weksler BB, Jaffe EA, Broekman MJ. Synthesis of prostacyclin from platelet-derived endoperoxides by cultured human endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1980;66:979-986.
36. Schafer AI, Crawford DD, Gimbrone MA. Unidirectional transfer of prostaglandin endoperoxides between platelets and endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1984;73:1105-1112.
37. Karim S, Habib A, Levy-Toledano S, Maclouf J. Cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 of endothelial cells utilize exogenous or endogenous arachidonic acid for transcellular production of thromboxane. J Biol Chem. 1996;271: 12042-12048.
38. Weber AA, Zimmerman KC, Meyer-Kirchrath J, Schror K. Cyclooxygenase-2 in human platelets as a possible factor in aspirin resistance. Lancet. 1999;353:900.
39. Chenevard R, Hürlimann D, Béchir M, et al. Selective COX-2 inhibition improves endothelial function in coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2003;107:r15-r19.
40. Altman R, Luciardi HL, Muntaner J, Del Rio F, Berman SG, Lopez R, Gonzales C. Efficacy assessment of meloxicam, a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation: the Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Unstable Angina Treatment-2 (NUT-2) Study. Circulation. 2002;106:191-195.
41. FitzGerald GA. Cardiovascular pharmacology of nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and coxibs: clinical considerations. Am J Cardiol. 2002;89(suppl):26D-32D.